three-tiered model for prevention and intervention for behavioral difficulties joan ledvina parr...

Three-Tiered Model for Prevention and Intervention

for Behavioral Difficulties

Joan Ledvina Parr Baltimore County Public Schools

Margaret Grady Kidder Baltimore County Public Schools

Susan Barrett Sheppard Pratt Health Systems

Third International Conference on Positive Behavior SupportReno, Nevada

March 23, 2006

Baltimore County Public Schools• Dr. Joe A. Hairston, Superintendent• Dr. Christine M. Johns, Deputy Superintendent• 25th largest school system in the nation• 107,386 students• 163 schools

– 104 Elementary• FARMS 37.3%, Mobility 21.8%, ELL 3.3%,

– 27 Middle• FARMS 35.0%, Mobility, 29.3% ELL 1.0%

– 26 High• FARMS 21.0%, Mobility, 30.2% ELL 0.9%

– 6 Other• 15,000 employees including 8,351 teachers

PBIS in Baltimore County

Department of Student Support Services

Mr. Dale R. Rauenzahn, Executive Director, Student Support Services Ms. Patsy Holmes, Director, Student Support Services

Dr. Margaret Grady Kidder, Coordinator Psychological Services• PBIS Coordinator

Dr. Joan Ledvina Parr, School Psychologist• PBIS/SWIS Facilitator

Ms. Cheryl Scott, Specialist Safe/Drug Free Schools• PBIS Resource

Ms. Linda Marchineck, IST Facilitator• PBIS Resource

48 PBIS schools and 38 coaches participate

Maryland PBIS Partnership and Collaboration

Maryland S tateDepartment of

E duc ation

S heppard P rattH ealthS ystem

J ohnsH opkins

U nivers ity

L oc alS c hool

S ystems

P o s itive B e h a v io r a lIn te r ve n tio n s a n d S u p p o r ts

Three-Tiered Model for Prevention and Intervention: Behavior Supports Academics

Academic Systems Behavioral Systems

1-5% 1-5%

5-10% 5-10%

80-90% 80-90%

Tier 3:Intensive Interventions•Small groups/individual students•Reduce complexity and severity of academic problems

Tier 3:Intensive Interventions•Small groups/individual students•Reduce complexity and severity of behavior problems

Tier 2: Targeted Interventions•Groups of students/at risk•Reduce academic problems

Tier 2:Targeted Interventions•Groups of students/at risk•Reduce behavior problems

Tier 1:Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Prevent academic problems

Tier 1:Universal Interventions•All settings, all students•Prevent behavior problems

Academic and Behavioral Interventions

• Consistent implementation of Voluntary State Curriculum

• On-going curriculum-based assessments

• Differentiated instruction

• Intensive special education interventions and services

• School-wide behavior planning/discipline

• Effective classroom organization and behavior management

• Targeted interventions for groups of students

• Individualized interventions for specific students, e.g., FBA/BIPs

~80% of Students

~5-15%

~ 1-5%

Tier 3: Intensive InterventionsReduce complications, intensity, and severity of current cases of

problem behavior

Tier 2: Targeted Interventions

Reduce current cases of problem behaviorTier 1: Universal

Interventions:Reduce new cases of

problem behavior

Department of Student Support Services Programs/Activities

Universal Interventions

• School Improvement Planning

• School Emergency Safety Plans

• School-Wide Behavior Planning/Code of Conduct

• Character Education Programs

• Parent/Family Resources

• Health Screenings/Protocols

• School Nurse/Assistant Services

• Essential Guidance Curriculum

• School Counseling Services

• School Psychology Services

• School Social Work Services

• Pupil Personnel Services

• Residency/Attendance Officer Services

Targeted Interventions

• Project Attend• Pupil Personnel

Home Visits• Parent/Guardian Trainings• School Resource Officer

Program• D.A.R.E./ S.A.D.D.

Programs• Student Assistance Programs• Wellness Centers/Mental

Health Expansion

• Health Action Plans/Appraisals

• Alternative Schools/Programs

• Peer Helper/Mediation• Bullying Prevention• Social Skills, Anger

Management, Conflict Resolution Trainings

• Interagency Partnerships• Community Partnerships

Targeted Interventions

• Student Support Teams• Instructional Support Teams• Bilingual Resource Teams • Infant & Toddlers/Child Find Teams• Student Case Management• Curriculum-Based Assessments• Behavioral Assessments• Student Support Plans• Functional Behavioral Assessments (FBA)• Behavior Intervention Plans (BIP)• Individual Student 504 Plans

Intensive Interventions

• Parent/Guardian Services• Homeless Program• Abuse Neglect Reporting

Program (CPS Liaisons)• Spot Light On Schools/

Probation Officers• Court/Institutional Liaisons• Traumatic Loss Teams• Functional Behavioral

Assessments (FBA)• Behavior Intervention

Plans (BIP)

• Psychological Assessments• Psychosocial Assessments• Social Histories • Individualized Education

Programs (IEP)• Threat Assessments• Social Skills, Anger

Management, Conflict Resolution Interventions

• Individual/Group Therapeutic Counseling

• Crisis Response

Intensive Interventions

• Bridge School/Regional Team• Evening High Schools• Saturday High Schools• Afternoon Middle School Group Learning Centers• Alternative Middle and High Schools• Home Teaching• Home Hospital Instruction/Therapeutic Services• Maryland’s Tomorrow Program• Interagency Partnerships• Community Partnerships

Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports in Baltimore County

Universal Interventions• All schools are encouraged to use the BCPS Positive

Behavior Planning Guide to develop a Code of Conduct

• BCPS Schools– 163 Schools– 104 Elementary Schools– 27 Middle Schools– 26 High Schools– 6 Other Schools

Targeted Interventions• Selected schools are invited to participate in PBIS

Training• Schools selected by suspension rates/behavior issues• Schools self-select based on their School

Improvement Plan• 48 PBIS Schools (29% of 163 BCPS Schools)

– 28 Elementary Schools– 14 Middle Schools – 6 High Schools

• 13 Schools interested in PBIS Summer Training 2006

Intensive Interventions• Selected schools face greater challenges

– inconsistent implementation of PBIS features• changes in school staff • changes in administration• changes in community and student population

– focus on data-based problem solving not blame• Schools benefit from centralized support

– on-site visits from PBIS coaches/resource staff– faculty/staff trainings on specific topics like social skills trainings or hallway behavior– redevelopment of PBIS action plans based on review of school data

History of PBIS in Maryland and Schools Trained in PBIS

• 1998 Collaboration:

MSDE and Sheppard Pratt Health System

• 1999 Tough Kids Tough Times Forum

• 15 schools trained statewide

• Maryland Summer Institute

• in 2000, 20 schools trained

History of PBIS in Maryland and Schools Trained in PBIS

• Project Target and Johns Hopkins University join the collaboration with MSDE and SEPH, 2002

• Maryland Summer Institute

PBIS Schools Trained in Maryland

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Basic Concepts of PBIS

School Teams are trained at the

Summer Institute sponsored by

Maryland State Department of Education,

Sheppard Pratt Health System,

and the Johns Hopkins University

The following training materials are adapted from the PBIS model as developed by

George Sugai, University of Connecticut, and Rob Horner, University of Oregon

Key Elements of PBISSchool-wide behavior planning is based on a balance

of four key elements:

SYSTEMS that support staff buy-in and sustained use of effective practices

Evidence-based PRACTICES and interventions that are effective for staff and students

DATA gathered by the school to make decisions about improving behavior and learning

Clearly specified OUTCOMES that are related to behavior and student achievement

PRACTICES

SupportingStaff

Behavior

SupportingDecisionMaking

SupportingStudent Behavior

Process for Supporting Social Competence and Academic Achievement

OUTCOMES

School-wideClassroomNon-classroomIndividual

Define behavior expectationsSpecify routinesTeachAcknowledgeCorrectFollow up and feedbackReinforcementGeneralization

Office Discipline ReferralsStaff InputAcademic ProgressAttendance

PBIS School-wide InterventionsOverview

1. Establish commitment and maintain team

2. Establish school-wide expectations

3. Establish an on-going system of rewards

4. Establish a system for responding to behavioral violations

5. Establish a data system to monitor progress and aid in decision making

6. Arrange for consistent implementation and utilize district level support

1. Establish commitment and maintain team

• Establish PBIS Leadership Team– Strong, administrative support– School-wide representation on PBIS Team

• Secure school-wide agreements and supports– Strive for “full” (>80%) faculty participation– Prioritize resources (time, materials, cost)– Plan on a 3 – 5 year commitment

• Establish a data-based action plan– Use the PBIS Staff Survey results– Use behavioral incident data (office referrals, etc.)

2. Establish school-wide expectations• Develop rules of behavior

– 3 to 5 positively stated rules– Easy to remember– Apply to all students, settings, and staff

• Develop a matrix of expected behavior in target contexts– Contexts include: classrooms, hallways, gym, cafeteria,

common areas, bus loading zone, etc.

• Teach the expected behaviors using an instructional approach– Directly teach (tell/explain, model/show, practice, give

reminders and pre-corrections)– Actively supervise– Positively reinforce

Develop Rules of Behavior• High 5’s

– Be respectful

– Be responsible

– Be there, be ready

– Follow directions

– Hands/feet to self

• The Respect School– Respect others

– Respect property

– Respect yourself

• Formula 4 Success– Respect

– Responsibility

– Ready-to-learn

– Re-thinking

• The 5 Be’s– Be kind– Be safe– Be cooperative– Be respectful– Be peaceful

• Code of Conduct– I am respectful– I am responsible– I am safe– I am prepared

• Respect + Responsibility = Pride– Show respect– Show responsibility

Develop Rules of Behavior

• Viking Code of Conduct– Be respectful

– Be responsible

– Be ready

• Eagle PRIDE– P reparation

– R esponsibility

– I ntegrity

– D iligence

– E arn Respect

• RAMS Rules– R esponsibility and

Respect

– A cademic Achievement

– M otivation

– S uccess

• Tenets of Kenwood Pride– B e there and prepared

– L ive responsibly

– U phold integrity

– E arn and give respect

Matrix of Expected Behavior

3. Establish an on-going system of rewards

• Acknowledge expected behavior

• Use tangible rewards and acknowledgements– High Five’s, coupons, gotchas, etc.

• Use social recognition– Assemblies, bulletin boards, names over the intercom

• Use guidelines– Fade tangibles– Schedule strategically

• Maintain 6-8:1 positive to correction ratio

4. Establish a system for responding to behavioral violations

• Develop an agreement about which behaviors are handled in the classroom and which are managed in the office

• Use verbal redirection, teacher consequence, and/or office referral

• Use pre-correction and restatement of expected behaviors

5. Establish a data system to monitor progress and aid in decision making

• Utilize a data management system, e.g., SWIS

• Develop procedures for ongoing monitoring and evaluation

• Meet regularly to review data and implement interventions

6. Arrange for consistent implementation and utilize district

level support• Develop targeted interventions for groups of

at-risk students• Build capacity for function-based support in

order to develop individualized plans for specific students (FBA/BIPs)

• Connect PBIS Team with School Improvement Team and Student Support Team

• Utilize district level support and other leadership resources

How Baltimore County supports its PBIS schools

• Levels of PBIS support include:

– School-based team• Strong, administrative leadership is encouraged• School-wide representation on PBIS team

– PBIS coach assigned to school team• Provides expertise on the PBIS process, behavior

analysis, and data interpretation

– MSDE/BCPS Leadership Teams• Provides consultation and support

Phases in the BCPS Model of PBIS Training as a Support to the

Summer Institute Training• Phase 1—Administrator Commitment

• Spring Forum arranged and Coach Facilitator consults with administrator

• Phase 2—Training the PBIS School Team• Coach assigned to each school

• Phase 3—Implementing PBIS within the School• Coach, Coach Facilitator, and BCPS

Leadership Team assists

Phase 1—Administrator Commitment

• Administrators of identified schools attend a Spring Forum to learn about PBIS

• Follow-up meeting with the Coach Facilitator to share sample information such as:

– School rules – Matrix of expected behaviors– Classroom managed vs. office managed behaviors– Flowchart of the disciplinary process– Gotcha and recognition tickets

Phase 1—Administrator Commitment(continued)

• School completes a Staff Survey to document areas of concern

• The new school is encouraged to send faculty members to visit exemplar PBIS schools within Baltimore County

Phase 2—Training the PBIS School Team

• PBIS school team members attend the Summer Institute hosted by MSDE-SPHS-JHU

• School teams begin to plan their implementation of PBIS

• They attend a poster session of exemplar schools and dialogue with those schools’ representatives

• BCPS Coach Facilitator follows up with new school teams throughout the summer to provide guidance

Phase 2—Training the PBIS School Team(Continued)

• School teams develop their products and plan for teacher training the first week of school

• Each school is assigned a coach who works with that school during the planning as well as implementation phases

• Schools are encouraged to review and adapt the work of experienced PBIS schools– Lesson plans – Teacher training models – Incentive programs for students and staff– Acknowledgement assemblies– Motivational strategies for students and staff

Phase 3—Implementing PBIS within the School

• PBIS team trains faculty about PBIS concepts– Works best with multiple leaders training small groups– Encourage discussion and questions

• Faculty is given samples of all products and trained in their use– Gotchas– Minor incident reports (for teacher managed behavior)– Office referrals

• Rules are posted in all classrooms, hallways, and throughout the building

Phase 3—Implementing PBIS within the School (continued)

• Gotchas are collected and reinforcement systems are implemented

• Students are acknowledged for appropriate behavior

• Staff are acknowledged for their support of the program

• Office referrals are entered in the SWIS system and are analyzed

Phase 3—Implementing PBIS within the School (continued)

• PBIS Team meets at least monthly to coordinate on-going implementation, analyze data, and develop new interventions

• Schools are encouraged to maintain a binder with all their school products, team notes, and other information for reference

• A coach works with every school team to provide additional support, PBIS knowledge, and behavioral expertise

• Schools are encouraged to attend state level and county level PBIS meetings for new ideas and support

Baltimore County Schools Trained in PBIS

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Baltimore County Schools Trained in PBIS

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005

Elementary (28) Middle Schools (14) High Schools (6)

Percentage of Baltimore County PBIS Schools and Length of Time Implementing PBIS

16 schools 6 schools 9 schools11 schools 6 schools

1st Year

2nd Year

12.5%3rd Year

4th Year

5th+ Year

How Well are Schools Implementing the Concepts of PBIS?

• Team Implementation Checklist (Form A) – School self-report – Completed monthly– Measures the number of critical features in place

• School-wide Evaluation Tool (SET)– Observational data from independent assessor– Completed annually– Measures the 7 features of school-wide implementation

• Implementation Phases Inventory (IPI)– Completed semi-annually– Measures 4 levels of implementation– Measures 36 critical elements

Self-Report Data from Returning Elementary Schools

Form A—Percentage of features in place

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N

n = 14 schools

Self-Report Data from New Elementary Schools

n = 14 schools

Self-Report Data from Form A– Mean Percentage of Features in Place

Reported by Elementary Schools

Returning ES New ES All ES

n = 14 schools n = 14 schools n = 28 schools

Self-Report Data from Returning Middle Schools

A B C D E F G H I J K L

n = 12 schools

Self-Report Data from New Middle Schools

405060

708090

A Bn = 2 schools

Self-Report Data from Form A– Mean Percentage of Features in Place

Reported by Middle Schools

Returning MS New MS All MS

Self-Report Data from High SchoolsForm A—Percentage of features in place

A B C D E F

n = 6 schools

Self-Report Data from Form A—Mean Percentage of Features in Place for

PBIS Schools

Elementary Middle High

School-Wide Evaluation Tool (SET)

• Research quality tool for assessing Universal/School-wide PBIS

• External person spends 2 hours at school reviewing documents, interviewing staff, and interviewing students

• PBIS is “in place” with a score of at least 80% total

• Measures 7 critical features of PBIS

Seven Critical Features of SET

Seven critical features of PBIS listed, defined, and scored within SET:

– Behavioral Expectations Defined– Behavioral Expectations Taught– On-Going System for Rewarding Behavioral

Expectations– System for Responding to Behavioral

Violations– Monitoring and Decision-Making– Management– District-Level Support

Pre- and Post-Training SET ScoresElementary Schools

304050

Baseline SET1st Yr SET

2nd Yr SET3rd Yr SET4th Yr SET5th Yr SET

6th Yr SET

n = 14 schools

Mean SET Scores for Elementary Schools by Year of Implementation

Baseline 1st Yr 2nd Yr 3rd Yr 4th Yr 5th Yr 6th Yr(3) (1)(2)(9) (9)(14)(12)

Pre- and Post-Training SET ScoresMiddle Schools

Baseline SET

1st Yr SET

2nd Yr SET

3rd Yr SET

4th Yr SET

n = 12 schools

Mean SET Scores for Middle Schools by Year of Implementation

Baseline 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year(3) (2)(6)(6)(12)

Pre- and Post-Training SET ScoresHigh Schools

A B C D E F

Baseline SET

1st Yr SET

2nd Yr SET

n = 6 schools

Mean SET Scores for High Schools by Year of Implementation

Baseline 1st Year 2nd Year

(3) (6) (4)

Mean SET Scores for PBIS Schools by Year of Implementation

Baseline 1st Year 2nd Year 3rd Year 4th Year 5th Year 6th Year

Elementary Middle High

Implementation Phases Inventory (IPI)

• Features of PBIS listed, defined, and scored to obtain scores in the following categories:– Preparation Phase– Initiation Phase – Implementation Phase– Maintenance Phase

• Percentage of the 36 Critical Elements also obtained

Percentage of Baltimore County PBIS Schools and their Implementation Phases

Preparation

Initiation

Implementation

Maintenance

48 schools represented

50%24 Schools

21%10 Schools

17%8 Schools

12%6 Schools Schools)

Implementation Phases Inventory—Percentage of Schools in each Phase

by Year of Implementation

1st Yr 2nd Yr 3rd Yr 4th Yr 5th Yr+

Preparation Initiation Implementation Maintenance

(6)(16) (9) (11) (6)

Implementation Phases Inventory—Percentage of Schools in each Phase

by Elementary, Middle, and High

PreparationInitiationImplementationMaintanence

Elementary Schools(28)

Middle Schools(14)

High Schools(6)

Implementation Phases Inventory—Percentage of Critical Features in Place

by Year of Implementation

1st Yr 2nd Yr 3rd Yr 4th Yr 5th Yr +

(16) (6) (9) (11) (6)

Implementation Phases Inventory—Percentage of Critical Features in Place

by Elementary, Middle, and High

Elementary Middle High(28) (6)(14)

Discipline Data:Suspensions & Expulsions

and Office Discipline Referrals

• Elementary School

• Middle School

• High School

Elementary Schools:Suspensions & Expulsions by Year of Implementation

Baseline (14)

1st Yr (14)

2nd Yr (14)

3rd Yr (11)

4th Yr ( 4)

5th Yr ( 2)

6th Yr ( 1)

n = 14 schools

PBIS Elementary Schools:Mean Number of Suspensions &

Expulsions per Year

PBIS Elementary Schools

Baseline (14)

1st Yr (14)

2nd Yr (14)

3rd Yr (11)

4th Yr ( 4)

5th Yr ( 2)

6th Yr ( 1)

PBIS Middle Schools:Suspensions & Expulsions by Year of Implementation

Baseline (12)1st Yr (12)2nd Yr ( 8)3rd Yr ( 6)4th Yr ( 2)

n = 12 schools

PBIS Middle Schools:Mean Number of Suspensions &

Expulsions per Year

PBIS Middle Schools

PBIS High Schools:Suspensions & Expulsions by Year of Implementation

A B C D E F

Baseline ( 6)

1st Yr ( 6)

2nd Yr ( 4)

n = 6 schools

PBIS High Schools:Mean Number of Suspensions &

Expulsions per Year

PBIS High Schools

Baseline ( 6)

1st Yr ( 6)

2nd Yr ( 4)

Examples of Elementary SchoolReduction in Suspensions by Year

010203040

Base Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

32% Reduction

Base Yr 1 Yr 2

63% Reduction

Base Yr 2 Yr 4

72% Reduction

Base Yr 1 Yr 2

66% Reduction

Examples of Secondary SchoolReduction in Suspensions by Year

5001000

Base Yr 1 Yr 2

56% Reduction

Base Yr 1

57% Reduction

Base Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

32% Reduction

Base Yr 1

35% Reduction

Examples of Elementary SchoolReduction in Office Discipline Referrals

by Year

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4

68% Reduction

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4

63% Reduction

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

58% Reduction

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

36% Reduction

Examples of Secondary SchoolReduction in Office Discipline Referrals

by Year

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4

20% Reduction

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

39% Reduction

Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3

27% Reduction

Attendance Data

• Middle School

• High School

PBIS Elementary School Attendance Rates by Year of Implementation

0102030405060708090

Baseline (14)1st Yr (14)2nd Yr (14)3rd Yr (11)4th Yr ( 4)5th Yr ( 2)6th Yr ( 1)

n = 14 schools

Mean % of Attendance Rates for PBIS Elementary Schools by Year of

Implementation

Baseline Yr 1 Yr 2 Yr 3 Yr 4 Yr 5 Yr 6

(14) (14) (11) (4) (2) (1)(14)

PBIS Middle School Attendance Rates by Year of Implementation

n = 12 schools

Mean % of Attendance Rates for PBIS Middle Schools by Year of

Implementation

Baseline Year 1 Year 2 Year 3 Year 4

(12) (8) (6) (2)(12)

PBIS High School Attendance Rates by Year of Implementation

A B C D E F

Baseline (6)1st Yr (6)2nd Yr (4)

n = 6 schools

Mean % of Attendance Rates for PBIS High Schools by Year of

Implementation

Baseline Year 1 Year 2

(6) (6) (4)

PBIS Supports Academic Achievement:PBIS Schools and Results of the

Maryland School Assessments (MSA)

• Middle School

% of Third Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

MSA Year 2003 MSA Year 2004 MSA Year 2005

n = 14 schools

Mean % of Third Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

40 % Increase in Third Grade Reading Scores

% of Third Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

n = 14 schools

Mean % of Third Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

29% Increase in Third Grade Math Scores

% of Fifth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

n = 14 schools

Mean % of Fifth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

17 % Increase in Fifth Grade Reading Scores

% of Fifth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

n = 14 schools

Mean % of Fifth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

38 % Increase in Fifth Grade Math Scores

% of Eighth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

n = 12 schools

Mean % of Eighth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Reading MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

24 % Increase in 8th Grade Reading Scores

% of Eighth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

n = 12 schools

Mean % of Eighth Grade Students Scoring Proficient or Advanced on Math MSAs

Yr 2003 Yr 2004 Yr 2005

57 % Increase in 8th Grade Math Scores

Summary of MSA Results from 2003-2005 for PBIS Schools

Reading Math

3rd Grade 40 % Increase 29 % Increase

5th Grade 17 % Increase 38 % Increase

8th Grade 24 % Increase 57 % Increase

How does Behavior Support Help?

• Increases instructional minutes

• Makes instructional minutes more effective

• Creates a climate that is calm and conducive to learning

For additional information please contact:

Office of Psychological ServicesBaltimore County Public Schools

410-887-0303

Joan Ledvina Parr jparr@bcps.org

Margaret Grady Kidder mkidder@bcps.org

Susan Barrett sbarrett@sheppardpratt.org

Maryland’s PBIS website www.pbismaryland.org

Building Success in

SchoolsBaltimore Co

Timeat aOne Step

Thank you for your support

as we continue to

REACH FOR THE STARS

and help students believe in

themselves and achieve in

Baltimore County Schools

Positive Behavioral Interventions and

Supports in Baltimore County

Schools

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