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The Importance of History The Greater Linden Development Corporation: Linden, Ohio

Cortney Moore, Stephanie Perry, Brooke StullComm 310: Otterbein College • Partners with GLDC • November 20, 2008

GLDC • donna Hicho- Executive Director • Otterbein College 1

Table of Contents

Why is History Important?

History Features Intro 2

History of Linden: Timeline

Timeline 3

Historical Marker Feature

McKendree Church Historical Marker Feature 5

Linden’s Leading Figures

Feature Articles on Important Leading Figures in Linden 8

Helpful Public Relations Tactics

Social Media Monitoring Proposal 13

GLDC Public Relations Plan

General PR Plan For GLDC 17

Bibliography 21


Why is History Important?Greater Linden Development Corporation

HISTORY FEATURES INTRO

“History with its flickering lamp stumbles along the trail of the past, trying to

reconstruct its scenes, to revive its echoes, and kindle with pale gleams the

passion of former days.” - Winston Churchill

! This project was intended to help the GLDC gather information about the history of the

community it is so passionate about. Linden has a rich past, but it was hard to track. In

constructing this project we hope to help the GLDC start to document the history of the Linden

community. Our approach to documenting the history of Linden has been formulated into public

relations tactics. We to hope shine light on the idea of history and its importance. For as

Winston Churchill said, “kindle with pale gleams the passion of former days,”: we hope to have

lit the match to start the light that will gleam onto the history of Linden.


History of Linden: TimelineGreater Linden Development Corporation

TIMELINE

One of the best public relations tactics is having information easily accessible. In order to have

the history of Linden in an organized and creative fashion, we chose to construct a timeline of the

brief history of Linden. Trying to gather information to make the timeline was a journey. The

first place we decided to look was at the Linden Library. The Linden Library was a great place to

start, but they didn’t have the books we needed to complete the timeline. Next, we journeyed to

the Columbus Public Library where we had to search through the reference book section to find

the two items about Linden. Although both of these books were very small, they were filled with a

lot of great information. From that information we searched for dates to include into our

timeline. We hope that the GLDC can use this timeline to help people outside Linden

understand the history of Linden.

”If you want to understand today, you have to search yesterday.” -Pearl Buck


1783Revolutionary War Ends 1800

George Steveson, M.D. of Wilmington,

Del. was given deed to land by the

government. This land was given

to soldiers for their time in the

revolutionary way.

1802Mr. Denune, one of Linden’s first

settlers, settled in North Linden

1832McKendree Church was organized as a

Sunday School. Meeting at homes of

church members.1849McKendree Church is built.

1893Columbus Central Railway Co., an

electric street car company, went into

operation.1901Linden Heights Methodist Church

started meeting in a one-room school

house with 25 members. 1904Linden Heights Church building was

completed.1905Kohr Memorial Presbyterian Church

was established with 18 members. 1909Dr. L.H. Mann becomes Linden’s first

Mayor.1910Linden schools went into city school

district. This was joint effort between

Clinton Township and Columbus Board

of Education.

1913• Cleveland Avenue is paved with

bricks.

• Linden Methodist Church is

destroyed in fire.

• 1st Linden newspaper started by the

Colton brothers

1914A new church was built for the Linden

Methodist Church lighted by electricity.

1920• A sewer system, street lights, street

numbering,repaving of Cleveland

Avenue is put into place.

1923Linden Library is started.

Linden wins bond issue to finance

construction of Cleveland Avenue

underpass.

19261927Cyclone hits Linden but no one is

injured. The Linden Baptist Church is

severly damaged by the storm.

1951Cleveland Avenue is repaved with

asphalt.

1962Greyhound bus service is put in place

in Linden.

1994GLDC Founded

History of Linden: Timeline

1966Interstate 71 was built through Linden.

This dramatically changed the lives of

Linden Citizens.

1954Brown vs. Board of Education ruled

that schools begin integration.


Historical Marker FeatureGreater Linden Development Corporation

MCKENDREE CHURCH HISTORICAL MARKER FEATURE

! We thought that it was important for people to understand the inside story of historical

landmarks in Linden. The best place we thought to write about was McKendree United

Methodist Church. It was a bit of a struggle at first to gather some information, but after a few

trips to the Linden Library and a few phone calls- we got a lot of great information. The best

source, however, ended up being the people of the church. We took a trip to McKendree United

Methodist Church and interviewed Pastor Kathi and several members of the congregation. We

hope that this feature story can help the GLDC by having a document about a historical landmark

in town. This feature can be featured on the GLDC’s Web site.

“History is a novel for which people are the author.” - Alfred de Vigny

! Kathleen Herington, known in her four years at McKendree as Pastor Kathi opens the

door with a smile. She speaks of McKendree’s congregation with pride, saying that although the

members are an older crowd, they are full of energy and pride for their church. Kathi talks about

the community outreach McKendree strives to provide.

-more-


! McKendree United Methodist Church was founded in 1832, when the patrons would

come together in the homes of one another to worship. In 1849, the first church structure was

built, near the current location on Cleveland Avenue. The founding members of the church are

buried in the historical cemetery on a small plot to the north of the current church. The cemetery

also holds several influential community members from the 1800’s, as well as civil war veterans.

! Sisters Georgene Davis and Mary Jane Lynch became members of McKendree in 1942.

Finishing one another’s sentences, they talk about the cemetery as if it were an old friend. “The

cemetery seems like such a part of the church, I don’t know if I’d recognize [the church] without

it!” said Georgene. Several years ago, the church decided to expand the parking lot and each

sister hoped that no one from the burial ground was covered. “Although they might be safer

under there!” Mary Jane commented.

! In the 176 years since its founding, McKendree has built a repertoire of community

outreach and service. Dating back to the 1970’s McKendree has operated a food pantry. Though

it has undergone many changes over the years, the pantry has always provided meals for those in

need. Today, the church has partnered with a church in Powell to provide goods and manpower

for the pantry. In summer 2008, the pantry changed formats to allow visitors to choose their own

food as opposed to the food being chosen for them. The pantry is set up like a grocery store and

continues to welcome visitors on a regular basis.

! McKendree is such a welcoming community that they share their space with a second

congregation, called Ebenezer. The members of this second congregation are mostly from

Ghana and spend Sunday afternoons worshiping in the halls of McKendree. “They come in there

with their robes flowing and kids running around,” laughed Norm Hobson.

! Norm Hobson is the church historian and began his time with McKendree in 1962. Norm

was married here and raised his family within the McKendree community.

! Currently, McKendree uses their space for Alcoholics Anonymous meetings, the

Salvation Army Christmas Giving, and as a place for teaching English as a second language

courses to many members of Linden’s Somali population.

-more-


! McKendree was recognized at the 2008 Awards and Gratitude Banquet as Church of the

Year for contributions made to the community by helping 5th grade students at Huy Elementary.

! McKendree patrons spend afternoons helping students practice reading and writing

skills. The nomination for this award came from the staff members at Huy Elementary. Shirley

Hall boasted what a great honor it was to be recognized.

! Shirley joined McKendree church in 1960 after starting her family and hoping for a

welcoming church that was near to her home.

! Because of all these accomplishments, McKendree United Methodist Church has been

chosen as the site for a historical landmark. Working with the Ohio Historical Society (OHS),

McKendree will be recognized for the rich history it holds. A grant entitled the Congressional

Academy Grant may contribute $2,500 to create a plaque monument in honor of the Church.

Becki Trivison of the OHS is the project director for the Congressional Academy Grant and

provided funds for three Linden McKinley students to travel to Ohio University this past summer

to learn history and research skills. Ideally, the project will be completed by April 2009.

! As Linden continues to grow, the church in contrast struggles to expand the

congregation. The older, mostly white members make efforts to connect with the younger,

African-American population of Linden, but the demographic gap makes this a challenge. Much

of the history of McKendree lies in the committed people like Georgene, Mary Jane, Shirley and

Norm. “We’re a very friendly church,” said Mary Jane. “Almost like a big family.” In meeting

these four outgoing and active people, it’s obvious that Mary Jane speaks the truth. In regards to

inviting new people into their church, Norm is excited at the prospect, saying, “We’re open

always to try new things.”

! There will be a ceremony to dedicate McKendree as a historical landmark in the coming

months.

###


Linden’s Leading FiguresGreater Linden Development Corporation

FEATURE ARTICLES ON IMPORTANT LEADING FIGURES IN LINDEN

”History is a kind of introduction to more interesting people than we can possibly meet in our

restricted lives; let us not neglect the opportunity.” - Dexter Perkins

! We started our research by typing in “Linden McKinley Alumni” into Google search

engine. From there, it took us to Wikipedia and gave me a list of well-know people who have

graduated from Linden McKinley High School. It was interesting because the majority of the

people it mentioned were boxers. We knew that was not a very good example to set for the

community, so we decided to settle on Gene T. Harris, Columbus Public Schools

Superintendent and Ned Pettus, Columbus Fire Chief. They both graduated from the high

school and live in the Columbus area.

! Once we made our decision on who we were going to write about, we decided to do some

research on our own on the internet. We found some information, but we knew we didn’t have

enough. It never hurts to have too much information! We made a trip down to the Linden Public

Library. The librarians were very helpful. One of them told us about a very good search engine

called NewsBank. We found a large amount of articles about Harris and Pettus through there.

The information that we were finding was great because it started way back when they may have

started their career, up until now. Then we were informed about a couple books that would be

helpful that we could check out. They were called, Who’s Who in Black Columbus. They both

had a lot of information in them that we needed. Once we put all of my research together, we

started to write about the two of them.

We hope the GLDC can use these two profiles to start a group of historical profiles of

other Linden Leading Figures. This is something that can be posted on the GLDC website!


Gene T. Harris

Superintendent of SchoolsColumbus Public Schools

Gene T. Harris is the 19th superintendent of Columbus Public Schools since 2001. She is

currently in charge of the second largest Ohio school district.

! Harris graduated from Linden-McKinley High School in 1971. What she remembers

most about high school were the exceptional teachers who had her best interests at heart and

taught her that there was nothing she could not accomplish.

! “During high school, the books I read, such as Invisible Man and Native Son, gave me

voice and helped me understand what was going on in the nation. As I was getting ready for

college, I knew I wanted to do something influential to help others progress in a positive way,”

Harris said.

! Harris majored in English and received her Bachelor of Arts degree from the University

of Notre Dame. Then she returned back to Ohio, so she could complete her graduate work in

educational administration, while earning her master’s degree from the Ohio State University

and doctorate from Ohio University.

! After completing her education, she became a teacher for Columbus Public Schools.

From there, she moved up to an administrative position as the assistant principal of Central High

School. Then in 1995, she was the assistant superintendent for the Ohio Department of


Education. Once returning to Columbus Public Schools in 2000 as deputy superintendent, the

very next year, she became the district’s superintendent.

! Right after Harris became the superintendent, the schools went into academic

emergency status. She was able to move the district to academic watch by 2003 and the state

requirements changed.

! By the year of 2012, Harris would like a 90 percent graduation rate. The rates have

increased by 16 percent since 2002 and the districts are making wonderful strides for students to

go onto college. She would also like to see more parental involvement, which is vital for the

district’s continued progress.

! “I believe that most parents, regardless of their economic status, still want the best for

their children. In our school system we focus on educating every child and we are seeking more

support from parents to ensure their children’s success,” Harris said.

! Harris knows with the school district she is running, there are still going to be difficult

challenges, but she is confident that the district will meet every one of the measurable gains.

! “We are continuing to implement programs that will enhance teaching and learning.

Last year we started focusing more on math, science and foreign language credits that middle

school students can earn before high school. There is still much to be done, but with our

commitment I believe that some of the best minds will continue to come from public education,”

Harris said.

! She has received the Ingram Award for outstanding leadership as a principal. The YWCA

gave her the Woman of Achievement award. She also received the Martin Luther King, Jr.

Dreamer, Champion of Children, Children Hunger Alliance 2005 Educator of the Year and the

Buckingham Doolittle and Burroughs Stellar Performer awards.

! Harris is on the Board of Trustees of Ohio University, the Board of the United Way of

Central Ohio, the Central Ohio Workforce Investment Board and a Sunday school teacher and

Trustee at the Mt. Olivet Baptist Church.

! She is married to Stanley Harris and they have one son, Wade Thomas Harris.

###


Ned Pettus, Jr.

Fire Chief

Columbus Division of Fire

!

Ned Pettus, Jr. has been the fire chief for Columbus Division of Fire since March 26, 2002 and

still is. He is the first African American to attain this rank. He first joined the division on January

24, 1977.

! Pettus was born in Columbus on Nov. 19, 1951 and was the second of three children. His

family moved from several central city neighborhoods, but finally settled down in the South

Linden area.

! He graduated from Linden McKinley High School in 1969 and took a job as an orderly in

Dodd Hall at the Ohio State University Medical Center. He also was in the insurance business

and obtained a real-estate license. But his career path began to change once a nurse at Dodd Hall

mentioned to him that the city was looking for fire recruits.

! In 1988, Pettus was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant and was assigned to the Fire

Prevention Bureau, where he was suppose to supervise the public assembly and school

inspections. Shortly after that he became Captain in 1991, where he wrote and developed the

standard operating procedures for the Division’s Fire Investigation Unit. He served as the unit’s

first Commander.

! In 1993, he was promoted to the rank of Battalion Chief and served as the Battalion Chief

Relief Officer on 1-unit. Four years later, he was promoted to the rank of Deputy Chief and

served as the Commander of the Division’s Emergency Services on 3-unit.

-more-


! Pettus was promoted to Assistant Chief in 2001 and was in charge of the Division’s Fire

Prevention Bureau.

! The following year, he was officially appointed the City’s twentieth Fire Chief. Pettus

called it an “incredible opportunity.” He is the first chief to work under a charter amendment

that voters approved which limited fire and police chiefs to two five-year terms.

! “It’s obvious I have great love for the fire department,” Pettus said, who had worked hard

and made his way up from a firefighter in the Clintonville and Linden areas to the division’s top

spot.

! Mayor Michael Coleman was asked if it was important for him to choose an African

American chief and he said he made his decision based on qualifications and merit.

! “It’s an old cliché to say you like to help people, but if there ever was a job that involved

helping people, this is it,” Pettus said.

! Pettus is a member of the Columbus Urban League, Columbus Metropolitan Club,

Kiwanis Club of Columbus and Mt. Hermon Missionary Baptist Church. He also is on the board

of directors of the J. Ashburn Youth Center and member of the Simon Kenton Council Urban

Scouting Program and Salvation Army.

! Pettus comes from a family of firefighters. His brother, Robert, is a Columbus fire

inspector, his cousin, Bill Reedus, is an arson investigator and his son Ned Jamar, is a firefighter

in the Polaris area.

! He and his wife, Lonette, have four children and three grandchildren. He resides in the

Columbus area.

###


Helpful Public Relations TacticsGreater Linden Development Corporation

SOCIAL MEDIA MONITORING PROPOSAL

! Social media is considered an aspect of PR 2. 0, or the next

generation in public relations. By consistently tracking social

media outlets, an organization can be forerunners in public

relations. What follows is an overview of a social media concept

that can be implemented into your organization.


Social Media Proposal: RSS feeds

A) Rationale:

1. What opportunities exist:

! ! By using RSS feeds, the GLDC can search for things they want to by using

filters. The GLDC can subscribe to feeds to stay updated on issues that are relevant to the

GLDC. For example by subscribing to receive information about certain blogs the GLDC

will be able to keep up to date on what people are saying about Linden. The GLDC can also

use this resource to study other cities going through the same kind of issues that Linden is

having. This would also be an opportunity to gather positive stories or issues going on in

Linden. After gathering positive info (to shape a more positive image of Linden), a GLDC

employee can easily organize all the information on a wiki. This will allow the GLDC to keep

a positive image to outside sources with little effort.

!

2. How might this help solve PR concerns?

! ! RSS feeds makes it possible for the GLDC to have positive information readily

available for themselves, media outlets and opinion leaders. It is crucial that the feeds and

wiki are organized well and show a wide variety of information such as: blogs, news stories

and social media outlets (i.e. facebook, twitter). By monitoring available sources there will be

a more proactive public relations approach by the GLDC.

B) Background:

1. Who is using it?

! ! Most large businesses have a public relations team that keeps a close eye on what

people (i.e. bloggers) are saying. Blogs are public, and anyone can make a blog- which can be

very dangerous. By subscribing to RSS feeds information can be read about the corporation

through filters. RSS feeds do not take much time to search through, but looking for that same

information on the web can take you four times as long! Limited Brands Inc. uses RSS feeds to

keep up to date on current issues in order to be proactive in a fast paced communication


environment. Limited Brands Inc. monitors all types of social media and has a report that goes

out bi-weekly notifying communication teams about what is being said about the company.

!

! 2. What is it?

! ! RSS feeds are used to make finding information on the internet easy! Instead of

searching everyday for information (which can be time consuming), the info can come to you

instead! RSS feeds allows a corporation to have information at its fingertips. RSS feeds are a

proactive tool used by public relations professionals.

!

! 3. How is it applied to PR?

! ! I feel that as a public relations professional being proactive is the way to go.

Having RSS feeds just makes being proactive that much easier! It is important that public

relations professionals to be knowledgeable and educated about current issues inside and

outside the corporation. By understanding what is going on you can address the situation by

taking the correct steps to solve the issues. A lot research has to be done to see how corporations

respond to issues, especially related to media. This may be extremely helpful in the GLDC’s

case. By doing research about how other corporations have dealt with negative press, the GLDC

may be able to come up with an educated solution to the problem they have with media. Media is

so important because it is the way for the public to connect with corporations. Today, those

mediums are so accessible to anyone. Technically, anyone can start a blog and become a

journalist. This allows both accurate and non-accurate information to reach millions of people!

By observing blogs and knowing where your corporation has been mentioned in the media a

public relations team can be proactive in communication. It is imperative to know when and

where you are getting any sort of coverage. Even the most minute mention of your corporation in

a blog can potentially turn into something huge. Being observant and proactive puts a positive

reputation on your corporation and that is what every public relations professional wants!

C) Steps of integration:

1. Figure out what Web sites you look at the most

a. Google Search/News: Linden, Ohio


2. From that list of Web sites add media sites that you think would cover your

corporation

a. Columbus Dispatch

3. Use normal search engines to keep up to date on searches for the corporation

4. Sign up for a Web site to manage your RSS feeds:

a. Netvibes

b. Google

c. Bloglines

5. Add RSS feeds by going to your Web sites on your list and clicking on the RSS logo

The RSS logo is usually orange and once you click on it you can copy and

paste the URL into your managing Web site (i.e. Netvibes)!

6. After you have set up your page you will be able to manage blogs and observe media

outlets

7. Once you have collected some positive information about Linden, you can organize

that on a wiki so that media outlets and opinion leaders can look at the collection of

information.

D) Track Effectiveness:

1. You can track effectiveness by continuing to monitor blogs and other social media

outlets. See what everyone is saying about GLDC and Linden, you will be able to track

your own progress! Also, see how much traffic your wiki is getting or even your GLDC

Web site.


GLDC Public Relations PlanGreater Linden Development Corporation

GENERAL PR PLAN FOR GLDC

A public relations plan involves eight parts:

• Problem/Situation Analysis

• Objectives

• Audience

• Strategies

• Tactics

• Evaluation

• Timeline

• Budget

! A public relations plan lays out something that your organization can improve on. Public

relations professionals use this approach to come up with a well rounded solution to the

problem. A usual PR plan is very thorough and is well thought out so it can be implemented.

What follows is an example of a public relations plan for the GLDC. It only includes the four of

the eight steps.


"The mission of the Greater Linden Development Corporation is to improve the quality of life in

the Greater Linden Community through housing and economic development, planning,

coordinating of services, and other community-building activities.”

Situation Analysis

! The Greater Linden Development Corporation, which has been supporting the Linden

community since 1994, is a direct result of the caring residents of the Linden area. The residents

of Linden are passionate about their community and are trying to spread their energy past the

boundaries of the Linden community. The Greater Linden Development Corporation shares the

enthusiasm of the citizens by attempting to improve the quality of life through five initiatives:

business and economic development, housing, community development, planning and

coordination and community safety and beautification.

! The Greater Linden Development Corporation has achieved great things throughout its

14 years of existence. The GLDC prides itself through fiscal integrity. It also has been extremely

efficient with few resources. The GLDC is also unique in that, it has one of the only six City-

certified homebuyer education programs in Ohio. In 2006, GLDC was the recipient of the

Columbus Compact Award of Excellence for Neighborhood Life.

! The GLDC’s programs are often in cooperation with city departments and

neighborhood organizations which requires constant communication. The GLDC emphasizes

the idea of doing what is best for the community. This often means working with partnership

organizations so that the GLDC can fulfill its mission.

! Although the GLDC has worked extremely hard to overcome the obstacles in Greater

Linden by developing successful programs, it still has a few hurdles left to jump. The GLDC has

limited financial and staff resources of the corporation - not due to the lack of knowledge within

the organization. Considering the position of the U.S. economy, all non-profit organizations are

encountering financial struggles.

! In previous years the Greater Linden area has seen high levels in crime. In the past few

years, partially due to the impact of the GLDC, Greater Linden has seen these levels drop.

Because people tend to focus on negativity, the Greater Linden area has been tainted with a

negative image. Media gatekeepers and opinion leaders need to be reached and redirected to the

positive aspects of Greater Linden.


! People want to invest time and money into something positive; therefore it is imperative

for the GLDC to reach out to the different media gatekeepers and opinion leaders to reposition

the image people perceive the Greater Linden area to be. When executed correctly, media can be

powerful and free.

! What follows is a plan to help generate a favorable and encouraging image to portray to

influential people in society.

Objectives

1. Find positive news stories throughout the Greater Linden community.

2. Generate positive opinions about the Greater Linden community.

3. Build relationships with key media outlets.

Strategies

1. Search for positive news-worthy stories: In order for something to be news-worthy it needs to

be timely, prominent, proximate, significant, unique, interesting, conflicting and news-worthy.

We need to find some topics that include some of these characteristics, but that are positive.

Some stories could be:

• A hometown hero: a local police officer or firefighter that has saved someone’s life.

• A person that has become a prominent positive public figure from the Greater Linden

area.

• Environmentally friendly individuals or business in the Greater Linden area.

2. Reach media outlets: We need to find media outlets that will feature a positive story about the

Greater Linden community. By constructing positive news releases and distributing them to

the correct media sources we can create a positive buzz about the Greater Linden area.

Audience

1. Primary Audience:

•Media Gatekeepers and Opinion Leaders


•Greater Linden Community

•Surrounding Greater Linden areas

2. Secondary Audience

★ Residents outside of Franklin County

★ Other community leaders and organizations within Franklin County


BIBLIOGRAPHY

Kathleen HeringtonPastor at McKendree United Methodist ChurchFriday November 14, 2008. 10:00am-12:00pm3330 Cleveland AvenueColumbus Ohio, 43224(614) [email protected]

Georgene Davis, Mary Jane Lynch, Shirley Hall, Norm HobsonMonday November 17, 2008. 3:15-5:00pm3330 Cleveland Avenue McKendree United Methodist ChurchColumbus Ohio 43224

Becki TrivisonOhio Historical Society Consultant(614)[email protected]

Epsy, Ben. Who’s Who in Black Columbus. Columbus Oh, 2005.

Beatty, Otto. Who’s Who in Black Columbus. Columbus Oh, 2006.

“District to Restructure Linden-Area Schools as Pre-K-12 College Prep.” Greater Linden News. <Columbus>. March/April 2008. Page 2.

Ferenchik, Mark. “New Chief Cites Hydrants as Priority.” NewsBank Inc. The Columbus Dispatch, Home Final Ed. 27 March 2002. http://infoweb.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org

“Gene T. Harris.” Franklin University Leadership Center. 2008. Franklin University. 9 November 2008. http://www.franklinleadershipcenter.com/leadership.org

“Ned Pettus, Jr.” City of Columbus. 16 October 2008. The Columbus Division of Fire. http://fire.ci.columbus.oh.us/Bureaus/Chiefts%20Office/Biography.htm

Smith, Starita. “New Mifflin Principal on Fast Track.” NewsBank Inc. The Columbus Dispatch, Home Final Ed. 20 May 1987.http://infoweb.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org

“Linden Lore”, a collection of newspaper articles bound together and put as a refrence book on the third floor of the Columbus Public Library: Item number 1305963330.

“History of Linden”, a book written by students of Linden High. This book is bound and if found in the same spot as “Linden Lore” in the Columbus Public Library: Item number 1305671271.


mailto:[email protected]




http://infoweb.newsbank.com.webproxy-prod.columbuslibrary.org




http://www.franklinleadershipcenter.com/leadership-






http://fire.ci.columbus.oh.us/Bureaus/Chiefts%20Office/Biography.htm








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