the ebook developer's toolbox - ebookcraft 2016 - sanders kleinfeld
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The Ebook Developer's Toolbox
Sanders KleinfeldO’Reilly Media, Inc.Twitter: @sandersk
ebookcraft 2016
An Inconvenient Truth…
Ebooks are made of CODE!!!
Technologies of the Trade:
(X)HTML CSS JSXSLT
regexRDF NCX
ONIX
MOBI EPUB
MathML SVG XPath
OPFOTF
WOFF LATEX
WTF?!
Tools/Techniques of the Trade:
InDesign Media QueriesKindlegenoXygen
MathML Cloud“View Source
”CSSLint
Readium
jQuery Sass
Acrobat
Kindle Previewer
iBooks Author
epubcheck
ADE
FontForge FileFormat.info
BISG EPUB 3 Support
Grid
“What’s in my Toolbox?”
Three Indispensable Tools for my Workflow
1.XSLT
2.Responsive Ebook Design Techniques
3.Equation Processing with MathML Cloud
XSLT 101
Pop Quiz #1: XSLT is…
A: An acronym for “Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations”
B: A programming language written in XML syntax
C: An official W3C Specification
D: All of the above
Pop Quiz #1: XSLT is…
A: An acronym for “Extensible Stylesheet Language Transformations”
B: A programming language written in XML syntax
C: An official W3C Specification
D: All of the above
(http://www.w3.org/TR/xslt-30)
XSLT is a tool for global, programmatic markup manipulation
<body> <div class="section"> <p><b>Chapter 1</b></p>HTML5 is really great, because there are lots of new elements to facilitate meaningfultagging of content.<br/><br/>Also, they deprecated a lot of yucky <font color="green">non-semantic stuff.</font> </div></body>
<body> <section> <h1>Chapter 1<h1><p>HTML5 is really great, because there are lots of new elements to facilitate meaningful tagging of content.</p><p>Also, they deprecated a lot of yucky <span style="color: green;">non-semantic stuff.</span></p> </section></body>
XSLT😢 😎
Rhetorical Question #1:
“Um, can’t I just use regular expressions
for this?”
Example: Converting <b> to <em>
with regex
your_markup.replace(/<b>/, '<em>')
But what about:•Closing tags (</b>)•Attributes (<b class="term">)•Extra Whitespace (<b >)
your_markup.replace(/<(\/)?b(\s*[^>]*)>/g, '<$1em$2>')
A Stack Overflow Classic:“You can’t parse [X]HTML with regex”
(http://stackoverflow.com/questions/1732348/regex-match-open-tags-except-xhtml-self-contained-tags)
XSLT leverages a functional* paradigm
* Many folks have salient objections to calling XSLT a functional programming language (e.g., http://www.snoyman.com/blog/2012/04/xslt-rant.html), but document processing with XSLT still embodies the spirit of functional programming, and it feels pedantic to me to deny that.
<markup> <!--Input--></markup>
Functional Paradigmin XSLT
<markup> <!--Output--></markup>
<xsl:stylesheet>
<xsl:template match="..."> <!—Stuff happens here--> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="..."> <!—Stuff happens here--> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
f(x) = 1 * x
Identity Function*in Algebra
* Output of function is identical to input
Identity Stylesheet*in XSLT
* Output of stylesheet is identical to input
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Rhetorical Question #2:
“Say What?”
Identity Stylesheetin XSLT: Explained
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
BEGIN stylesheet
END stylesheet
BEGIN matching function
Match any node (element, attribute, text)
BEGIN copy matched node (OPEN elem)END Copy matched node (CLOSE elem)
Select any node
END matching function
Run stylesheet against specified children of matched node
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p>
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p>
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p>
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p class="greet">
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p class="greet">
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p class="greet">
</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p class="greet"> Hello World</p></body>
Identity Stylesheet in XSLT: How it Works
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body><p class="greet"> Hello World</p></body>
Rhetorical Question #5:
“OK, so how do you actually transform
the output”
You can override the identity templates with other, more specific matching templates (just as you override rules with other rules in CSS)
CSS XSLT
* { font-size: 10px;}
h1 { /* Custom Handling */ font-size: 20px;}
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy></xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="h1"> <xsl:copy> <!--Custom handling--> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:copy></xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="p[@class='greet']"> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
XPath matching all p elements with a class of “greet”
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body>
</body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1>
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1>
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1>
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet">
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet">
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet">
</h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1> <p></p></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1> <p></p></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1> <p></p></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Our first transform: Convert all <p class="greet"> elements to <h1>s
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match=“p[@class=‘greet’]”> <h1> <xsl:apply-templates select=“@*|node()"/> </h1> </xsl:template></xsl:stylesheet>
<body> <p class="greet"> Hello World </p> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<body> <h1 class="greet"> Hello World </h1> <p>What’s up?</p></body>
Pop Quiz #2: What does this transform do?
XSLT INPUT XHTML
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p></p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p></p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p></p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning is awesome!</p>
Pop Quiz #2 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0"> <xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"/></xsl:stylesheet>
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
Stylesheet Input XHTML Output XHTML
<p>Learning is awesome!</p>
Pop Quiz #3: Write XSLT that drops <strong> tags from the HTML below, but preserves the text content inside
the tagsINPUT XHTML
<p>Learning <strong>XSLT</strong> is awesome!</p>
DESIRED OUTPUT XHTML
<p>Learning XSLT is awesome!</p>
Pop Quiz #3 Solution
<xsl:stylesheet xmlns:xsl="http://www.w3.org/1999/XSL/Transform" version="1.0">
<xsl:template match="@*|node()"> <xsl:copy> <xsl:apply-templates select="@*|node()"/> </xsl:copy> </xsl:template>
<xsl:template match="strong"> <xsl:apply-templates/> </xsl:template>
</xsl:stylesheet>
BEGIN match “strong” element
Select child nodes (except attributes) of matched “strong” element
End match “strong” element
Intermediate Topics•XPath expressions
•Conditionals (xsl:if, xsl:choose/xsl:when/xsl:otherwise)
•Looping/Grouping(xsl:for-each, xsl:for-each-group)
•Numbering/Labeling(xsl:number)
•Includes/Imports(xsl:include/xsl:import)
My Favorite XSLT Reference Book
Responsive Ebook Design
What do we mean by responsive
design?
“Rather than tailoring disconnected designs to each of an ever-increasing number of web devices, we can treat them as facets of the
same experience. We can design for an optimal viewing experience, but embed standards-based technologies into our
designs to make them not only more flexible, but more adaptive to the media that renders
them.”
— Ethan Marcotte“Responsive Web Design”
http://alistapart.com/article/responsive-web-design
Responsive Ebook Design:
Four Principles
1. Content is split into pages
(Safari for Mac) (iBooks for Mac)
2. Content reflows from page to page
(iBooks for iPhone) (iBooks for iPad)
3. Content settings are user-configurable
User #1’s settings User #2’s settings
4. Single ebook archive for all platforms
(iBooks) (NOOK)
(Google Play)
(Kobo) (Kindle)*
(Universal Ebook)
* Either converted to MOBI via KindleGen, or submitted to Amazon for conversion
Responsive Ebook Design Toolbox:
CSS Media Queries
Media Queries encapsulate CSS rules to be applied only when certain display conditions are satisfied,
such as:
•Screen dimensions fall within a given width/height range
•Screen is monochrome or color
•Screen orientation is portrait or landscape
Media Query Syntax*
@media media-type and (media-feature) { /* CSS Rules to be applied */}
* Media queries may contain an optional media type, followed by zero or more media features in parentheses delimited by “and”.
Some Key W3C-Specified Media Types:
•all - applied on any device
•print - applied to output for printers
•speech - applied on screen readers
•screen - applied to any display that is not print or speech, which encompasses most Web browsers and readers
Kindle’s Custom Media Types*:
•amzn-kf8 - applied on any Kindle device or app that supports Amazon’s Kindle Format 8 specification
•amzn-mobi - applied to Kindle devices or apps that support only the legacy MOBI 7 format.
* See Chapter 8 of Kindle Publisher Guidelines
Example #1: Kindle’s Recommended Media
Queries for table handling*@media amzn-mobi { table.complex { /* Suppress display of complex tables on MOBI and use fallback image instead */ display: none; }}
@media amzn-kf8 { img.table_fallback { /* Suppress display of table fallback images on KF8, which can support complex tables */ display: none; }}
* See Chapter 8 of Kindle Publisher Guidelines
Some Key W3C-Specified Media Features:
•(min-|max-)width - query the width of the current display window.
•(min-|max-)device-width* - query the screen width of the device
•(min-|max-)height - query the height of the current display window
•(min-|max-)device-height* - query the screen height of the device
•orientation - query whether orientation is currently portrait or landscape
•color - query whether the display is color
•monochrome - query whether the display is monochrome
* Deprecated in Media Queries Level 4
Example #2: Media Query for iBooks for iPad
@media (min-device-width:768px) and (max-device-width:1024px) { #usernote::before { content: “You are reading this on iBooks for iPad"; }}
iBooks Ereader Detectorhttps://github.com/sandersk/ibooks_ereader_detector
Example #3: Media query to target both
iBooks + KF8-enabled Kindle*
@media not amzn-mobi { /* Styling for everything that _is not_ a MOBI 7 platform */}
* See Liz Castro’s “Media Queries for formatting Poetry on Kindle and EPUB” for real-world applications.
Responsive Ebook Design Toolbox:
CSS Fragmentation
Some Key W3C-Specified Fragmentation Properties:*
•page-break-before - configure page breaking rules before specified element(s)
•page-break-after - configure page breaking rules after specified element(s)
•page-break-inside - configure page breaking rules within specified element(s)* CSS Fragmentation Module Level 3 no longer mandates “page-” prefix on these properties, but it’s a good idea to keep them for broad ereader compatibility
page-break- properties accept the following values
•auto - Defer to browser/ereader on pagebreak here (default)
•avoid - Avoid pagebreak here•always - Always pagebreak here •left - Add one or two pagebreaks to
make next page a left page•right - Add one or two pagebreaks to
make next page a right page•inherit - Inherit pagebreak rules from
parent element** “page-break” rules are not inherited by default
Example #1: Force pagebreaks before top-
level headings
h1 { page-break-before: always }
Example #2: Avoid pagebreaks within
figures
figure { page-break-inside: avoid }
Some More Key W3C-Specified Fragmentation Properties:*
•orphans - specify minimum number of lines within an element that must be preserved before a page boundary (at bottom of page)
•widows - specify minimum number of lines within an element that must be preserved after a page boundary (at top of page)
* Default value is 2 for both properties
Example #3: Require three paragraph lines to “stay together” at both the
bottom and top of pages
p { orphans: 3 widows: 3 }
For more, read my article
“Responsive Ebook Design: A Primer”
Accessible Math with MathML Cloud
(MathJax)
The Publisher’s Challenge: How to produce high-quality,
accessible mathematical content across ereader
platforms
MathML in EPUB (iBooks)
MathML in EPUB (NOOK)
MathML in Mobi (Kindle Fire)
SVG in EPUB (iBooks)
SVG in Mobi (Kindle Voyage)
SVG in Mobi (Kindle “classic”)
The only reliable, universal choice is
bitmap images
But how can we automate creation of
equation images…
…And what about accessibility?
MathML Cloud provides a solution for automation and
accessibility
http://mathmlcloud.org
MathML Cloud is open source, built on mathjax-node
https://github.com/benetech/mmlc-api/
“What’s in YOUR Toolbox?”
Thank You!☺📖📱
Contact Me:@sandersk
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