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The Importance of History The Greater Linden Development Corporation: Linden, Ohio
Cortney Moore, Stephanie Perry, Brooke StullComm 310: Otterbein College • Partners with GLDC • November 20, 2008
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 1
Table of Contents
Why is History Important?
History Features Intro 2
History of Linden: Timeline
Timeline 3
Historical Marker Feature
McKendree Church Historical Marker Feature 5
Linden’s Leading Figures
Feature Articles on Important Leading Figures in Linden 8
Helpful Public Relations Tactics
Social Media Monitoring Proposal 13
GLDC Public Relations Plan
General PR Plan For GLDC 17
Bibliography 21
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 1
Why is History Important?Greater Linden Development Corporation
HISTORY FEATURES INTRO
“History with its flickering lamp stumbles along the trail of the past, trying to
reconstruct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and kindle with pale gleams the
passion of former days.” - Winston Churchill
! This project was intended to help the GLDC gather information about the history of the
community it is so passionate about. Linden has a rich past, but it was hard to track. In
constructing this project we hope to help the GLDC start to document the history of the Linden
community. Our approach to documenting the history of Linden has been formulated into public
relations tactics. We to hope shine light on the idea of history and its importance. For as
Winston Churchill said, “kindle with pale gleams the passion of former days,”: we hope to have
lit the match to start the light that will gleam onto the history of Linden.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 2
History of Linden: TimelineGreater Linden Development Corporation
TIMELINE
One of the best public relations tactics is having information easily accessible. In order to have
the history of Linden in an organized and creative fashion, we chose to construct a timeline of the
brief history of Linden. Trying to gather information to make the timeline was a journey. The
first place we decided to look was at the Linden Library. The Linden Library was a great place to
start, but they didn’t have the books we needed to complete the timeline. Next, we journeyed to
the Columbus Public Library where we had to search through the reference book section to find
the two items about Linden. Although both of these books were very small, they were filled with a
lot of great information. From that information we searched for dates to include into our
timeline. We hope that the GLDC can use this timeline to help people outside Linden
understand the history of Linden.
”If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” -Pearl Buck
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 3
1783Revolutionary War Ends 1800
George Steveson, M.D. of Wilmington,
Del. was given deed to land by the
government. This land was given
to soldiers for their time in the
revolutionary way.
1802Mr. Denune, one of Linden’s first
settlers, settled in North Linden
1832McKendree Church was organized as a
Sunday School. Meeting at homes of
church members.1849McKendree Church is built.
1893Columbus Central Railway Co., an
electric street car company, went into
operation.1901Linden Heights Methodist Church
started meeting in a one-room school
house with 25 members. 1904Linden Heights Church building was
completed.1905Kohr Memorial Presbyterian Church
was established with 18 members. 1909Dr. L.H. Mann becomes Linden’s first
Mayor.1910Linden schools went into city school
district. This was joint effort between
Clinton Township and Columbus Board
of Education.
1913• Cleveland Avenue is paved with
bricks.
• Linden Methodist Church is
destroyed in fire.
• 1st Linden newspaper started by the
Colton brothers
1914A new church was built for the Linden
Methodist Church lighted by electricity.
1920• A sewer system, street lights, street
numbering,repaving of Cleveland
Avenue is put into place.
1923Linden Library is started.
Linden wins bond issue to finance
construction of Cleveland Avenue
underpass.
19261927Cyclone hits Linden but no one is
injured. The Linden Baptist Church is
severly damaged by the storm.
1951Cleveland Avenue is repaved with
asphalt.
1962Greyhound bus service is put in place
in Linden.
1994GLDC Founded
History of Linden: Timeline
1966Interstate 71 was built through Linden.
This dramatically changed the lives of
Linden Citizens.
1954Brown vs. Board of Education ruled
that schools begin integration.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 4
Historical Marker FeatureGreater Linden Development Corporation
MCKENDREE CHURCH HISTORICAL MARKER FEATURE
! We thought that it was important for people to understand the inside story of historical
landmarks in Linden. The best place we thought to write about was McKendree United
Methodist Church. It was a bit of a struggle at first to gather some information, but after a few
trips to the Linden Library and a few phone calls- we got a lot of great information. The best
source, however, ended up being the people of the church. We took a trip to McKendree United
Methodist Church and interviewed Pastor Kathi and several members of the congregation. We
hope that this feature story can help the GLDC by having a document about a historical landmark
in town. This feature can be featured on the GLDC’s Web site.
“History is a novel for which people are the author.” - Alfred de Vigny
! Kathleen Herington, known in her four years at McKendree as Pastor Kathi opens the
door with a smile. She speaks of McKendree’s congregation with pride, saying that although the
members are an older crowd, they are full of energy and pride for their church. Kathi talks about
the community outreach McKendree strives to provide.
-more-
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 5
! McKendree United Methodist Church was founded in 1832, when the patrons would
come together in the homes of one another to worship. In 1849, the first church structure was
built, near the current location on Cleveland Avenue. The founding members of the church are
buried in the historical cemetery on a small plot to the north of the current church. The cemetery
also holds several influential community members from the 1800’s, as well as civil war veterans.
! Sisters Georgene Davis and Mary Jane Lynch became members of McKendree in 1942.
Finishing one another’s sentences, they talk about the cemetery as if it were an old friend. “The
cemetery seems like such a part of the church, I don’t know if I’d recognize [the church] without
it!” said Georgene. Several years ago, the church decided to expand the parking lot and each
sister hoped that no one from the burial ground was covered. “Although they might be safer
under there!” Mary Jane commented.
! In the 176 years since its founding, McKendree has built a repertoire of community
outreach and service. Dating back to the 1970’s McKendree has operated a food pantry. Though
it has undergone many changes over the years, the pantry has always provided meals for those in
need. Today, the church has partnered with a church in Powell to provide goods and manpower
for the pantry. In summer 2008, the pantry changed formats to allow visitors to choose their own
food as opposed to the food being chosen for them. The pantry is set up like a grocery store and
continues to welcome visitors on a regular basis.
! McKendree is such a welcoming community that they share their space with a second
congregation, called Ebenezer. The members of this second congregation are mostly from
Ghana and spend Sunday afternoons worshiping in the halls of McKendree. “They come in there
with their robes flowing and kids running around,” laughed Norm Hobson.
! Norm Hobson is the church historian and began his time with McKendree in 1962. Norm
was married here and raised his family within the McKendree community.
! Currently, McKendree uses their space for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, the
Salvation Army Christmas Giving, and as a place for teaching English as a second language
courses to many members of Linden’s Somali population.
-more-
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 6
! McKendree was recognized at the 2008 Awards and Gratitude Banquet as Church of the
Year for contributions made to the community by helping 5th grade students at Huy Elementary.
! McKendree patrons spend afternoons helping students practice reading and writing
skills. The nomination for this award came from the staff members at Huy Elementary. Shirley
Hall boasted what a great honor it was to be recognized.
! Shirley joined McKendree church in 1960 after starting her family and hoping for a
welcoming church that was near to her home.
! Because of all these accomplishments, McKendree United Methodist Church has been
chosen as the site for a historical landmark. Working with the Ohio Historical Society (OHS),
McKendree will be recognized for the rich history it holds. A grant entitled the Congressional
Academy Grant may contribute $2,500 to create a plaque monument in honor of the Church.
Becki Trivison of the OHS is the project director for the Congressional Academy Grant and
provided funds for three Linden McKinley students to travel to Ohio University this past summer
to learn history and research skills. Ideally, the project will be completed by April 2009.
! As Linden continues to grow, the church in contrast struggles to expand the
congregation. The older, mostly white members make efforts to connect with the younger,
African-American population of Linden, but the demographic gap makes this a challenge. Much
of the history of McKendree lies in the committed people like Georgene, Mary Jane, Shirley and
Norm. “We’re a very friendly church,” said Mary Jane. “Almost like a big family.” In meeting
these four outgoing and active people, it’s obvious that Mary Jane speaks the truth. In regards to
inviting new people into their church, Norm is excited at the prospect, saying, “We’re open
always to try new things.”
! There will be a ceremony to dedicate McKendree as a historical landmark in the coming
months.
###
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 7
Linden’s Leading FiguresGreater Linden Development Corporation
FEATURE ARTICLES ON IMPORTANT LEADING FIGURES IN LINDEN
”History is a kind of introduction to more interesting people than we can possibly meet in our
restricted lives; let us not neglect the opportunity.” - Dexter Perkins
! We started our research by typing in “Linden McKinley Alumni” into Google search
engine. From there, it took us to Wikipedia and gave me a list of well-know people who have
graduated from Linden McKinley High School. It was interesting because the majority of the
people it mentioned were boxers. We knew that was not a very good example to set for the
community, so we decided to settle on Gene T. Harris, Columbus Public Schools
Superintendent and Ned Pettus, Columbus Fire Chief. They both graduated from the high
school and live in the Columbus area.
! Once we made our decision on who we were going to write about, we decided to do some
research on our own on the internet. We found some information, but we knew we didn’t have
enough. It never hurts to have too much information! We made a trip down to the Linden Public
Library. The librarians were very helpful. One of them told us about a very good search engine
called NewsBank. We found a large amount of articles about Harris and Pettus through there.
The information that we were finding was great because it started way back when they may have
started their career, up until now. Then we were informed about a couple books that would be
helpful that we could check out. They were called, Who’s Who in Black Columbus. They both
had a lot of information in them that we needed. Once we put all of my research together, we
started to write about the two of them.
We hope the GLDC can use these two profiles to start a group of historical profiles of
other Linden Leading Figures. This is something that can be posted on the GLDC website!
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 8
Gene T. Harris
Superintendent of SchoolsColumbus Public Schools
Gene T. Harris is the 19th superintendent of Columbus Public Schools since 2001. She is
currently in charge of the second largest Ohio school district.
! Harris graduated from Linden-McKinley High School in 1971. What she remembers
most about high school were the exceptional teachers who had her best interests at heart and
taught her that there was nothing she could not accomplish.
! “During high school, the books I read, such as Invisible Man and Native Son, gave me
voice and helped me understand what was going on in the nation. As I was getting ready for
college, I knew I wanted to do something influential to help others progress in a positive way,”
Harris said.
! Harris majored in English and received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University
of Notre Dame. Then she returned back to Ohio, so she could complete her graduate work in
educational administration, while earning her master’s degree from the Ohio State University
and doctorate from Ohio University.
! After completing her education, she became a teacher for Columbus Public Schools.
From there, she moved up to an administrative position as the assistant principal of Central High
School. Then in 1995, she was the assistant superintendent for the Ohio Department of
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 9
Education. Once returning to Columbus Public Schools in 2000 as deputy superintendent, the
very next year, she became the district’s superintendent.
! Right after Harris became the superintendent, the schools went into academic
emergency status. She was able to move the district to academic watch by 2003 and the state
requirements changed.
! By the year of 2012, Harris would like a 90 percent graduation rate. The rates have
increased by 16 percent since 2002 and the districts are making wonderful strides for students to
go onto college. She would also like to see more parental involvement, which is vital for the
district’s continued progress.
! “I believe that most parents, regardless of their economic status, still want the best for
their children. In our school system we focus on educating every child and we are seeking more
support from parents to ensure their children’s success,” Harris said.
! Harris knows with the school district she is running, there are still going to be difficult
challenges, but she is confident that the district will meet every one of the measurable gains.
! “We are continuing to implement programs that will enhance teaching and learning.
Last year we started focusing more on math, science and foreign language credits that middle
school students can earn before high school. There is still much to be done, but with our
commitment I believe that some of the best minds will continue to come from public education,”
Harris said.
! She has received the Ingram Award for outstanding leadership as a principal. The YWCA
gave her the Woman of Achievement award. She also received the Martin Luther King, Jr.
Dreamer, Champion of Children, Children Hunger Alliance 2005 Educator of the Year and the
Buckingham Doolittle and Burroughs Stellar Performer awards.
! Harris is on the Board of Trustees of Ohio University, the Board of the United Way of
Central Ohio, the Central Ohio Workforce Investment Board and a Sunday school teacher and
Trustee at the Mt. Olivet Baptist Church.
! She is married to Stanley Harris and they have one son, Wade Thomas Harris.
###
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 10
Ned Pettus, Jr.
Fire Chief
Columbus Division of Fire
!
Ned Pettus, Jr. has been the fire chief for Columbus Division of Fire since March 26, 2002 and
still is. He is the first African American to attain this rank. He first joined the division on January
24, 1977.
! Pettus was born in Columbus on Nov. 19, 1951 and was the second of three children. His
family moved from several central city neighborhoods, but finally settled down in the South
Linden area.
! He graduated from Linden McKinley High School in 1969 and took a job as an orderly in
Dodd Hall at the Ohio State University Medical Center. He also was in the insurance business
and obtained a real-estate license. But his career path began to change once a nurse at Dodd Hall
mentioned to him that the city was looking for fire recruits.
! In 1988, Pettus was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and was assigned to the Fire
Prevention Bureau, where he was suppose to supervise the public assembly and school
inspections. Shortly after that he became Captain in 1991, where he wrote and developed the
standard operating procedures for the Division’s Fire Investigation Unit. He served as the unit’s
first Commander.
! In 1993, he was promoted to the rank of Battalion Chief and served as the Battalion Chief
Relief Officer on 1-unit. Four years later, he was promoted to the rank of Deputy Chief and
served as the Commander of the Division’s Emergency Services on 3-unit.
-more-
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 11
! Pettus was promoted to Assistant Chief in 2001 and was in charge of the Division’s Fire
Prevention Bureau.
! The following year, he was officially appointed the City’s twentieth Fire Chief. Pettus
called it an “incredible opportunity.” He is the first chief to work under a charter amendment
that voters approved which limited fire and police chiefs to two five-year terms.
! “It’s obvious I have great love for the fire department,” Pettus said, who had worked hard
and made his way up from a firefighter in the Clintonville and Linden areas to the division’s top
spot.
! Mayor Michael Coleman was asked if it was important for him to choose an African
American chief and he said he made his decision based on qualifications and merit.
! “It’s an old cliché to say you like to help people, but if there ever was a job that involved
helping people, this is it,” Pettus said.
! Pettus is a member of the Columbus Urban League, Columbus Metropolitan Club,
Kiwanis Club of Columbus and Mt. Hermon Missionary Baptist Church. He also is on the board
of directors of the J. Ashburn Youth Center and member of the Simon Kenton Council Urban
Scouting Program and Salvation Army.
! Pettus comes from a family of firefighters. His brother, Robert, is a Columbus fire
inspector, his cousin, Bill Reedus, is an arson investigator and his son Ned Jamar, is a firefighter
in the Polaris area.
! He and his wife, Lonette, have four children and three grandchildren. He resides in the
Columbus area.
###
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 12
Helpful Public Relations TacticsGreater Linden Development Corporation
SOCIAL MEDIA MONITORING PROPOSAL
! Social media is considered an aspect of PR 2. 0, or the next
generation in public relations. By consistently tracking social
media outlets, an organization can be forerunners in public
relations. What follows is an overview of a social media concept
that can be implemented into your organization.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 13
Social Media Proposal: RSS feeds
A) Rationale:
1. What opportunities exist:
! ! By using RSS feeds, the GLDC can search for things they want to by using
filters. The GLDC can subscribe to feeds to stay updated on issues that are relevant to the
GLDC. For example by subscribing to receive information about certain blogs the GLDC
will be able to keep up to date on what people are saying about Linden. The GLDC can also
use this resource to study other cities going through the same kind of issues that Linden is
having. This would also be an opportunity to gather positive stories or issues going on in
Linden. After gathering positive info (to shape a more positive image of Linden), a GLDC
employee can easily organize all the information on a wiki. This will allow the GLDC to keep
a positive image to outside sources with little effort.
!
2. How might this help solve PR concerns?
! ! RSS feeds makes it possible for the GLDC to have positive information readily
available for themselves, media outlets and opinion leaders. It is crucial that the feeds and
wiki are organized well and show a wide variety of information such as: blogs, news stories
and social media outlets (i.e. facebook, twitter). By monitoring available sources there will be
a more proactive public relations approach by the GLDC.
B) Background:
1. Who is using it?
! ! Most large businesses have a public relations team that keeps a close eye on what
people (i.e. bloggers) are saying. Blogs are public, and anyone can make a blog- which can be
very dangerous. By subscribing to RSS feeds information can be read about the corporation
through filters. RSS feeds do not take much time to search through, but looking for that same
information on the web can take you four times as long! Limited Brands Inc. uses RSS feeds to
keep up to date on current issues in order to be proactive in a fast paced communication
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 14
environment. Limited Brands Inc. monitors all types of social media and has a report that goes
out bi-weekly notifying communication teams about what is being said about the company.
!
! 2. What is it?
! ! RSS feeds are used to make finding information on the internet easy! Instead of
searching everyday for information (which can be time consuming), the info can come to you
instead! RSS feeds allows a corporation to have information at its fingertips. RSS feeds are a
proactive tool used by public relations professionals.
!
! 3. How is it applied to PR?
! ! I feel that as a public relations professional being proactive is the way to go.
Having RSS feeds just makes being proactive that much easier! It is important that public
relations professionals to be knowledgeable and educated about current issues inside and
outside the corporation. By understanding what is going on you can address the situation by
taking the correct steps to solve the issues. A lot research has to be done to see how corporations
respond to issues, especially related to media. This may be extremely helpful in the GLDC’s
case. By doing research about how other corporations have dealt with negative press, the GLDC
may be able to come up with an educated solution to the problem they have with media. Media is
so important because it is the way for the public to connect with corporations. Today, those
mediums are so accessible to anyone. Technically, anyone can start a blog and become a
journalist. This allows both accurate and non-accurate information to reach millions of people!
By observing blogs and knowing where your corporation has been mentioned in the media a
public relations team can be proactive in communication. It is imperative to know when and
where you are getting any sort of coverage. Even the most minute mention of your corporation in
a blog can potentially turn into something huge. Being observant and proactive puts a positive
reputation on your corporation and that is what every public relations professional wants!
C) Steps of integration:
1. Figure out what Web sites you look at the most
a. Google Search/News: Linden, Ohio
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 15
2. From that list of Web sites add media sites that you think would cover your
corporation
a. Columbus Dispatch
3. Use normal search engines to keep up to date on searches for the corporation
4. Sign up for a Web site to manage your RSS feeds:
a. Netvibes
b. Google
c. Bloglines
5. Add RSS feeds by going to your Web sites on your list and clicking on the RSS logo
The RSS logo is usually orange and once you click on it you can copy and
paste the URL into your managing Web site (i.e. Netvibes)!
6. After you have set up your page you will be able to manage blogs and observe media
outlets
7. Once you have collected some positive information about Linden, you can organize
that on a wiki so that media outlets and opinion leaders can look at the collection of
information.
D) Track Effectiveness:
1. You can track effectiveness by continuing to monitor blogs and other social media
outlets. See what everyone is saying about GLDC and Linden, you will be able to track
your own progress! Also, see how much traffic your wiki is getting or even your GLDC
Web site.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 16
GLDC Public Relations PlanGreater Linden Development Corporation
GENERAL PR PLAN FOR GLDC
A public relations plan involves eight parts:
• Problem/Situation Analysis
• Objectives
• Audience
• Strategies
• Tactics
• Evaluation
• Timeline
• Budget
! A public relations plan lays out something that your organization can improve on. Public
relations professionals use this approach to come up with a well rounded solution to the
problem. A usual PR plan is very thorough and is well thought out so it can be implemented.
What follows is an example of a public relations plan for the GLDC. It only includes the four of
the eight steps.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 17
"The mission of the Greater Linden Development Corporation is to improve the quality of life in
the Greater Linden Community through housing and economic development, planning,
coordinating of services, and other community-building activities.”
Situation Analysis
! The Greater Linden Development Corporation, which has been supporting the Linden
community since 1994, is a direct result of the caring residents of the Linden area. The residents
of Linden are passionate about their community and are trying to spread their energy past the
boundaries of the Linden community. The Greater Linden Development Corporation shares the
enthusiasm of the citizens by attempting to improve the quality of life through five initiatives:
business and economic development, housing, community development, planning and
coordination and community safety and beautification.
! The Greater Linden Development Corporation has achieved great things throughout its
14 years of existence. The GLDC prides itself through fiscal integrity. It also has been extremely
efficient with few resources. The GLDC is also unique in that, it has one of the only six City-
certified homebuyer education programs in Ohio. In 2006, GLDC was the recipient of the
Columbus Compact Award of Excellence for Neighborhood Life.
! The GLDC’s programs are often in cooperation with city departments and
neighborhood organizations which requires constant communication. The GLDC emphasizes
the idea of doing what is best for the community. This often means working with partnership
organizations so that the GLDC can fulfill its mission.
! Although the GLDC has worked extremely hard to overcome the obstacles in Greater
Linden by developing successful programs, it still has a few hurdles left to jump. The GLDC has
limited financial and staff resources of the corporation - not due to the lack of knowledge within
the organization. Considering the position of the U.S. economy, all non-profit organizations are
encountering financial struggles.
! In previous years the Greater Linden area has seen high levels in crime. In the past few
years, partially due to the impact of the GLDC, Greater Linden has seen these levels drop.
Because people tend to focus on negativity, the Greater Linden area has been tainted with a
negative image. Media gatekeepers and opinion leaders need to be reached and redirected to the
positive aspects of Greater Linden.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 18
! People want to invest time and money into something positive; therefore it is imperative
for the GLDC to reach out to the different media gatekeepers and opinion leaders to reposition
the image people perceive the Greater Linden area to be. When executed correctly, media can be
powerful and free.
! What follows is a plan to help generate a favorable and encouraging image to portray to
influential people in society.
Objectives
1. Find positive news stories throughout the Greater Linden community.
2. Generate positive opinions about the Greater Linden community.
3. Build relationships with key media outlets.
Strategies
1. Search for positive news-worthy stories: In order for something to be news-worthy it needs to
be timely, prominent, proximate, significant, unique, interesting, conflicting and news-worthy.
We need to find some topics that include some of these characteristics, but that are positive.
Some stories could be:
• A hometown hero: a local police officer or firefighter that has saved someone’s life.
• A person that has become a prominent positive public figure from the Greater Linden
area.
• Environmentally friendly individuals or business in the Greater Linden area.
2. Reach media outlets: We need to find media outlets that will feature a positive story about the
Greater Linden community. By constructing positive news releases and distributing them to
the correct media sources we can create a positive buzz about the Greater Linden area.
Audience
1. Primary Audience:
•Media Gatekeepers and Opinion Leaders
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 19
•Greater Linden Community
•Surrounding Greater Linden areas
2. Secondary Audience
★ Residents outside of Franklin County
★ Other community leaders and organizations within Franklin County
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 20
BIBLIOGRAPHY
Kathleen HeringtonPastor at McKendree United Methodist ChurchFriday November 14, 2008. 10:00am-12:00pm3330 Cleveland AvenueColumbus Ohio, 43224(614) 267-5451Mckendreeumc@earthlink.net
Georgene Davis, Mary Jane Lynch, Shirley Hall, Norm HobsonMonday November 17, 2008. 3:15-5:00pm3330 Cleveland Avenue McKendree United Methodist ChurchColumbus Ohio 43224
Becki TrivisonOhio Historical Society Consultant(614)297-2527Rtrivison@ohiohistory.org
Epsy, Ben. Who’s Who in Black Columbus. Columbus Oh, 2005.
Beatty, Otto. Who’s Who in Black Columbus. Columbus Oh, 2006.
“District to Restructure Linden-Area Schools as Pre-K-12 College Prep.” Greater Linden News. <Columbus>. March/April 2008. Page 2.
Ferenchik, Mark. “New Chief Cites Hydrants as Priority.” NewsBank Inc. The Columbus Dispatch, Home Final Ed. 27 March 2002. http://infoweb.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org
“Gene T. Harris.” Franklin University Leadership Center. 2008. Franklin University. 9 November 2008. http://www.franklinleadershipcenter.com/leadership.org
“Ned Pettus, Jr.” City of Columbus. 16 October 2008. The Columbus Division of Fire. http://fire.ci.columbus.oh.us/Bureaus/Chiefts%20Office/Biography.htm
Smith, Starita. “New Mifflin Principal on Fast Track.” NewsBank Inc. The Columbus Dispatch, Home Final Ed. 20 May 1987.http://infoweb.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org
“Linden Lore”, a collection of newspaper articles bound together and put as a refrence book on the third floor of the Columbus Public Library: Item number 1305963330.
“History of Linden”, a book written by students of Linden High. This book is bound and if found in the same spot as “Linden Lore” in the Columbus Public Library: Item number 1305671271.
GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 21
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