the french and indian war lopez & kloster. f/i war 1750
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•Why is the late 18th Century often described as an era of Imperial Wars that had lasting global consequences?
Period 2: Do Now #5
• Washington builds Fort Necessity to expand British control • The fort falls to the French and this leads to the French and
Indian War.
• British wanted to get rid of French forts in the Ohio Valley so they send Washington• Forms an alliance with the “Half King”• Britain builds trading post in the Ohio
Valley area, but gets taken by the French• 1754- Washington leads 300 men against
the French at Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) and kills over a 100 French.
The Start of the French and Indian War
British French
Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians
The Ohio Valley
1754 The First Clash
• 1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~ only 7 of 13 colonies present
• Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity
A Albany Congress failed. Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.
• After a year and a half of undeclared war, the French and the English formally declared war in May 1756.
• For the first three years of the war the outnumbered French dominated the battlefield,
• The tide turned for the British in 1758, – began to make peace with important Indian allies and, under
the direction of Lord William Pitt – French were also abandoned by many of their Indian allies. – Exhausted by years of battle, outnumbered and outgunned by
the British, the French collapsed during the years 1758-59, climaxing with a massive defeat at Quebec in September 1759.
British
• March in formation or bayonet charge.
• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.
• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.
• Drills & tough discipline.
• Colonists should pay for their own defense.
• Indian-style guerilla tactics.
• Col. militias served under own captains.
• No mil. deference or protocols observed.
• Resistance to rising taxes.
• Casual, non-professionals.
Methods ofFighting:
MilitaryOrganization:
MilitaryDiscipline:
Finances:
Demeanor:
British-American Colonial Tensions
Colonials
Period #2, Do Now #6
• Use Chapter five to describe at least two ways in which the British Colonies are forging their own identity separate from England.
French lose war and all land in North America
English inherit vast new land
holdings in North America
Colonists realize British are not
invincible & seek independence.
Relations between English and Indians will worsen- several wars will come
King George and Parliament
tax the Colonies
FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF
WAR
FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF
NORTH AMERICA
FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF
NORTH AMERICA
Great Britain accumulates
huge war debts
France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of India, and land east of the Mississippi River.
Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River but lost Florida to England.
England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and dominance in India.
1763 Treaty of Paris
1763 Treaty of Paris
F/I War 1763Treaty of Paris 1763• England gains French land
from Canada to Florida and Appalachians to the Mississippi
River.• England gains Florida from
Spain.
1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.
2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.
3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.
WHY?
Effects of the War on the American
Colonials
Effects of the War on the American
Colonials
1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion
Fort Detroit
British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.
The Aftermath: Tensions Along the
Frontier
“Once vigorous measures appear to be the only means
left of bringing the Americans to a due submission to the
mother country, the colonies will submit.”
• Instrumental in ending the French and Indian War in 1763.
• Strong supporter of taxing the colonies to pay for the debt.
• He opposed any compromise with the colonial government
in America.
• After losing of the colonies, he withdrew his efforts at
personal government and went insane.
Pass a series of tax laws and have the Colonists help pay back the debt.
Pass a law restricting Colonists from moving westward into and settling the
Northwest Territory.Keep British troops in North America to
stop Indian attacks and protect the Colonies.
Stop the smuggling of Colonials by enforcing the Navigation Acts with a series
of unrestricted search warrants.
• Colonial pioneers such as Daniel Boone, defied the Proclamation of 1763 and crossed the Appalachians and settled areas in what would
become Kentucky. • The belief that the land westward was sacred land, fought and died
for and that it was their birthright….It belonged to them.• The “American Dream” could be found out west led many
colonists to defy the Proclamation of 1763 and cross the Appalachians.
British land policy to temporarily keep the
colonists out of Indian land until treaties could be negotiated with the
tribes.
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