the present subjunctive

The Present Subjunctive

The SubjunctiveUp to now you have been

using verbs in the indicative mood, which is used to talk about facts or actual events.

The SubjunctiveAprendo francés para mi

viaje.

The SubjunctiveSpanish has another way

of using verbs called the subjunctive mood.

The SubjunctiveWe use it to say what one

person does or doesn’t want, tell, suggest, or recommend someone else to do.

The SubjunctiveA sentence that includes

the subjunctive form has two parts connected by the word que.

For example:

The SubjunctiveRecomendamos que Uds.

hablen con un agente de viajes.

We recommend that you speak with a travel agent.

The Subjunctive¿Quiere Ud. que

escribamos nuestros nombres en las maletas?

Do you want us to write our names on our suitcases?

The SubjunctiveNote that the subjunctive

sentences have two parts, each with a different subject, connected by the word que:

2 Clauses

Ella sugiere que yo aprenda francés

Independent clause(stands on its own)Subject > Verb

Separated by the word “que”

Dependent clause (can’t stand on its own)Begins with the word “que.”

Indicative Verb

Subjunctive Verb

The SubjunctiveThe first subject uses the

present indicative verb (recommendation, suggestion, prohibition, and so on) + que and the second subject uses the present subjunctive verb (what should happen).

The SubjunctiveVerbs that are often follewed by

que + subjunctive: Decir Insistir en Necesitar Permitir Preferir (e > ie)

Prohibir Querer (e > ie) Recomendar (e > ie) Sugerir (e > ie)

The SubjunctiveWe form the present

subjunctive of most verbs the same way we form negative tú commands.

The SubjunctiveWe drop the -o of the

present-tense indicative yo form and add the subjunctive endings.

The SubjunctiveFor -ar verbs:e, es, e, emos, éis, enFor -er/-ir verbs:a, as, a, amos, áis, an

HABLAR

hable

hables

hable

hablemos

habléis

hablen

COMER

coma

comas

coma

comamos

comáis

coman

VIVIR

viva

vivas

viva

vivamos

viváis

vivan

The SubjunctiveThe present subjunctive has

the same spelling changes and irregular yo form changes used with the negative tú commands and Ud./Uds. commands.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

As in negative commands, irregular verbs that add a “g” to the stem in the present-tense yo form also have a “g” in the present subjunctive.

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

caersedecirhacerponersalir

tenertraer

Irregular Subjunctive Verbs

hacer hag-o haga

tener teng-o tenga

LLEGAR (g > gu)

llegue

llegues

llegue

lleguemos

lleguéis

lleguen

HACER

haga

hagas

haga

hagamos

hagáis

hagan

Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive

P. 413Realidades 2

Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive

Memorize this acronym:

DISHES

Irregular Verbs in the Subjunctive

D DarI IrS SerH HaberE EstarS Saber

DARdé

des

dé

demos

deis

den

IRvaya

vayas

vaya

vayamos

vayáis

vayan

SERsea

seas

sea

seamos

seáis

sean

HABERhaya

hayas

haya

hayamos

hayáis

hayan

ESTAResté

estés

esté

estemos

estéis

estén

SABERsepa

sepas

sepa

sepamos

sepáis

sepan

The Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

Realidades 3

Ejemplos: Present Perfect:

He estudiado por tres horas.…. haya estudiado por tres horas.

Haber He Has Ha Hemos Han

Hay Hubo Había Ha habido

Haber- Present Subjunctive

1. Yo: Hay2. Haber– el verbo. Add opposite

endings: -a, -as, -a, -amos, -an3. Haya, hayas, haya, hayamos, hayan

Past Participle

Ejemplo: Hablado, Comido, Vivido1. Infinitive2. Drop ending3. Add: -ado for “-ar” verbs; -ido for “-er/-

ir” Verbos irregulares Verbos con acentos

Not exactly irregular but…

-er and –ir verbs whose stems end in a vowel have past participles ending in –ído

caer → caído creer → creídoleer → leído oír → oídoreír → reído traer → traído

IrregularsThe following verbs have irregular past participles ending in –to:

abrir → abierto cubrir → cubiertodescubrir → descubierto escribir → escritomorir → muerto poner → puestoromper → roto ver → visto

volver → vuelto

More irregulars

These verbs have irregular past participles ending in –cho:

decir → dichohacer → hecho

Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

Haya trabajado

Hayas trabajado

Haya trabajado

Hayamos trabajado

Hayáis trabajado

Hayan trabajado

Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

The present perfect subjunctive refers to actions or situations that may have occurred before the action of the main verb.

Also Called Past Subjunctive

Perfect Subjunctive

Used Used when a verb or expression

requires the subjunctive With the same type of clauses as the

present subjunctive When the dependent clause is in the

past.

Normally to indicate the action as completed (when the verb in the past)

Example: Dudo que lo hagas. – I doubt you’ll do it.

Dudo que lo hayas hecho.- I doubt you did it.

Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

Me alegro de que hayas trabajado de voluntario.

I´m glad that you have worked as a volunteer.

Estoy orgullosa de que Julián haya trabajado en el centro de rehabilitación.

I am proud that Julian has worked in the rehabilitation center.

Present Perfect of the Subjunctive

Ojalá que ellos hayan juntado mucho dinero.

I hope that they have collected a lot of money.

Siento que no hayan participado en la campaña.

I´m sorry that you haven´t participated in the campaign.