the interaction model

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Interaction ModelHow do I use this thing?№ 4, Design of Digital MachinesTim Sheiner

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Digital Machine

ModelView

ControllerInput

Output

The four sub models of the machine

The interaction model corresponds most closely to the view.

object model

interaction model data model

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conceptual model

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First, a definition:

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By a state of a system is meant any well-defined condition or property that can be recognized if it occurs again. Every system will naturally have many possible states.

Ashby, An Introduction to Cybernetics, 1956

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How do I make a change?

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The interaction model defines how to manipulate system state

๏ how do I interact with the system?๏ what are the workflows?๏ how can I influence outcome | output ?

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The union of two perspectives

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Human

Solution

Process

Steps

Actions

Machine

Application

Workflow

Tasks

Events

interaction model

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In a nutshell...

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interaction model

action

feedback

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The interaction model is organized around workflows.

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Workflows are sequences of steps

1 2 3

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Steps have a duality

1 2 3

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action

transformation

feedback

transition

transformation

transition

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Steps have a duality

1 2 3

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action

steps have a duality:

➡ action/feedback

➡ transformation/transition

➡ input/output

➡ intent/outcome

transformation

feedback

transition

transformation

transition

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Workflows branch

1 2 or

3’

3 4

Standard Case

Error Case

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Workflows connect

1

Workflow B

2 3

1 2 or

3’

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Workflow A

3

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Output

Input

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What defines a workflow?

Change complete.

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Desire for change

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What defines a workflow?

A Narrative

Beginning Middle End

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What defines a workflow?

A Transformation

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Object Object’Workflow

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Workflows transform objects.

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A transformation is a change in state

e.g. object appearance

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A transformation is a change in state

e.g. object behavior

1

2

3

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A transformation is a change in state

e.g. object location

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A transformation is a change in state

e.g. object value

$

Account 1 Account 2

$

Account 1 Account 2

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The transformation is the change.

The transition is the feedback.

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Archetypal Workflows๏ authentication๏ content creation๏ content management๏ sharing๏ permission management๏ configuration management

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AuthenticationProviding credentials in order to access content or functionality

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Content CreationAdding new information

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Content ManagementOrganizing information

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SharingMaking content or resources available to others

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Permission ManagementControlling access to content or resources

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Configuration Management

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Setting behaviors or preferences

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Communicating the Interaction Model

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Several standard forms

๏ flow diagram๏ written scenario๏ storyboards๏ wireframes๏ prototypes

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Interaction Modeling Challenges

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๏ Including the error modelwhen things go wrong what happens?

๏ Imagining the permutationswhy prototyping is lowers design risk

๏ Understanding when & where state changesoperating on the object or operating on a copy?

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fin

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