fig. 18.1(te art) pineal gland pituitary gland hypothalamus thyroid gland thymus adrenal glands...
Post on 21-Dec-2015
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Fig. 18.1(TE Art)
Pinealgland
Pituitarygland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
OvariesGonads
Parathyroid glands
Fig. 18.3(TE Art)
Endocrine system
Endocrinecells
Hormone in bloodstream
Nervous system
Fig. 18.1(TE Art)
Pinealgland
Pituitarygland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
OvariesGonads
Parathyroid glands
hypothalamus
Pituitary gland
Hypothalamo-hypophyseal tract
StalkNeurohypophysis
Posterior lobe
Pars tuberalis
Anterior lobe
Adenohypophysis
Pituitary gland
Fig. 18.4a(TE Art)
Hypothalamohypophyseal tract
Posterior lobe
Paraventricular nucleus
Supraoptic nucleus
Oxytocin
ADH
Anterior lobe
Oxytocin = uterus & mammary glandsAntidiuretic hormone = kidneys
Superior hypophyseal artery
Posteriorpituitary
Anterior pituitary
Releasing hormones
“go and do something”hormones
Fig. 18.6(TE Art)
Growth hormone
ACTHTSH
prolactinLiver
Fat, muscle,bone
LHFSH
TRHGnRH
CRH
Hypothalamus
Adrenalcortex
OvaryTestis
Thyroid
Mammarygland
IGF
Fig. 18.10a(TE Art)Adrenal gland
Kidney
Adrenal cortex
Adrenal medulla• epinephrine• norepinephrine
Adrenal gland
Kidney
Adrenal cortex• mineralcorticoids• glucocorticoids• sex steroids
Adrenal medulla
Aldosterone (mineralcorticoid): kidney = retain Na, excrete K (water retained, BP)
Cortisol (glucocorticoid): fat & protein breakdown, glucose synthesis, fatty acid & glucoserelease into blood, help body adapt to stress, repair damaged tissues
Dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA): weak testosterone = libido, 2nd sex characteristics
Cushing’s Syndrome – adrenal cortex – hypersecretion of cortisol
Thyroid
Thymus
Trachea
Thyroid gland Follicular cells: T3 & T4 – increase metabolic rateC cells: calcitonin – inhibits osteoclasts…..
Pharynx
Thyroid gland
Esophagus
Parathyroid glands
Trachea
Detect lowcalcium
Secrete PTH
• increase Ca absorption• inhibits Ca excretion• stimulates osteoclasts
Posterior view
Fig. 18.11a(TE Art)Bile duct
Duodenum
Head ofpancreas
Pancreaticducts
Body ofpancreas
Tail of pancreas
Pancreatic islet
cell-- insulin
cell -- somatostatin cell -- glucagon
Insulin: controls glucose transport into cells
Diabetes Type I: low or no B-cells, no insulin
Diabetes Type II: insulin insensitivity (receptor)• hyperglycemia• emaciation• atherosclerosis (fatty deposits)• ketoacidosis (low blood pH) = coma, death
Fig. 18.1(TE Art)
Pinealgland
Pituitarygland
Hypothalamus
Thyroid gland
Thymus
Adrenal glands
Pancreas
Testes
OvariesGonads
Parathyroid glands