TIFF,BMP,DIB,GIF,JPEG,TGA,PNG WAV,MP3,OGG,AIFF,WMA,RA …

ghlk;-1:gy;Y}lfk;

(2kjpg;ngz;)

1)gy;Y}lfk;

tiuaWkw;Wk;

rpwg;gk;rk;

-gykw;Wk;Clfk;Mfpa,Unrhw;fisnfhz;lJ (Multi,Medium)

-Clfq;fspy;gytbtq;fisxUq;fpizf;fpwJ

-Clfk;vd;gJciu>epow;glk;>mirT+l;ly;>xypkw;Wk;xspf;fhl;rpMfpa$Wfisf;

nfhz;ljhFk;.

2)

gy;Y}lfj;jpd;

$Wfs;

ciu>epow;glk;>mirT+l;ly;>xypkw;Wk;xspf;fhl;rp

3)

gy;Y}lfj;jpy;

cs;sciu

$w;W-

tiffs;

gpwegh;fSld;jfty;njhlh;Gnfhs;sciugad;gLk;

tif:

1)epiyahdciu:jiyg;G(m)gj;jpapy;>nrhy;(m)ciukhwhky;,Ug;gJ

2)kPciu:Kidaq;fSf;F,ilNa>ciuahdJ,izg;igf;nfhz;bUf;Fk;

4)

gy;Y}lfj;jpy;

cs;sepow;glk;

-tiffs;

jftiy glk;%yk;ntspg;gLj;jKbAk;.

tiffs;:

1)gpl;Nkg;glk;(m)nrt;tfg;glk;:

fzpdpapy;glj;ij Nrkpf;Fk;nghJthdkw;Wk;gue;jtbtk;

glg;Gs;sp%yk;tbtikf;fg;gLfpwJ

2)ntf;lh;glk;:tiuAk;$Wfshdthpfs;>nrt;tfq;fs;>tl;lq;fs;kw;Wk;gyglq;fs;

%yk;cUthf;FtJMFk;.

5)mirT+l;ly;

-tiuaW–

rpwg;gk;rk;

mirahepow;glq;fiskpftpiuthffhl;rpgLj;jk;nray;MFk;.

njhlh;r;rpahf,aq;Ftijg;Nghd;wczh;itj;jUk;.

6)epow;gl

Nfhg;G

tbtq;fis

gl;baypLf

TIFF,BMP,DIB,GIF,JPEG,TGA,PNG

7)xypNfhg;G

tbtq;fis

gl;baypLf

WAV,MP3,OGG,AIFF,WMA,RA

8)xspf;fhl;rp

Nfhg;G

tbtq;fis

gl;baypLf

AVI,MPEG,FLV,MOV,WMV

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9)gy;Y}lf

cUthf;fk; NghJkhdNeuk;kw;Wk;jpwikahdjpl;lkply;nfhz;LcUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.

NkYk;R%fkhfj;njhluTk;>jfty;,yf;fghh;itahsiur;nrd;wilaTk;>gy

gbepiyfs;nfhz;LcUthf;FtjhFk;.

10)gy;Y}lf

cUthf;ff;FO

cWg;gpdh;fs;

1.jahhpg;GNkyhsh;

2.nghUslf;fty;Yeh;

3.];fphpg;l;vOj;jhsh;

4.ciugjpg;ghsh;

5.gy;Y}lftbtikg;ghsh;

6.fzpdptiufiyfiyQh;

7.xypkw;Wk;xspf;fhl;rpty;Yeh;

8.fzpdpepuyh;

9.tiyty;Yeh;

3-kjpg;ngz;

1)gy;Y}lf;f$Wfistpthp

ciu -mbg;gilf;$whfr;nray;gLfpwJ 2-tif1)epiyahd ciy 2)kPciu

epow;glk;-Kf;fpa$whfnray;gLfpwJ.2-tif 1)gpl;Nkg;(m)nrt;tfglk;>2)ntf;lh;glq;fs;

mirT+l;ly;-mirahg;glj;ijkpftpiuthffhl;rpgLj;Jjy;2-tif1)ghijmirT+l;ly;

2)rl;lfmirT+l;ly;

xyp– ve;jnkhopapYk;cs;smh;j;jKs;sNgr;RMFk;.1)MIDIxyp2),yf;fxyp

xspf;fhl;rp– gjpTnra;ag;gl;lepfo;T1)fyg;Gxspf;fhl;rp2)xg;Gikxspf;fhl;rp

2)mirT+l;ly;rpwg;gk;rq;fs;kw;Wk;njhopy;El;gq;fs;

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;:rpdpkhj;Jiwapy;gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fhh;̂d;glq;fiscUthf;fcjTfpwJ.

njhopy;El;gq;fs;:ghijmirT+l;ly;

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rl;lfmirT+l;ly;

3)cUthf;ff;FOcWg;gpdh;gzpkw;Wk;nghWg;G

jahhpg;GNkyhsh;-Fwpj;jNeuj;jpy;KOj;juj;Jld;cUthf;fjpl;lj;ijtiuaWg;gth;

nghUslf;fty;Yeh;-nghUslf;fj;ijg;gw;wpmidj;JMuha;r;rpnray;ghl;ilnra;gthh;

];fphpg;l;vOj;jhsh;-thpirapy;cs;snefpo;Tfs;gw;wpvOJthh;

ciugjpg;ghsh;-rhpahd,yf;fzj;NjhLciuiavOJthh;

gy;Y}lftbtikg;ghsh;-midj;Jmbg;gilj;njhFjpiagad;gLj;jpxUq;fpizg;gth;

fzpdptiufiyfiyQh;-gpd;ddp>Gy;yl;fs;>nghj;jhd;fs;>rpd;dq;fisfzpdpapy;ifahSgth;

xypkw;Wk;xspf;fhl;rpty;Yeh;-vLj;Jiuj;jy;kw;Wk;Nrkpf;fg;gl;lxspf;fhl;rpiaifahSgth;

fzpdpepuyh;-nghUj;jkhfnkhopapy;FwpKiw(m)];fphpg;l;vOJgth;

tiyty;Yeh;-,izatiyg;gf;fj;ijcUthf;fpguhkhpg;gth;

4)gy;Y}lfj;jpy;cs;sgy;NtWNfhg;Gtbtq;fs;

epow;gl

Nfhg;G

tbtq;fs;

TIFF,BMP,DIB,GIF,JPEG,TGA,PNG

xypNfhg;G

tbtq;fs;WAV,MP3,OGG,AIFF,WMA,RA

Xspf;fhl;rp

Nfhg;G

tbtq;fs;

AVI,MPEG,FLV,MOV,WMV

5-kjpg;ngz;

1)gy;Y}lfnray;fs;tpthp

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gy;Y}lfj;ij

cUthf;Fk;

gbepiyfs;

gbepiy1:fUj;JUgFg;gha;Tkw;Wk;jpl;lkply;

gbepiy2:jpl;ltbtikg;G

gbepiy3:Kd;-cUthf;Fjy;

gbepiy4:tuT-nryTjpl;lkply;

gbepiy5:gy;Y}lfj;ij cUthf;Fk;FO

gbepiy6:td;nghUs;/nkd;nghUs;Njh;e;njLj;jy;

gbepiy7:nghUslf;fj;ijtiuaWj;jy;

gbepiy8:fl;likg;igjahh;nra;jy;

gbepiy9:cUthf;Fjy;

gbepiy10:Nrhjpj;jy;

gbepiy11:Mtzg;gLj;Jjy;

gbepiy12:gy;Y}lfjpl;lj;ijtoq;Fjy;

2)mirT+l;ly;rpwg;gk;rq;fs;kw;Wk;njhopy;El;gq;fs;

rpwg;gk;rq;fs;:rpdpkhj;Jiwapy;gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

fhh;̂d;glq;fiscUthf;fcjTfpwJ.

njhopy;El;gq;fs;:ghijmirT+l;ly;

rl;lfmirT+l;ly;

ghijmirT+l;ly;:

khwhjgpd;dzpnfhz;ljpiuapy;xUnghUisefh;j;jcjTfpwJ.

gpd;dzpapy;khw;wk;Vw;gl;lhYk;>khw;wj;ijnghUl;gLj;jhky;nghUs;efh;e;Jnfhz;L,Uf;Fk;.

rl;lfmirT+l;ly;:

gynghUs;fs;xNurkaj;jpy;efh;e;Jnfhz;bUf;Fk;.

gpd;dzpAk;>nghUSk;khwpf;nfhz;Nl,Uf;Fk;.

3)mirT+l;ly;-jpiug;glJiwapy;cs;stha;g;Gfs;

jpiug;glJiwapy;jpiug;glj;jpy;rpwg;Gkpf;ffhl;rpfismikf;fgad;gLfpwJ

cz;ikahdepfo;itjj;JUtkhfmikf;fcjTfpwJ

R+o;epiyf;FVw;wthWfhl;rpNfhg;igtbtikf;fgad;gLk;

,U(m)Kg;ghpkhzmirT+l;ly;fs;%yk;jpwd;kpf;fglf;fhl;rpcUthf;fKbAk;.

gpd;dzp,irNahLjpiug;glfhl;rpia,izf;fmirT+l;ly;gad;gLfpwJ.

4)gy;Y}lfNfhg;gpy;cs;sntt;NtWtbtq;fistpthp

ciutbtq;fs;:-1)RTF:RichTextFormat-Fwpg;Gfs;kw;Wk;FWf;Fg;gzpj;jsMtzq;fspd;ghpkhw;wk;2)Plaintext:gyciug;gjpg;ghd;fspy;ciuiagjpg;gha;Tnra;akw;Wk;E-mailmDg;gTk;gad;gLfpwJ.epow;gltbtq;fs;:-1)TIFF-epow;glFWf;fj;ijmDkjpf;Fk;.2)BMP-nghpaepow;glq;fSf;fhfgad;gLj;Jk;

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,yf;fxypNfhg;Gtbtq;fs;:-1)WAV-FWf;fg;glhjxypiaNrkpf;fgad;gLk;2)MP3-,iriaNrkpf;fTk;>gjptpwf;fk;nra;aTk;gad;gLk;.

,yf;fxspf;fhl;rpNfhg;Gtbtq;fs;:1)AVI-glf;$WfisneLthpirapy;njhFg;gpy;Nrkpf;fpwJ2)MPEG-,yf;fxspf;fhl;rpkw;Wk;xypFWf;fj;jpw;fhd juepiyMFk;.

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ghlk;-2(Ng[;Nkf;fh;)

2-kjpg;ngz;

1)DesktopPublishingvd;why;vd;d?

Mtzq;fSf;fhd gf;fq;fistbtikg;Gnra;Ak;Xh;nkd;nghUs;MFk;.

Ng[;Nkf;fh;>Fthh;f;vf;];gpu];nkd;nghUs;Nghd;witDTPnkd;nghUs;fs;MFk;.

2)DTPnkd;nghUs;fistifg;gLj;Jf

Ng[;Nkf;fh;>Fthh;f;vf;];gpu];>mNlhg;,d;bird;

3)Ng[;Nkf;fh;nkd;nghUisj;jpwg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs;

top-1:start->allprograms->adobe->pagemaker7.0->adobepagemaker7.0

top-2:jpiuKfg;gpy;adobepagemaker7.0rpd;dj;ij,UKiwfpspf;nra;jy;

4)Ng[;Nkf;fhpy;GjpaMtzj;ijjpwj;jy;

top1:gl;bg;gl;ilapy;File->New(m)Ctrl+NiamOj;jNtz;Lk;.

top2:Njhd;Wk;Documentsetupciuahly;ngl;bapy;GjpaMtzj;jpw;FNjitahdmsTfis

cs;sPLnra;JOKnghj;jhidmOj;jNtz;Lk;.

5)xl;Lg;gyifvd;why;vd;d?

fUg;Gepwvy;iyf;Nfhl;bw;FntspNacs;s gFjp– xl;Lg;gyif

jw;fhypf,lkhfgad;gLj;jyhk;

6)Ng[;Nkf;fh;gl;bg;gl;ilgw;wpvOJf

gl;bg;gl;ilapy;File,Edit,Layout,Type,View,Windows,HelpMfpagl;bfisf;nfhz;Ls;sJ.

gl;biafpspf;nra;jhy;gyfl;lis>Jizgl;bay;nfhz;lfPo;tphpgl;bay;jpwf;fg;gLk;.

7)vypg;];̂y;kw;Wk;vypg;];gpNuk;̂y;NtWgLj;Jf.

vypg;];̂y; vypg;];gpNuk;̂y;

ePs;tl;lk;rhjhuz epiyapy;fhzg;gLk; ePs;tl;lk;XFwpapl;ltbtj;jpy;fhl;lg;gLk;

tl;lk;kw;Wk;ePs;tl;lk;tiua ciukw;Wk;tiufiyiaitf;fePs;tl;lj;jpy;

itf;f

8)ciugjpg;gjpj;jy;vd;why;vd;d?

Mtzj;jpy;cs;sciuiakhw;wk;nra;tJ-ciugjpg;gpj;jy;

9)ciuj;njhFjpvd;why;vd;d?

jl;lr;Rnra;jciuNah(m)xl;baciuNah(,)NtWMtzj;jpypUe;Jnfhz;Lte;jciuNah

nfhz;bUg;gJ– ciuj;njhFjpMFk;.

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10)njhlh;Gs;sciuj;njhFjpvd;why;vd;d?

xUciuj;njhFjpiakw;nwhUciuj;njhFjpAld;,izf;fNth(m)njhlh;GgLj;jNthKbAk;.

,t;thWnjhlh;GgLj;jg;gLtJ njhlh;Gs;sciuj;njhFjpMFk;.

11)njhlh;Gs;sciuvd;why;vd;d ?

ciuj;njhFjpfSf;F,ilNacs;sciuia,izf;Fk;nray;Kiw-njhlh;Gs;sciuMFk;.

12)Ng[;Nkf;fhpy;Gjpagf;fj;ijnrUFjy;

top1:-fpspf;:Layout->Insertpages

top2:-Njhd;Wk;InsertPageciuahly;ngl;bapy;Nrh;f;Fk;gf;fj;jpd;vz;zpf;ifianfhLj;Jinsert

nghj;jhid mOj;jNtz;Lk;.

3-kjpg;ngz;

1)Ng[;Nkf;fh;vd;why;vd;d?gad;fisf;$Wf

gf;ftbtikg;Gnkd;nghUs;MFk;.

mr;rpLtjw;FVw;wtifapy;Mtzj;ijtbtikf;fcjTfpwJ

gad;fs;:

rpwpaml;ilKjy;nghpaGj;jfk;tiutbtikf;fgad;gLfpwJ

tiufiyglj;ijve;j,lj;jpYk;itf;fyhk;.

2)Ng[;Nkf;fhpy;cs;s%d;WfUtpkw;Wk;tpirg;gyifFWf;Ftop

fUtpfs;: tpirg;gyifFWf;Ftop

PointetTool F9

LineTool Shift+F3

RectangleTool Shift+F4

3)Ng[;Nkf;fhpy;cs;s%d;WfUtpkw;Wk;FWk;glk;gad;fs;

PointerTool–ciukw;Wk;tiufiyglj;ijNjh;e;njLf;fcjTk;.

TextTool– ciuiacs;splNjh;e;njLf;fcjTk;.

LineTool– Neh;Nfhl;bidtiuacjTk;.

T

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4)gphpf;fg;gl;lciuj;njhFjpiakPz;Lk;Nrh;j;jy;

top1:-nrUFk;Gs;spia,uz;lhtJciuapd;fPo;g;gf;fj;jpy;cs;sifg;gpbapy;fpspf;nra;JNky;Nehf;fp,Of;fNtz;Lk;.

top2:-nrUFk;Gs;spiaKjy;ciuj;njhFjpapd;fPo;g;gf;fgpbapy;fpspf;nra;JfPo;Nehf;fp,Oj;jhy;,uz;Lciuj;njhFjpfSk;xd;whfNrh;f;fg;gLk;.

5)ciucs;srl;lq;fisvt;thW,izg;gha;?

rl;lj;jpw;fhdfUtpiag;gad;gLj;jp,uz;lhtJrl;lk;tiuaNtz;Lk;

Kjy;rl;lj;jpy;fPo;gf;fifg;gpbapy;cs;srptg;GKf;Nfhzj;ijfpspf;nra;aNtz;Lk;.

gpd;,uz;lhtJrl;lj;ijfpspf;nra;jhy;ciuahdJ,uz;lhtJrl;lj;jpy;tphpAk;

6)kh];lh;gf;fj;jpd;gad;fs;

kh];lh;gf;fj;jpy;itf;fg;gLk;ve;jxUnghUSk;Mtzj;jpd;midj;Jgf;fq;fspYk;Njhd;Wk;

kh];lh;gf;fj;jpy;nra;ag;gLk;xUkhw;wk;Mtzj;jpd;midj;Jgf;fq;fspYk;khw;wkhFk;

kh];lh;gf;fkhdJgf;fvz;>jiyg;Gkw;Wk;mbf;Fwpg;Gnfhz;bUf;Fk;

7)kh];lh;gf;fj;jpy;gf;fvz;izr;Nrh;j;jy;

MasterPagegzpf;Fwpiafpspf;nra;J>Texttool-iagad;gLj;jpmasterpageDs;fpspf;nra;a

Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fGFj;JtJ,lJgf;fkh/tyJgf;fkhvd;gijNjh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

Ctrl+Alt+Pgzpf;Fwpiafpspf;nra;aNtz;Lk;.

5-kjpg;ngz;

1)Ng[;Nkf;fh;fUtpg;ngl;bapy;cs;sfUtpfistpthp

ciukw;Wk;tiufiyglj;ijNjh;e;njLf;f>efh;j;j>msitkhw;wcjTk;

ciuiacs;spl>Njh;e;njLf;fcjTk;

nghUisNjh;e;njLf;fkw;Wk;Row;wcjTk;

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tiufiyiaxOq;fikf;fcjTk;

Neh;NfhLtiuacjTk;

fpilkl;lkw;Wk;nrq;Fj;JNfhLtiuacjTk;

rJuk;kw;Wk;nrt;tfk;tiuacjTk;

tl;lk;>ePs;tl;lk;tiuacjTk;

gyNfhzq;fs;tiuacjTk;

2)rl;lj;jpy;ciuiaitj;jy;tpthp

gb1:fUtpg;ngl;bapy;ePs;tl;lfUtpiaNjh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

gb2:vypg;];̂iyg;gad;gLj;jpePs;tl;lrl;lj;ijtiuaNtz;Lk;.

gb3:gl;bg;gl;ilapy;File->Placeiaf;fpspf;nra;aNtz;Lk;

gb4:Njhd;Wk;Placeciuahly;ngl;bapy;nrUfNtz;baNfhg;igNjh;Tnra;JOknghj;jhid

mOj;jNtz;Lk;

gb5:,g;NghJePs;tl;lrl;lj;jpy;ciuahdJ nrUfg;gl;LtpLk;

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3)ciuj;njhFjpapy;cs;sciuiarl;lj;jpw;Fkhw;Wjy;

gb1:fUtpg;ngl;bapy;vypg;];gpNuk;fUtpiaNjh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

gb2:vypg;];̂iyg;gad;gLj;jpePs;tl;lrl;lj;ijtiuaNtz;Lk;.

gb3:rl;lj;jpw;Fs;nrUfNtz;baciuiaj;Njh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

gb4:ShifttpiriamOj;jpf;nfhz;Lrl;lj;ijNjh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

gb5:,g;NghJgl;bg;gl;ilapy;Element->Frame->AttachContentvd;gijf;fpspf;nra;jhy;ciuahdJ

rl;lj;jpy;nrUfg;gLk;.

4)ghypfhd;̂iyg;gad;gLj;jpel;rj;jpuk;tiujy;

gb1:fUtpg;ngl;bapy;ghypfhd;fUtpiaNjh;Tnra;aNtz;Lk;.

gb2:ghypfhd;̂iyg;gad;gLj;jpgyNfhzj;ijtiuaNtz;Lk;.

gb3:gl;bg;gl;ilapy;Element->Polygon->settingvd;gijf;fpspf;nra;jhy;Polygonsettingciuahly;ngl;b

Njhd;Wk;

gb4:Numberofsidesvd;gjpy;5vd;wkjpg;igAk;>Starinsety;50%iaAk;cs;splNtz;Lk;.

gb5:OKnghj;jhidmOj;jpdhy;>jpiuapy;el;rj;jpuk;Njhd;Wk;.

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ghlk; -3 juTjs Nkyhz;ik mikg;G

2-kjpg;ngz;

1) juT khjphpia tiuaW kw;Wk; tifia vOJf

தர�மாத�ரி தர��இைடய�லானஉறைவ�கா��க�ற�.tiffs;:

o gbepiy juTjs khjphp

o tiyaikg;G khjphp

o cwTepiy khjphp

o nghUs; rhh;e;j juTjs khjphp

2) Nfhg;G nrayhf;f Kiwapd; FiwghLfs;:- Data Duplication High maintenance – (High cost) Less security

3) xw;iw kw;Wk; gy kjpg;G gz;Gf;$Wfisg; gl;baypLfxw;iw kjpg;G gz;Gf;$W gy kjpg;G gz;Gf;$W

gz;Gf;$W kjpg;G gz;Gf;$W kjpg;G

AGE 15 DEGREE BSC,MSC

ROLLNO 100 BANK SBI,BOB,IOB

4) ,uz;L DDL kw;Wk; DML fl;lisfspd; mikg;G kw;Wk; v.fhDDL :-

CREATE : -njhlhpay; : - CREATE DATABASE databasename ;v.fh : - CREATE DATABASE student ;

USE : -njhlhpay; : - USE databasename ;v.fh : - USE student ;

DML :-INSERT : -njhlhpay; : - INSERT INTO table_name (column1 , column2 , column3 , ...)

VALUES (value1 , value2 , value3 , ...);

v.fh : - INSERT INTO Customers (Regno, mark)VALUES ('123', '90');

DELETE : -njhlhpay; : - DELETE FROM table_name WHERE condition ;v.fh : - DELETE FROM mark WHERE stable=’60’;

5) ACID gz;Gfs;:-

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ATOMICITY

CONSISTENCY

ISOLATION

DURABILITY

6 ) ve;jf; fl;lisiag; gad;gLj;jp epue;ju khw;wj;ij ghpth;j;jidapy; cUthf;f KbAk;SELECT fl;lisiag; gad;gLj;jp epue;ju khw;wj;ij ghpth;j;jidapy; cUthf;f KbAk;

7) SQL gw;wp vOJf SQL – STRUCTURE QUERY LANGUAGE tpdty; mikg;G nkhop (m) rpwg;G tpdty; nkhop MFk;;. juTjsk; ,y;iy> juTjsj;ij mZfg; gad;gLk; nkhop MFk;.

8) MYSQL gw;wp vOJf

juTjs Nkyhz;ik mikg;G – fl;likf;fg;gl;l juTfspd; njhFjp juTfis Nkyhz;ik nra;a mDkjpf;f jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; MFk;.

9) juTjsq;fSf;F ,ilNa epyTk; cwTepiy vd;gJ ahJ? mjd; tiffs;

juTjsq;fSf;F ,ilNa epyTk; cwTepiy vd;gJ juTfis cwtpd; mbg;gilapy;njhlh;GgLj;Jjy;

tiffs;:

gbepiyjuTjs khjphp

tiyaikg;G juTjs khjphp

cwTepiy khjphp

nghUs;rhh;e;j juTjs khjphp

10) cwTepiyj; juTjsj;jpd; rpy ed;ikfs;

cwtpd; mbg;gilapy; > juTfis vspjhf njhlh;GgLj;j cjTk;.

mjpf cwTepiy tiffis vspjpy; ifahSjy;> juT xUikg;ghL

xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l ml;ltizfspy; Ntiy nra;jy;

3-kjpg;ngz;

1. juTjs Nkyhz;ik mikg;gpd; ghpzhk tsh;r;rp

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2) juTjsq;fSf;F ,ilNa epyTk; cwTepiy vd;gJ ahJ – tiffs;

juTjsq;fSf;F ,ilNa epyTk; cwTepiy vd;gJ njhlh;Gs;s ml;ltizfSf;F ,ilapy; juitcwTepiy nfhz;L njhlh;GgLj;Jjy; MFk;.

tiffs;: One-to-One Relationships

One-to-Many Relationships

Many-to-Many Relationships

3) juTjs Nkyhz;ik mikg;gpd; fhh;bdhypl;b gw;wp vOJf.கா��ன�� எ�ப� தர��தளஅ�டவைணய��ஒ��ற��ப��ட ெந�வரிைசய��

(ப��) உ�ளதர� மத��களி� தனி��வ�ைத��ற��க�ற�tiffs;:

o High-cardinality

o Normal-cardinality

o Low-cardinality

4 ) MYSQL gadUf;F gad;gLk; 5 rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

CREATE – Gjpa ml;ltizia cUthf;f cjTfpwJSELECT– ml;ltizapypUe;J thpiria Njh;e;njLj;J fhl;l cjTk;.UPDATE– ml;ltizapd; thpiria GJg;gpf;f cjTfpwJ.DELETE– ml;ltizapypUe;J thpiria ePf;f cjTk;.

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INSERT– ml;ltiz ,ilapy; Gjpa thpiria Nrh;f;f cjTk;.

5) KOjuTjsj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;j> DBA My; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; rpy fl;lisfs;

o Use Database : - gzp nra;tjw;fhd juTjsj;ij Njh;T cjTk;

o Show Database : -midj;J juTjsq;fisAk; fhl;Lk;.

o Show Table : - gzp nra;J nfhz;bUf;Fk; ml;ltizia kl;Lk; fhl;Lk;

o5-kjpg;ngz;

2 ) nghUj;jkhd vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; E-R khjphpapd; mbg;gilf; fUj;Jf;fis gl;baypLf.

E-R khjphpapd; mbg;gilf; fUj;Jf;fs;:

cUg;nghUs; my;yJ cUg;nghUs; tif

gz;Gf;$Wfs;

cwTepiy

cUg;nghUs; my;yJ cUg;nghUs; tif :-

cUg;nghUs; :- xU rhjhuz kdpjDk; milahsk; fhzf;$ba ep[ cyfg;nghUs; (m)

mirT+l;lyhf ,Uf;fyhk;.

(nrt;tf tbtg;ngl;b cUg;nghUisf; Fwpf;Fk;)

cUg;nghUs; tif :-

cWjpahd cUg;nghUs; : cUg;nghUs;> cWjpahd cUg;nghUshf cs;sJ.

Roll No, REg NoMfpa ,uz;Lk; xd;whf ,Uf;f KbahJ

cWjpaw;w cUg;nghUs; : kw;w cUg;nghUisr; rhh;e;Js;sJ.

Kjd;ikj;jpwT Nfhiyg; ngw;wpUf;ftpy;iy

cUg;nghUs; cjhuzq;fs; : cjhuzq;fs; = cUg;nghUspd; kjpg;Gfs;

eha;> G+id>khL Mfpait tpyq;fpd; kjpg;Gfs;

gz;Gf;$Wfs; :-

cUg;nghUs; gw;wp jfty;fs; MFk;.

cUg;nghUis

tpthpj;jy;>

Employee Manager

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mstpLjy;>

jFjpahf;Fjy;>

tifg;gLj;Jjy; kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpLjy;

Nghd;wtw;iwr; nra;fpwJ.

gz;Gf;$W tiffs; :-

jpwTNfhy; gz;Gf;$W (jdpj;jd;ik gz;ig tpsf;Fk;)

vspa gz;Gf;$W (gz;Gisg; gphpf;fKbahJ-xw;iw kjpg;Ng ,Uf;fFk;)

fyg;G gz;Gf;$W (mh;j;jq;fis khw;whky; vspa gz;Gf;$whf gphpf;f KbAk;)

xw;iw kjpg;Gila gz;Gf;$W (xU kjpg;ig kl;LNk nfhz;lJ)

gy kjpg;Gila gz;Gf;$W ( xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l kjpg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ)

cwTepiy tiffs; :-

,uz;L cUg;nghUs;fSf;F milapy; cwTepiyiaf; nfhLf;fpwJ.

%d;W $Wfisf; nfhz;Ls;sJ.

1. One-to-One Relationships

2. One-to-Many Relationships

3. Many-to-Many Relationships

3) DBMS-y; cs;s gz;Gf;$Wfs; :

jpwTNfhy; gz;Gf;$W (jdpj;jd;ik gz;ig tpsf;Fk;)

vspa gz;Gf;$W (gz;Gisg; gphpf;fKbahJ-xw;iw kjpg;Ng ,Uf;fFk;)

fyg;G gz;Gf;$W (mh;j;jq;fis khw;whky; vspa gz;Gf;$whf gphpf;f KbAk;)

xw;iw kjpg;Gila gz;Gf;$W (xU kjpg;ig kl;LNk nfhz;lJ)

gy kjpg;Gila gz;Gf;$W ( xd;Wf;F Nkw;gl;l kjpg;Gfisf; nfhz;lJ)

4 ) MYSQL Nkyhz;ik mikg;gpy; cs;s jpwe;j %y nkd;nghUs; fUtpfs; :

PHPMYADMIN fUtp :-

eph;thff;fUtp = php y; vOjg;gl;l tiyg;gad;ghlhFk;.

CSV tpypUe;J juTfis jUtpj;jy; kw;Wk; juTfis gy;NtW tbtikg;gpy; toq;f cjTfpwJ.

rpf;fyhd tpdty;fis vspikahf;f cjTfpwJ.

MYSQL Work Bench :-

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epuyh;fs; kw;Wk; DBA thy; fhl;rpgLj;jYf;F gad;gLj;jg;gLk; juTjs fUtp MFk;.

fhg;G gpujp vLf;f cjTfpwJ

SQL gjpg;ghsh;fSf;F nefpo;Tj;jd;ikia toq;FfpwJ.

HEIDISQL :-

rpwe;j juTjs mikg;Gfspd;> eph;thfj;jpy; cjTfpwJ.

Nritaf ,izg;G> ml;ltiz> fhl;rp J}z;Ljy;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;fhdGUI rpwg;G mk;rq;fis Mjhpf;fpwJ.

5) SQL fl;lisfis tpsf;Ff

SQL-DDL (DATA DEFINITION LANGUAGE):-

juTjs jpl;lj;ij tiuaWf;fTk;>

juTjs nghUspd; fl;likg;ig cUthf;f kw;Wk; khw;wk; nra;aTk; gad;gLfpwJ.

fl;lisfs; :

Create : juTjsk;/ml;ltiz cUthf;f gad;gLk;

Alter : Vw;fdNt cs;s juTjsk;/ml;ltiz fl;likg;ig khw;w cjTk;

Drop : juTjsk;/ml;ltiz ePf;f gad;gLk;

Rename : Vw;fdNt cs;s juTjsk;/ml;ltiz ngaiu khw;w cjTk;

Truncate :ml;ltizapy; cs;s midj;Jg; gjpTfisAk; ePf;f cjTk;.

SQL-DML (DATA MANIPULATION LANGUAGE):-

SQL fl;lisfs; %yk; juTjsj;jpy; cs;s juTfisf; ifahs cjTfpwJ.

fl;lisfs; :

Insert : juTjs ml;ltizapy; Gjpa thpiria cUthf;f gad;gLk;

Update : Vw;fdNt cs;s juTjs ml;ltizapd; gjpit khw;w cjTk;

Delete : ml;ltizapypUe;J gjpit ePf;f gad;gLk;

SQL-DQL (DATA QUERY LANGUAGE):-

SELECT fl;lisfs; %yk; jutjsj;jpy; ,Ue;J juit kPl;Lf;f cjTfpwJ.

SQL-TCL (TRANSACTION CONTROL LANGUAGE):-

juTjs ghpth;j;jidfis eph;tfpf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

fl;lisfs; :

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Commit : juTjsj;jpy; epue;jukhf juit Nrkpf;f gad;gLk;

ROLLBACK: filrp Commit fl;lisapypUe;J mry; tbtj;ij kPl;nlLf;Fk;.

SavePoint : ghptj;jidfis jw;fhypfkhf Nrkpj;J itf;f cjTk;.

SQL-DCL (DATA CONTROL LANGUAGE):-

fl;lisfs; :

GRANT : juTjsg; nghUs;fshd ml;ltiz>ghh;it Nghd;wtw;iw mZf Fwpg;gpl;l

gadUf;F mDkjp toq;Fk;.

REVOKE: juTjsg; nghUs;fshd ml;liz>ghh;it Nghd;wtw;iw Fwpg;gpl;l

gadhplkpUe;J jpUk;gg; ngw cjTk;.

1) juTjs Nkyhz;ik mikg;gpy; cs;s gy;NtW juTjs khjphpfs;

tiffs;:

gbepiyjuTjs khjphp

tiyaikg;G juTjs khjphp

cwTepiy khjphp

nghUs;rhh;e;j juTjs khjphp

gbepiyjuTjs khjphp

gjpTfs; - ngw;Nwhh; - Foe;ij cwTepiy Nghy; ,Uf;Fk;.

- kuf;fpis Nghd;w mikg;gpy; gl;bayplg;gLk;.

epiw :- jpwikahd Njly;> juT xUq;fpizg;G kw;Wk; juT ghJfhg;G

Fiw :- gycwTepiyj; juTjsq;fis ifahStjpy; rpf;fy; kw;Wk; fbdk;

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glk;:

tiyaikg;G juTjs khjphp

vspaKiwapy; > %d;W juTjsf; $Wfisf; nfhz;L> juTfisf; ifahs cjTfpwJ.

1) tiyaikg;Gj;jpl;lk;> 2) Jizj;jpl;lk; 3) juT Nkyhz;ikf;fhd nkhop

glk;:

class

XII-A

XII-B

XII-C

B G

SCHOOL

SCHOOL LIBRARYCLASS-XII-A

STUDENT

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cwTepiy khjphp

rhd;WU kw;Wk; jpl;lk; Mfpa nrhw;fshy; tiuaWf;fg;gLfpwJ

ORACLE, DB2Mfpait jw;NghJ cs;s cwTepiy khjphpfs;

glk; : -

nghUs; rhh;e;j juTjs khjphp

nghUs; Nehf;F epuyhf;f fUj;JUf;fs; kw;Wk; juTjs njhopy;El;gq;fis gpizj;Jcs;slf;fpaJ>

nghUs; vd;w ngahpy; kPz;Lk; nray;gLj;j mDkjpf;Fk;.

rpf;fyhd gz;Gfs; OOP’s ia gad;gLj;jp ifahSfpwJ.

glk;:

Member

Id: int

Name: string

Email: string

Member Group

Member-id:int

Group-id: int

Group

Id:int

Relational Database

Name SalaryAge Govt-Govt

Teacher School dept

St-

St-no

Works

Iives

CPS

GPF

Address

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zip

city

stateOrders Account

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ghlk; - 4 kPciu Kd;nrayp (PHP)

1. PHP nghJthd gad;ghL :

PHP fzpdp nray;ghLfisr; nra;fpwJ. mjhtJ fzpdpapy; cs;s Nfhg;Gfis mikf;fTk;>jpwf;fTk;> gbf;fTk;> vOjTk; nra;fpwJ.

Nfhg;GfspypUe;J juTfis Nrfhpf;fTk;> Nrkpf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ.

Ff;fP]; khwpfis ifahsTk;> mikf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ.

2. tiyNritafk; vd;why; vd;d?gadh;fSf;F tiy gf;fj;ij cUthf;Fk; Nfhg;Gfis toq;f> gad;gLj;Jk; Xh; nkd;nghUs; MFk;.

3. ];fphpg; nkhopfspd; tiffs;Microsoft ASP (ACTIVE SERVER PAGES)JSP –JAVA SCRIPT PROGRAMMINGPHP-HYPERTEXT PREPROCESSOR

4. fpisd;l; kw;Wk; Nritak; NtWgLj;Jf.ேசைவயக� க�ைளய��

ேசைவயக� எ�ப� பல

வா��ைகயாள�க��கானஇைண��

��ளியா��, அ�அவ�களி� ேகாரி�ைககைள

ைகயா��.

க�ைளய�� எ�ப�

ெசய�கைள� ெச�ய ேசைவயக��ட�

இைண��ெம�ெபா��.

க�ைளய�� ந�ர�� ேகாரி�ைககைள

ெசயலா��க�ற�

க�ைளய�� ஒ� பயன�இைட�க�ைத வழ��க�ற�,

பயன�கைள , ெசய�கைள� ெச�யஅ�மத��க�ற�.

5. tiycytpfSf;F v.fh jUf. Internet Explorer Netscape Navigator Google chrome Firebox

6. URL vd;why; vd;d URL vd;gJ UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR ,izaj;jpy; Fwpg;gpl;l tiyg;gf;fj;jpd; my;yJ Nfhg;gpd; Kfthp

7. PHP vOj;Jtif czh;T nfhz;l nkhopah?Mk;. vOj;Jtif czh;T nfhz;l nkhopvLj;Jf;fhl;lhf $a; ,$A; vd;gjpy; a,A ntt;NtW tif khwp.

8. URL y; khwpfis vt;thW mwptpf;f Ntz;Lk; ? khwpapd; ngah; vg;nghJk; $ Fwp nfhz;L njhlq;f Ntz;Lk;. khwp vOj;Jtbt czh;T nfhz;lJ. v.fh: $a; ,$A;

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9) fpisd;l; Nritaf fl;likg;G – tiuaWfpisd;l; vd;w miof;fg;gLk; kw;w epuy;fs; (m) rhjdq;fspd; nray;jpwid toq;Fk; xUfzpf;nghwp - fpisd;l; Nritaf fl;likg;G MFk;.

10) tiy Nritafk; tiuaW

gadh;fSf;F tiy gf;fj;ij cUthf;Fk; Nfhg;Gfis toq;f> gad;gLj;Jk; Xh; nkd;nghUs; - tiyNritafk; MFk;.

3 Mark Questions

1) Nritaf gf;f ];fphpg;bq; nkhopfspd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs;

vy;yh ciugjpg;gpj;jy;fspy; vspjhf epuiy cUthf;fTk;>gjpg;gpf;fTk; KbAk;.

rpy gbepiyapNyNa rpf;fyhd gzpia nra;J Kbf;f KbAk;.

fw;Wf; nfhs;tJk;> gad;gLj;Jtk; vspaJ.

2) tiyNritafj;jpd; gad;fs;

tiyj;jsj;ij HOST nra;a cjTk;

juT Nrkpg;G nra;a cjTk;.

HTML Mtzj;ij toq;f cjTk;.

3) tiyNritafg; gf;fk; kw;Wk; fpisd;l; gf;fk; NtWghL

tiyNritafg; gf;fk; fpisd;l; gf;fk;

Webserver%yk; ];fphpl; nkhop RUN nra;ag;gLk;. Browser%yk; ];fphpl; nkhop RUN nra;ag;gLk;.

gadh; fl;lisia khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;L DynamicHTML gf;fkhf cUthf;fg;gLk;.

];fphpl; NfhlhdJ khw;wg;gLk; gadh;fzpg;nghwpf;F mDg;gg;gLk;

Neuj;ij jdpg;gadhf;Fk; Ntfkhd Neuk;

4) vj;jid topfspy; PHPFwpKiwfis HTML gf;fj;jpy; GFj;j KbAk;.2-topfspy; PHPFwpKiwfis HTML gf;fj;jpy; GFj;j KbAk;.

Get topKiw : URLKfthp topahf GetKiw nfhz;L cs;sPl;Lj; jutpid Nritafj;jpw;F mDg;G KbAk;.,J tpdty; ruk; MFk;.

cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;l juit SUBMIT nra;j gpwFk; ghh;f;fyhk;.Post topKiw :

Post topKiw %yk; Nritafj;jpw;F mDg;gg;gLk; cs;sPl;Lj;juT> HTTP RequestNfhhpf;ifia clw;gFjpapy; Nrh;f;Fk;.

5) PHP,af;fpfs;

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fzpj nraw;Fwpfs; (+,-,*,/.%)

kjpg;gpUj;J nraw;Fwpfs; (=)

xg;gpl;L nraw;Fwpfs; (<,<=,>.>=.==>===)

kpFg;G/Fiwg;G nraw;Fwpfs; (++.--)

jUf;f nraw;Fwpfs; (AND,OR,NOT,XOR)

ciu nraw;Fwpfs; (. , .=)

5 – kjpg;ngz;

1) tiy Nritafg;gf;fk; kw;Wk; fpisd;l; gf;fk; ];fphpg;l; nkhopia tpsf;Fjy;

Nritafk; rhh;e;j ];fphpg;l; nkhop

ASP,JSP,PHP MdJ Nritafk; rhh;e;j ];fphpg;l; nkhop MFk;.

Xt;nthU gadhpd; Nfhhpf;iff;Fk; jdpg;gadhf;fg;gl;l gjpiy cUthf;FfpwJ.

FwpKiw KOikAk; fzpg;nghwpapy; epWtg;gl;Ls;s Nritafj;jpy; ,af;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

HTML FwpKiw cUthf;fp gadUf;F mDg;GfpwJ

PHPMdJ OOPS d; midj;J rpwg;G mk;r nghUj;jq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;Fk;.

fpisd;l; gf;fk; ];fphpg;l; nkhop

fpisd;l; gf;f cs;slf;fkhdJ gadhpd; Nyhf;fy; fzpg;nghwpapy; cUthf;fg;gLfpwJ.

tiyg;gf;fj;jpw;Fs; cs;sPl;Lf;fUtpfs; %yk; Vw;gLj;jg;gLk; nray;fSf;F gjpy;

mspf;Fk; tpjkhf khw;wg;gLfpwJ.

Fwpg;gpl;l Neu epfo;Tfspy; ,ilKf elj;ijia khw;WfpwJ.

Javascript, VB ScriptMdJ fpisd;l; rhh;e;j ];fphpg;l; nkhop MFk;.

2) tiyjsk; cUthf;Ftjpy; cs;s nray;Kiwfs;

1) Information Gathering, (Njitahd jftiy gy ,lq;fspypUe;J Nrfhpj;jy;)

2) Planning, (tiyj;jsk; vg;gb ,aq;f Ntz;Lk; vd;w jpl;lgzp Ntz;Lk;)

3) Design, (tiyj;jsk; vg;gb ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;W tbtikg;G nra;a Ntz;Lk;)

4) Content Writing and Assembly, (Njitahd nghUslf;fj;ij Njh;T nra;J xUq;fpizj;jy;)

5) Coding, (tiyj;jsj;ij cUthf;Ftw;fhd FwpKiw vOJjy;)

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6) Testing, Review and Launch, (cUthf;fpa FwpKiwia rhpghh;j;J>xg;gpl;Lnra;J>,af;fj;jpw;F nfhz;L tUjy;)

7) Maintenance ( tiyj;jsj;ij ghuhkhpg;G nra;jy; Ntz;Lk;)

3) PHP juTtifia tpthp

String – xw;iw (m) ,ul;il Nkw;Nfhs; Fwpf;Fs; vOjg;gLk; vOj;Jf;fspd; njhFjp v.fh $a=”php”;

Integer – jrkGs;sp ,y;yhj juTtif v.fh $a=100;

Float – jrkGs;sp cld; $ba juTtif v.fh $a=100.50;

Boolean – True (or) False fhl;Lk; juTtif v.fh $a=true;

Array – xNu khwpapy; gy kjpg;Gfisf; nfhLj;jy; v.fh $a=array(“bus”,”car”,”van”);

Object - ,df;FOTf;F cs;Ns juT kw;Wk; nraw;$wpd; jftiyf; nfhz;bUf;Fk;

NULL – xNu xU kjpg;ig kl;Lk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;.

Resource – ntspg;Gw tsj;ij Fwpf;Fk; Fwpg;G khwp

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ghlk;-6epge;jidf;$w;Wf;fs;

2-kjpg;ngz;

1)epge;jid $w;iwtiuaW

epge;jidf;$w;Wfs;epuyhf;fnkhopapy;gy;NtWKbTfSf;FVw;ggy;NtWnray;ghLfisr;

nra;fpwJ

jPh;khdpg;G$w;Wf;fisvOjcjTfpwJ

tiffs;:if,if..else,if..elseif…else,switch

2)if$w;WtiuaW

xUFwpg;gpl;lepge;jidmbg;gilapy;>xd;W(m)mjw;FNkw;gl;l$w;Wf;fisnray;gLj;j

cjTk;

elsegFjptpLgl;bUf;Fk;.

njhlhpay;:

if(condition)

{Execute(s)ifconditionistrue;}

v.fh

<?php

$a=10;

$b=10;

if($a==$b)

{

echo“AandBareequal”;

}?>

3)if..else$w;WtiuaW

,Ukhw;Wtopfspy;xd;iwj;Njh;e;njLj;Jnray;gLj;jcjTk;.

epge;jidkjpg;Grhpvdpy;truegFjpAk;>jtWvdpy;elsey;cs;sfalsegFjpAk;nray;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:

if(condition)

{Execute(s)ifconditionistrue;}

else

{Execute(s)ifconditionisfalse;}

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v.fh

<?php

$a=10;

$b=10;

if($a>$b)

{echo“Avalueishigh”;}

else

{echo“Bvalueishigh”;}

?>

4)if..elseif…elsetiuaW

if..else$w;Wf;fspd;fyitMFk;.

xUepge;jidmbg;gilapy;$w;W(m)mLj;jepge;jid nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:

if(condition-1)

{executestatement(s)ifconditionistrue}

elseif(condition-2)

{Executestatement(s)ifcondition-2istrue}

else

{Executestatement(s)ifbothconditionisfalse}

v.fh

$a=10;

$b=20;

$c=30;

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if($a>$b)

{echo"AisHighvalue$a";}

elseif(($b>$c)&&($a>$c))

{echo"BisHighvalue$b";}

else

{echo"CisHighvalue$c";}

5)switchfl;lismikg;igvOJf

fpisgphpg;Gf;$w;W

xUkjpg;gpd;mbg;gilapy;nghUe;Jk;CASEianray;gLj;Jk;.

ve;jkjpg;Gk;nghUe;jhjNghJdefaulteilngWk;.

switch(n){caselabel1:codetobeexecutedifn-label1;break;caselabel2:codetobeexecutedifn-label2;break;caselabel3:codetobeexecutedifn-label3;break;……default:codetobeexecutedifnisdifferentfrom alllabels;}

v.fh:

switch(n){case1:echo“\nvalueisONE”;break;case2:echo“\nvalueisTWO”;break;case3:echo“\nvalueisTHREE”;break;default:echo“\nENTERVALUEONETOTHREE”;

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}www.Padasalai.Org

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ghlk;-7klf;Fmikg;G

2-kjpg;ngz;

1)klf;Ffl;likg;igtiuaW

gd;Kiwnray;ghLfisvOJtjw;Fgad;gLfpwJ

xUFwpKiwj;njhFjpiakPz;Lk;kPz;Lk;nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;(m)

xUFwpg;gpl;lepge;jidiamiltjw;Fk;gad;gLj;jg;gLtJMFk;.

4-tif:for,while,foreach,dowhile

2) Forklf;iftiuaW

gd;Kiwnray;ghl;bw;Fgad;gLfpwJ

klf;Fvj;jidKiwepiwNtw;wg;glNtz;Lk;vdj;njhpe;jpUe;jhy;kl;LNkgad;gLj;jKbAk;.

njhlhpay;:-

for(njhlf;fkjpg;G;Nrhjpg;Gepge;jid ;kpFg;G)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)

{

echo“Numberis”$i<br>”;

}

3)Foreachklf;iftiuaW

mzpf;fs;kw;Wk;nghUs;fspy;kl;LNkgd;Kiwnray;ghLfisnray;gLj;jcjTk;

fbkhd klf;Fmikg;GMFk;.

njhlhpay;:-

for($arrayas$value)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

seq=[18,20,22]

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foreachxofseq

printx

4)klf;Fmikg;Gfisgl;baypLf.

klf;Fmikg;G4tif:for,while,foreach,dowhile

5)Whileklf;Ffl;likg;igvOJf

Kjypy;epge;jidNrhjpf;fg;gLk;.gpd;Gclw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:-

while(conditionistrue)

{codetobeexecuted}

v.fh:

while($i<=0$n)

{echo“Thenumberis$i”;}

6)DoWhileklf;Ffl;likg;igvOJf

Kjypy;klf;fpd;clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.gpwFepge;jid rhp(m)jtWvd rhpghh;f;fg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:-

do

{codetobeexecuted}

while(conditionistrue)

v.fh:

do

{echo“Thenumberis$i”;}

while($i<=0$n)

7)Forklf;F kw;Wk;foreachklf;Fxg;gpLf

Forklf;F foreachklf;F

FwpKiwj;njhFjpiaFwpg;gpl;ljlitfs;

nray;gLj;jcjTk;

mzpfspy;gd;Kiwianray;gLj;jcjTk;

njhlh;r;rpahd kjpg;ignghWj;jJ ,iz kjpg;ignghWj;jJ

8)Foreachklf;fpd;gad;

mzpf;fs;kw;Wk;nghUs;fspy;kl;LNkgd;Kiwnray;ghLfisnray;gLj;jcjTk;

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klf;fpd;Row;rpahdJ>mzpapy;cs;sxt;nthUjpwtpd;>,iz kjpg;igg;nghWj;Jnray;gLj;Jk;.

3-kjpg;ngz;

1)klf;Fmikg;gpd;rpwg;gpay;Gfs;(gad;fs;)

klf;fhdJFwpg;gpl;lepge;jidcz;ikahFk;tiunjhle;Jnray;gLj;jcjTfpwJ

xUepge;jidmbg;gilapy;gd;Kiwnray;ghl;ilepfo;j;Jk;

FwpKiwapd;,lj;jpw;Nfw;why;Nghy;klf;Ftifiagad;gLj;jyhk;.

2)Foreachklf;F kw;Wk;dowhileklf;FNtWghL

Foreachklf;F dowhileklf;F

mzpfspy;gd;Kiwianray;gLj;jcjTk; FwpKiwj;njhFjpiaFwpg;gpl;ljlitfs;

nray;gLj;jcjTk;

,iz kjpg;ignghWj;jJ njhlh;r;rpahd kjpg;ignghWj;jJ

mzpapy;nfhLf;fg;gLk;kjpg;igmLj;jLj;J

vLj;Jf;nfhs;Sk;

epge;jidiaNrhjpj;J>rhpvdpy;kPz;Lk;

$w;iwnray;gLj;Jk;.

3)whileklf;F kw;Wk;dowhileklf;FNtWghL

whileklf;F dowhileklf;F

Kjypy;epge;jidrhpghh;f;fg;gLk;.gpd;G

clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;

Kjypy;clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.gpd;G

epge;jid nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

epge;jidkjpg;Grhpvdpy;jhd;>clw;gFjp

nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

epge;jid kjpg;Grhpvdpy;jhd;>clw;gFjp

kPz;Lk;nray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

epge;jidkjpg;GjtWvdpy;>clw;gFjpxUKiw

$lnray;gLj;jg;glkhl;lhJ.

epge;jid kjpg;GjtWvdpy;>clw;gFjpxUKiw

nray;gLj;jg;gl;Lfl;Lg;ghLklf;iftpl;L

ntspNaWk;

5-kjpg;ngz;

1)klf;Ffl;likg;igtpthp

gd;Kiwnray;ghLfisvOJtjw;Fgad;gLfpwJ

xUFwpKiwj;njhFjpiakPz;Lk;kPz;Lk;nray;gLj;Jtjw;Fk;(m)

xUFwpg;gpl;lepge;jidiamiltjw;Fk;gad;gLj;jg;gLtJMFk;.

4-tif:for,while,foreach,dowhile

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Forklf;iftiuaW

gd;Kiwnray;ghl;bw;Fgad;gLfpwJ

klf;Fvj;jidKiwepiwNtw;wg;glNtz;Lk;vdj;njhpe;jpUe;jhy;kl;LNkgad;gLj;jKbAk;.

njhlhpay;:-

for(njhlf;fkjpg;G;Nrhjpg;Gepge;jid ;kpFg;G)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)

{

echo“Numberis”$i<br>”;

}

Foreachklf;iftiuaW

mzpf;fs;kw;Wk;nghUs;fspy;kl;LNkgd;Kiwnray;ghLfisnray;gLj;jcjTk;

fbkhd klf;Fmikg;GMFk;.

njhlhpay;:-

for($arrayas$value)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

seq=[18,20,22]

foreachxofseq

printx

Whileklf;Ffl;likg;igvOJf

Kjypy;epge;jidNrhjpf;fg;gLk;.gpd;Gclw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:-

while(conditionistrue)

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{codetobeexecuted}

v.fh:

while($i<=$n)

{echo“Thenumberis$i”;}

DoWhileklf;Ffl;likg;igvOJf

Kjypy;klf;fpd;clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.gpwFepge;jid rhp(m)jtWvd rhpghh;f;fg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:-

do

{codetobeexecuted}

while(conditionistrue)

v.fh:

do

{echo“Thenumberis$i”;}

while($i<=$n)

2)Foreachklf;iftpthp(klf;Fmikg;gpy;cs;smzpgw;wpvOJf)

mzpf;fs;kw;Wk;nghUs;fspy;kl;LNkgd;Kiwnray;ghLfisnray;gLj;jcjTk;

fbkhdklf;Fmikg;GMFk;.

klf;fpd;Row;rpahdJ>mzpapy;cs;sxt;nthUjpwT>,iz kjpg;ignghWj;jhFk;.

elg;Gmzp>cWg;gpd;kjpg;G$valudetpy;,Uj;JfpwJ

njhlhpay;:-

for($arrayas$value)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

seq=[18,20,22]

foreachxofseq

printx

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Nkw;fz;lvLj;Jf;fhl;by;>

Seqy;kjpg;ghdJ[18,20,22]y;,Uj;jg;gl;Ls;sJ

foreachklf;Fnray;gLk;NghJxt;nthUkjpg;Gk;,izkjpg;ghfvLf;fg;gl;Lx-y;

,Uj;jg;gLk;.

klf;fpy;>x-MdJ ,Uj;jg;gLk;xt;nthUkjpg;igAk;jpiuapy;ntspaPlhfmspf;fpwJ.

ntspaPL:18,20,22

3)DoWhileklf;Ffl;likg;igvOJf

Kjypy;klf;fpd;clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gLk;.gpwFepge;jid rhp(m)jtWvd rhpghh;f;fg;gLk;.

njhlhpay;:-

do

{codetobeexecuted}

while(conditionistrue)

v.fh:

do

{echo“Thenumberis$i”;}

while($i<=$n)

Nkw;fz;lvLj;Jf;fhl;by;>

Kjypy;echo“Thenumberis$i”;clw;gFjpahdJnray;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpil1vd;gJjpiuapy;fhl;Lk;.

gpd;G($i<=0$n)vd;wepge;jidNrhjpf;fg;gLfpwJ.

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epge;jidkjpg;Grhpvdpy;kPz;Lk;clw;gFjpahdJnray;gLj;jg;gl;Ltpil2vd;gJjpiuapy;fhl;Lk;.

epge;jidkjpg;GjtWvdMFk;NghJfl;Lg;ghLklf;iftpl;LntspNaWk;.

4)Forklf;iftiuaW

gd;Kiwnray;ghl;bw;Fgad;gLfpwJ

klf;Fvj;jidKiwepiwNtw;wg;glNtz;Lk;vdj;njhpe;jpUe;jhy;kl;LNkgad;gLj;jKbAk;.

njhlhpay;:-

for(njhlf;fkjpg;G;Nrhjpg;Gepge;jid ;kpFg;G)

{

nray;ghl;Lj;njhFjp

}

v.fh:

for($i=0;$i<10;$i++)

{

echo“Numberis”$i<br>”;

}

Nkw;fz;lvLj;Jf;fhl;by;>

gb1:-klf;fhdJnjhlf;fkjpg;igf;nfhz;Lnjhlq;FfpwJ(($i=0)>ntspaPlhdJ1vd

ntspaplg;gLk;

gb2:-klf;Fnray;gl;lgpd;>epge;jidrhpghh;f;fg;gl;LkpFg;G%yk;kjpg;G1-kjpg;GkpFf;fg;gLfpwJ.

gb3:-kPz;Lk;clw;gFjpnray;gLj;jg;gl;LntspaPlhdJ2vd ntspaplg;gLk;

gb2kw;Wk;gb3MdJnjhlh;e;JjpUk;gjpUgk;nray;gLj;jg;gl;L>epge;jid jtWvd MFk;NghJ

fl;Lghl;ilklf;iftpl;LntspNaw;Wk;.

ntspaPL:1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9

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ghlk;-8gbtq;fs;kw;Wk;Nfhg;Gfs;

2-kjpg;ngz;tpdhtpil

1)HTMLgbtcWg;GfistiuaW

gbtcWg;gpd;Kf;fpaNehf;fk;gadhplkpUe;JjftiyNrfhpg;gjhFk;

gbtcWg;Gfs;: ciucs;sPL

nghj;jhd;fs;

Njh;Tg;ngl;b

NubNahnghj;jhd;

gbtxl;L

2)PHPapy;cs;sgbtj;jijifahSk;topKiwfs;

2– topKiwfs;1)POSTtopKiw2)GETtopKiw

3)PHPgbtj;ijnry;Ygbahf;Fjy;

cs;sPL nra;ag;gl;ljuTfisrhpghh;f;Fk;nray;-nry;Ygbahf;Fjy;MFk;.

2-tifnry;Ygbahf;Fjy;1)gadh;fzpg;nghwprhh;e;jnry;Ygbahf;Fjy;

2)Nritaff;fzpg;nghwprhh;e;jnry;Ygbahf;Fjy;

4)PHPnkhopiaMjhpf;Fk;HTMLcWg;Gfs;:

ciucs;sPL

nghj;jhd;fs;

Njh;Tg;ngl;b

NubNahnghj;(file,string,length);jhd;

gbtxl;L

5)HTMLciungl;bf;fhd njhlhpay;

njhlhpay;

<inputtype=“text”name=“name”>

v.fh: <inputtype=“text”name=”username”>

6)PHPgbtj;ijifahSjy;tpthp

gadh;>gbtcWg;Gfspy;cs;sPl;ilf;nfhLj;jgpd;SUBMITnghj;jhidf;fpspf;nra;aNtz;Lk;

kjpg;GxUq;fpizf;fg;gl;L POSTkw;Wk;GETtopKiw%yk;Nritafj;jpw;FmDg;gg;gLk;.

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7)HTMLBrowsenghj;jhd;tiuaW

Browsenghj;jhd;MdJNfhg;GNjh;e;njLf;fg;gl;lGyk;kw;Wk;Nfhg;GgjpNtw;wk;Mfpatw;iw

tiuaWf;fpwJ.

8)HTMLBrowsenghj;jhd;fl;lismikg;G

njhlhpay;

<inputtype=“file” id=“browse”>

v.fh: <inputtype=“file” id=”browse”name=”fileupload”>

9)ciug;ngl;b>ciugug;GNtWghL

10)Nfhg;Gjpwf;Fk;nraw;$wpd;gad;

Nritafj;jpypUe;JNfhg;igjpwf;fcjTfpwJ

1)Name2)ModeMfpa,uz;LmsGUf;fs;%yk;jpwf;fcjTfpwJ.

3-kjpg;ngz;tpdhtpil

1)gbtj;ijcUthf;Ftjpy;cs;srpwg;gk;rq;fs;

gadhplkpUe;JNjitahdcs;sPl;ilg;ngwcjTfpwJ

Postkw;wk;GettopKiw%yk;Nritafnrayhf;fk;eilngWfpwJ

tiyNritafj;jpy;gbtk;Kf;fpa,lj;ijf;nfhz;Ls;sJ

2)Postkw;wk;GettopKiwtpthp

GettopKiw:

URLKfthptopahfGetKiwnfhz;Lcs;sPl;Lj;jutpid Nritafj;jpw;FmDg;GKbAk;.

,Jtpdty;ruk;MFk;.

cs;sPLnra;ag;gl;ljuitSUBMITnra;jgpwFk;ghh;f;fyhk;.

PosttopKiw:

PosttopKiw%yk;Nritafj;jpw;FmDg;gg;gLk;cs;sPl;Lj;juT>HTTPRequest

Nfhhpf;ifiaclw;gFjpapy;Nrh;f;Fk;.

ciug;ngl;b ciugug;G

xUthpapy;ciuiacs;splyhk; gythpapy;ciuiacs;splyhk;

Fwpg;gpl;lciuiakl;Lk;cs;splKbAk; fhuzk;>Fwpg;GNghd;wciuiacs;splyhk;

Post Get

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3)Postkw;wk;GettopKiwNtWghL

4)gbtj;ijf;ifahSk;nraw;$Wfisg;gl;baypLf.

fopen()-Nritafj;jpy;cs;sNfhg;igjpwf;fcjTk;.

fread()-jpwe;Js;sNfhg;iggbf;fcjTk;

fclose()-jpwf;fg;gl;lxUNfhg;ig%Lk;

fwrite()-Nfhg;gpy;juitvOjcjTk;.

5-kjpg;ngz;tpdhtpil

1)gbtj;ijf;ifahSk;topKiwfistpthp

GettopKiw:

URLKfthptopahfGetKiwnfhz;Lcs;sPl;Lj;jutpid Nritafj;jpw;FmDg;gKbAk;.

,Jtpdty;ruk;MFk;.

cs;sPLnra;ag;gl;ljuitSUBMITnra;jgpwFk;ghh;f;fyhk;.

PosttopKiw:

PosttopKiw%yk;Nritafj;jpw;FmDg;gg;gLk;cs;sPl;Lj;juT>HTTPRequestNfhhpf;ifia

clw;gFjpapy;Nrh;f;Fk;.

Submitnghj;jhd;:

gadh;cs;sPl;bw;FgpwFSubmitnghj;jhidf;fpspf;nra;jhy;xUNfhhpf;ifcUthf;fg;gl;L

actiongz;G%yk;get(m)posttopKiwnfhz;LjftiyNritafj;jpw;FmDg;gg;gLk;.

Submitnra;jgpwFcs;sPl;Lj;juitfhz

KbahJ

Submitnra;jgpwFcs;sPl;Lj;juitfhz

KbAk;

Fwpg;gpl;lePsj;jpy;kjpg;igf;nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;

vd;wmtrpak;,y;iy

Fwpg;gpl;lePsj;jpy;kl;LNkkjpg;igf;nfhLf;f

Ntz;Lk;.(255vOj;Jf;fs;)

gytpjjuTtifiaMjhpf;Fk; StringjuTtifiakl;Lk;Mjhpf;Fk;

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v.fh:

test.html

<html>

<body>

Name:<inputtype=“text”name=”name”><br>

E-mail:<inputtype=“text”name=”email”><br>

<inputtype=“submit”>

</form>

Welcome.php

<html>

<body>

Welcome<?phpecho$_POST[“name”];?><br>

YourEmailid<?phpecho$_Post[“email”];?>

</body>

</html>

Nkw;fz;lepuiy,af;Fk;NghJ>

phpNfhg;ghdJgbtxl;bDilaActiongz;Gf;$wpy;Fwpg;glg;gLk;

phpkhwpahd$_Post,juitNrfhpj;Jmjw;fhd gjpiyjahh;nra;fpwJ

gadh;jpiuapy;ntspaPl;bw;fhdgjpiyg;ngWthh;.

2)HTMLgbtcWg;Gfistpthp

gbtcWg;Gfs;: ciucs;sPL

nghj;jhd;fs;

Njh;Tg;ngl;b

NubNahnghj;jhd;

gbtxl;L

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ciucs;sPL:ciucs;sPlhdJciug;ngl;b(m)ciugug;G%yk;cs;sPLnra;ag;gLk;

nghj;jhd;fs;:submit,resetnghj;jhd;fs;%yk;gbtj;jpy;fl;lisiaf;ifahsyhk;.

Njh;Tg;ngl;b:gbtj;jpy;xd;Wf;FNkw;gl;ltpUg;gj;ijNjh;T nra;ayhk;

NubNahnghj;jhd;:gbtj;jpy;xNuxUtpUg;gj;ijkl;LNkNjh;Tnra;aKbAk;.

gbtxl;Lf;fs;:gbtxl;Lf;fs;%yk;topKiwfis(Post(m)Get)Fwpg;gplTk;>midj;Jgbt

cWg;Gfisfl;Lg;gLj;jTk;cjTfpwJ.

3)Nfhg;gpidf;ifahSk;nray;ghl;bid tpthp

phpNfhg;igjpwj;jy;:

fopen()-Nritafj;jpy;cs;sNfhg;igjpwf;fcjTk;.

- ,uz;LmsGUf;fisf;nfhz;Ls;sJ

- 1)Nfhg;gpd;ngah;>2)ve;jKiwapy;Nfhg;gpidj;jpwf;fNtz;Lk;vd;gJ

njhlhpay;:

$file_object=fopen(“filename”,”read/writemode”)ordie(“ErrorMessage!”);

v.fh:

<?php

$myfile=fopen(“student”,”r”)ordie(“unabletoopenfile!”);

?>

phpNfhg;iggbj;jy;:

fread()-jpwe;j Nfhg;iggbf;fcjTk;.

njhlhpay;:

fread($file_object,filesize(“Filename”);

v.fh:

<?php

fread($myfile,filesize(“student.txt”);

?>

phpNfhg;ig%Ljy;:

fclose()-jpwe;j Nfhg;ig%lcjTk;.

njhlhpay;:

fclose($file_object);

v.fh:

<?php

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fclose($myfile);

?>

phpNfhg;igvOJjy;:

fwrite()-jpwe;j Nfhg;igvOjcjTk;.

njhlhpay;:

fwrite(file,string,length);

v.fh:

<?php

fwrite($myfile,”student.testing!”);

?>

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