the reproductive glands and hormones gonads are ovaries in women and testes in men. −testes...
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The Reproductive Glands and Hormones
• Gonads are ovaries in women and testes in men.− Testes produce testosterone.− Major female hormones
• Estrogen• Progesterone• Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)
The Genital System: Anatomy and Physiology
• Controls reproductive processes − Gametes are sex cells (haploid cells).
• Carry genetic instructions− Zygote is the first fertilized cell (diploid cells)
• Carry two of each of the 23 chromosomes
• Physical traits are determined by dominant and recessive alleles.
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Primary sex organs consist of two testes− Sperm cells and sex hormones are formed.
Male Reproductive System and Organs
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Testes− Spermatogenic cells forms sperm cells. − Interstitial cells produce sex hormones.− Sustentacular (Sertoli) cells regulate sperm cells.− Sperm cells collect in seminiferous tubule, pass to
epididymis, and then mature.
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Spermatogenesis− During embryonic development, spermatogonia
undergo mitosis, creating two cells.• One becomes the primary spermatocyte, which
reproduces during puberty via meiosis.
Male Reproductive System and Organs
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Male internal accessory organs include:− Two epididymides− Two vasa deferentia− Two ejaculatory ducts− Urethra− Two seminal vesicles− Prostate gland− Two bulbourethral glands
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Male external reproductive organs include:− Scrotum− Penis
• Root• Body (shaft)• Glans
Male Reproductive System and Organs
• Male sex hormones− Androgens are mostly produced by testicular
interstitial cells.− Testosterone is the most important androgen.
• Enlarges testes and accessory reproductive organs• Develops the male secondary sex characteristics
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Produce and maintain egg cells (oocytes)• Principal organs include ovaries, fallopian
tubes, uterus, vagina, and external genitalia
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Ovaries− Perform three main functions:
• Production of immature female gametes• Secretion of female sex hormones• Secretion of inhibin
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Ovaries− Oogenesis is the process of egg cell formation.
• Ovulation is the process of the primary oocyte undergoing oogenesis.
Female Reproductive System and Organs
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Female internal accessory organs− Fallopian tubes− Uterus
• Uterine wall has three layers (endometrium, myometrium, and perimetrium)
• Supported by suspensory ligaments− Vagina
• Three layers (inner mucosal layer, middle muscular layer, outer fibrous layer)
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Female external reproductive organs− Surround the
openings of the urethra and vagina
− Compose the vulva
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Female sex hormones − Estrogens
• Stimulate enlargement of accessory sex organs• Maintain female secondary characteristics
− Progesterone• Promotes uterine changes during monthly cycle• Affects mammary glands• Helps regulate gonadotropin secretion
Female Reproductive System and Organs
• Female sex hormones − Concentrations of androgen at puberty produce
different changes.• First reproductive cycle is called menarche
Female Reproductive System and Organs
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