The French and Indian War

Lopez & Kloster

F/I War 1750

•Why is the late 18th Century often described as an era of Imperial Wars that had lasting global consequences?

Period 2: Do Now #5

• Washington builds Fort Necessity to expand British control • The fort falls to the French and this leads to the French and

Indian War.

• British wanted to get rid of French forts in the Ohio Valley so they send Washington• Forms an alliance with the “Half King”• Britain builds trading post in the Ohio

Valley area, but gets taken by the French• 1754- Washington leads 300 men against

the French at Fort Duquesne (Pittsburgh) and kills over a 100 French.

The Start of the French and Indian War

British French

Fort Necessity Fort Duquesne * George Washington * Delaware & Shawnee Indians

The Ohio Valley

1754 The First Clash

VIDEO

The Start of the French and Indian War

• 1754: Albany Congress – convened by British, led by Franklin ~ 1st attempt at colonial unity ~ only 7 of 13 colonies present

• Purpose: keep Iroquois loyal, bolster defense against France through colonial unity

A Albany Congress failed. Iroquois broke off relations with Britain & threatened to trade with the French.

• After a year and a half of undeclared war, the French and the English formally declared war in May 1756.

• For the first three years of the war the outnumbered French dominated the battlefield,

• The tide turned for the British in 1758, – began to make peace with important Indian allies and, under

the direction of Lord William Pitt – French were also abandoned by many of their Indian allies. – Exhausted by years of battle, outnumbered and outgunned by

the British, the French collapsed during the years 1758-59, climaxing with a massive defeat at Quebec in September 1759.

Battle of Quebec 1759

British

• March in formation or bayonet charge.

• Br. officers wanted to take charge of colonials.

• Prima Donna Br. officers with servants & tea settings.

• Drills & tough discipline.

• Colonists should pay for their own defense.

• Indian-style guerilla tactics.

• Col. militias served under own captains.

• No mil. deference or protocols observed.

• Resistance to rising taxes.

• Casual, non-professionals.

Methods ofFighting:

MilitaryOrganization:

MilitaryDiscipline:

Finances:

Demeanor:

British-American Colonial Tensions

Colonials

Period #2, Do Now #6

• Use Chapter five to describe at least two ways in which the British Colonies are forging their own identity separate from England.

French lose war and all land in North America

English inherit vast new land

holdings in North America

Colonists realize British are not

invincible & seek independence.

Relations between English and Indians will worsen- several wars will come

King George and Parliament

tax the Colonies

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR OR SEVEN YEARS OF

WAR

FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF

NORTH AMERICA

FOUGHT FOR CONTROL OF

NORTH AMERICA

Great Britain accumulates

huge war debts

France --> lost her Canadian possessions, most of India, and land east of the Mississippi River.

Spain --> got all French lands west of the Mississippi River but lost Florida to England.

England --> got all French lands in Canada, exclusive rights to Caribbean slave trade, and dominance in India.

1763 Treaty of Paris

1763 Treaty of Paris

F/I War 1763Treaty of Paris 1763• England gains French land

from Canada to Florida and Appalachians to the Mississippi

River.• England gains Florida from

Spain.

F/I War 1750

1. It united them against a common enemy for the first time.

2. It created a socializing experience for all the colonials who participated.

3. It created bitter feelings towards the British that would only intensify.

WHY?

Effects of the War on the American

Colonials

Effects of the War on the American

Colonials

1763 Pontiac’s Rebellion

Fort Detroit

British “gifts” of smallpox-infected blankets from Fort Pitt.

The Aftermath: Tensions Along the

Frontier

Pontiac’s Rebellion (1763)

“Once vigorous measures appear to be the only means

left of bringing the Americans to a due submission to the

mother country, the colonies will submit.”

• Instrumental in ending the French and Indian War in 1763.

• Strong supporter of taxing the colonies to pay for the debt.

• He opposed any compromise with the colonial government

in America.

• After losing of the colonies, he withdrew his efforts at

personal government and went insane.

Pass a series of tax laws and have the Colonists help pay back the debt.

Pass a law restricting Colonists from moving westward into and settling the

Northwest Territory.Keep British troops in North America to

stop Indian attacks and protect the Colonies.

Stop the smuggling of Colonials by enforcing the Navigation Acts with a series

of unrestricted search warrants.

• Colonial pioneers such as Daniel Boone, defied the Proclamation of 1763 and crossed the Appalachians and settled areas in what would

become Kentucky. • The belief that the land westward was sacred land, fought and died

for and that it was their birthright….It belonged to them.• The “American Dream” could be found out west led many

colonists to defy the Proclamation of 1763 and cross the Appalachians.

British land policy to temporarily keep the

colonists out of Indian land until treaties could be negotiated with the

tribes.

Northwest Territory