the conflict of architectural intelligence
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The Conflict of ArchitecturalIntelligence:g
Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureArchitecture
Khaled Ali Youssef, M.Sc.Associate LecturerAssociate Lecturer
Dept. Of Architectural Engineering, Assiut University
IACA 6Assiut, March 15th - 17th, 2005
IntroductionIntroduction
In the early 1980s, trade magazines began writingstories on Intelligent Architecture (IA), initiatingpressure on architects to build Intelligent Buildings(IBs) despite there was no standard definition ofIBs.
In the 1990s the shift into the informational modeIn the 1990s, the shift into the informational modeas a paradigm was promotes, placing new demandson architecture before it can be termed 'intelligent'.
With the rise of global hazards, the footprint ofarchitecture on the environment became a matter forconcern, the fact that promoted the concept of IA topay attention to the environmental quality andhazards prevention.
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 02 of 15
MotivationsMotivationsIn investigating what IA is, dozens of definitions,proposals and viewpoints announced themselves,showing the term to be one of those words which
t b t h d t d fi
Motivations
are easy to use but hard to define.
What can be considered of greater importance is theThe Wide Useof the Term IA
conflict between these definitions, proposals andviewpoints, and consequently the powerful impactson architecture, especially when imitating takesth i it d t di th i li ti
The ConflictOf IA
the priority over understanding the implications.
Impacts onArchitectureThe wide use of the term, the conflict between its,
proposals and the powerful impacts on architectureall highlighted the demand for an IntegratedProfile of Intelligent Architecture (IPIA) to be an Demand for
an IPIAissue of this work. an IPIA
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 03 of 15
Aim, Objectives and Paper OrganizationAim, Objectives and Paper Organization
The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing theoutline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standardsinto consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of
The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing theoutline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standardsinto consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of
Paper Organization
objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to beinvestigated, formulating the body of the paper:objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to beinvestigated, formulating the body of the paper:
Recognizing what Definitions of Human Intelligence1- Introduction Recognizing whatintelligence is
Realizingthe conflict of IA
Introducing the wide range of knowledge,and oppositions between viewpoints
Definitions of Human IntelligenceComponents of Intelligence
1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
Better understandingIA viewpoints Classification
Understanding theimplications of IA
The offered opportunities and the imposedchallenges
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives p g
Identifying the IPIAinputs and outputs
Aim, objectives, scope and limitations of integration in the light of the local context
Integrating IA Exploring alternatives, developing the winning
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIAviewpoints alternative, and sketching the demanded IPIAand how to apply it
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 04 of 15
The 1st issueThe 1st issue
Introduction: What is intelligence?Introduction: What is intelligence?According to the British Encyclopedia, intelligence is the 'ability toadapt effectively to the environment by making a change in oneself,changing the environment or finding a new one'.
James Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to ‘tell’ our consciousJames Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to tell our consciousminds the ‘observed’ events, ‘analyze’ facts, ‘interpret’ knowledge,‘evaluate’ processes, ‘accompany’ thoughts by feelings and finallyreach ‘conclusions’. Therefore, to be termed intelligent is to be able to
b t ll l i t t l t d l d1- Introduction1- Introduction
The cognitive psychologist R. Sternberg proposes that intelligence ismade of three integrated and interdependent aspects: the internal world( iti ) th l ti hi t th t l ld ( ti ) d
observe, tell, analyze, interpret, evaluate, accompany, and conclude.1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
(cognition), the relationship to the external world (action) andexperiences (integration).
Summing up..
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives Summing up..
Intelligence is not a single mentalprocess; it is a combination of manymental processes directed toward
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIAeffective adaptation to the environment.and how to apply it
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 05 of 15
In the 1980s the term IA was prompted
The 2nd issueThe 2nd issue
The Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceThe Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceIn the 1980s, the term IA was promptedas a marketing tool to attract users,promoting buildings to be equipped withautomation systems and high-tech
Kerckhove, 2001 Bringing together three main spatial environments: mind,
Vink & Zijlstra, 2000Green, and environmentally orientedEger, 2001
installations.
1- Introduction
world, and networks.environmentally orientedInformation technology, economic development, job growth, and quality of life
WTA, 2000Promoting broadband and telecommunications technologies
Atkin, 1988Self-knowing, deciding and respondingMorrow, 1995In the 1990s, the term IA was used to
embrace creating architecture in an anti1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
and responding Productivity and personal environmental control Christiansson, 2000
A part of the worldwide telecommunication network
Leung (IBI), 2000Building within a sustainable builtCornick, 1988
embrace creating architecture in an anti-spatial context, being accessed vianetworks. With the rise of globalhazards, the footprint of architecture on
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
networksustainable built environmentSensory-motor adaptation to support life Fox, 2001Sustainability, automation, and responsiveness to
Nordx
Network cabling Wong et al, 2001
the natural environment has increasinglybecome a matter for concern, promotingthe environmental quality and hazardsprevention to be an integral part of IA
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
penvironmental changessolutions, and environmental adaptability
An appropriate selection of Quality Environmental Modules to achieve long term building values
prevention to be an integral part of IA.
At all times, architectural intelligencewas accompanied by a wide range of
and how to apply it
etc.knowledge; definitions and proposals.
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 06 of 15
The 2nd issueThe 2nd issue
The Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceThe Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceKerckhove, 2001 Bringing together three main spatial environments: mind,
Vink & Zijlstra, 2000Green, and environmentally orientedEger, 2001
In analyzing the wide range ofdefinitions, one cannot fail to notice theconflict of IA.F l l iti th i f ti l
1- Introduction
world, and networks.environmentally orientedInformation technology, economic development, job growth, and quality of life
WTA, 2000Promoting broadband and telecommunications technologies
Atkin, 1988Self-knowing, deciding and respondingMorrow, 1995
For example, exploiting the informationalmode as a paradigm putting an end to thedominance of the physical seems tointerfere with providing spatial1- Introduction
Human Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
and responding Productivity and personal environmental control Christiansson, 2000
A part of the worldwide telecommunication network
Leung (IBI), 2000Building within a sustainable builtCornick, 1988
p g penvironments with high-tech installationsto shift into a place of more value andpower.
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
networksustainable built environmentSensory-motor adaptation to support life Fox, 2001Sustainability, automation, and responsiveness to
Nordx
Network cabling Wong et al, 2001Higher tili ti f
Setting limits f tili i
Spatial versus Anti-spatial
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
penvironmental changessolutions, and environmental adaptability
An appropriate selection of Quality Environmental Modules to achieve long term building values
utilization oftechnology
versus for utilizing technology
Globalization versus Localizationand how to apply it
etc.
Globalization versus Localization
etc.The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of
Intelligent ArchitectureIACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005
Slide 07 of 15
The 3rd issueThe 3rd issue
Classification: to better understand IAClassification: to better understand IA=+
Anti-spatialenvironments
Greenness Simplicity Environmentally oriented design
Creating microclimate
Exploiting free energy
Sustainable energy
Anti-spatialenvironments
Greenness Simplicity Environmentally oriented design
Creating microclimate
Exploiting free energy
Sustainable energy
Economic development
Tele-communications
Emergency management
Promoting broadband
Information technology
Tele-servingarchitecture
Durability Self-generating Energy
Scarcity SymbiosisWith nature
The qualityof life
1- Introduction
Economic development
Tele-communications
Emergency management
Promoting broadband
Information technology
Tele-servingarchitecture
Durability Self-generating Energy
Scarcity SymbiosisWith nature
The qualityof life
Users’ comfort and productivity
Self-know, decide respond
Costawareness
Cablingsolutions
Improving performance
Users’participation
Automation Responsiveness to changes
E-activitiesEnvironmental quality
Environmental responsibility
1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
Users’ comfort and productivity
Self-know, decide respond
Costawareness
Cablingsolutions
Improving performance
Users’participation
Automation Responsiveness to changes
E-activitiesEnvironmental quality
Environmental responsibility
Flexibility Energyefficiency
Lifesafety
Installingthe four-Cs
Installing high-tech devices
Integration with networks
Soft built-environments
Recycling Renewableenergy
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA Flexibility Energy
efficiency
Lifesafety
Installingthe four-Cs
Installing high-tech devices
Integration with networks
Soft built-environments
Recycling Renewableenergy
Responding to internal demands
Connectivity to global networks
E-agentsupport
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
Responding to internal demands
Connectivity to global networks
E-agentsupport
and how to apply itPerspective (3)Perspective (2)Perspective (1)
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 08 of 15
The 3rd issueThe 3rd issue
Classification: to better understand IAClassification: to better understand IAPerspective (1)
Exploiting Inf. Technology (IT)and the connectivity to broadband networks to create anti-
Perspective (2)
Physical architecture in promotedto self-know, decide and respondto external changes and internal
Perspective (3)
Creating durable, green, andenvironmentally orientedarchitecture that exploits free,
1- Introduction
spatial, Tele-served, softarchitecture, promotingphysically built environments tobe supplanted by e-activities,supported by e-agents, andclosely integrated with networksin a global context
demands, saving energy,improving performance,minimizing cost, and supportingusers' comfort and productivity,via means of technicalinstallations, cabling solutions,and automation systems
passive, sustainable, renewable,bio-degradable and recyclableenergy resources, to guaranteethe environmental quality, theintergenerational equality, thequality of life and the intendedsymbiosis with nature1- Introduction
Human Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
in a global context. and automation systems. symbiosis with nature.
Based on the definition ofVR as “the simulatedreality” and “computerscreen 3D-simulated world”,
d h d fi i i f Vi l
Improving performance,self-responding, savingenergy, minimizing cost andsupporting users’ comfort
d d i i i
Attributes meet thestandards of sustainabilitythat was defined as “utilizingresources in ways that allow
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
and the definitions of VirtualArchitecture as “theelectronic representation ofarchitecture serving twopurposes: simulatingphysical architecture and
and productivity, via meansof high-tech installations andautomation systems.Further, the group supportsthe drive for higherutilization of technology to
resources in ways that allowthem to renew themselves”,“not to eliminate or degraderenewable resources”, and“meeting the need of thepresent withoutcompromising the abilities of
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
providing functional virtualplaces” the first group ofattributes is entitled ‘VirtualArchitecture’
prevail, the fact thatpromotes this group to beentitled ‘AutomatedArchitecture’
compromising the abilities offuture generations”, to beentitled ‘SustanableArchitecture’
and how to apply it VirtualArchitecture – VA
AutomatedArchitecture - AA
SustainableArchitecture - SA
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 09 of 15
To better understand the implications the concept of IA the three
The 4th issueThe 4th issue
Implications of IA PerspectivesImplications of IA PerspectivesTo better understand the implications the concept of IA, the threeperspectives were criticized, investigating the offered opportunitiesand the imposed challenges, from various points of view;environmental, functional, structural, economic, political, socialand aesthetical.
1- Introduction Opportunities Challenges1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
• Environmental quality• Societal equality• Minimizing commutes
• Digital divide• Gap between abilities and
demands3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
• Reducing waste & pollution• Better communicating with
users• Minimizing presence cost• Money-making opportunities
• Concentration of wealth andpower
• Shrinkage of massemployment
• Loosing collective identity
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
y g pp• More freedom and active
participation• Job creation opportunities• Rescuing societies form the
idiocy of rural life
g y• Societal inequality• The rise of invented needs• Involvement of computer
scientists and programmers
and how to apply ity
……. etc. ……. etc.
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 10 of 15
The 5th issueThe 5th issue
Discussion: Before Integrating IA PerspectivesDiscussion: Before Integrating IA Perspectives
In this part, the ground, on which the demanded IPIA can be built, isgained systematically through answering a number of questions:
1- Introduction
(a) How important and significantis the integration of the IA threeperspectives?Absence of Integration1- Introduction
Human Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
Absence of Integration
(b) Would one perspective besufficient for architecture tobe termed intelligent?Absence of a perspective (s)
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
Absence of a perspective (s)
(c) Is IA restricted within theboundary of the 3 perspectives?Examples before 1980s d l i t i
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
+ developing countries
(d) Is there a standard profile of IA?and, what might it be affected by?3 Key factors: IA opportunities,
S M d i f h hand how to apply ity pp ,
challeges and the local context Smart Moderation of the hot-and-humid tropical climate,
Bangladish
Buffer zones + insulation From -35C to +3C
Smart Cooling: via the thermal stabilityof the earth, Costozza villas
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 11 of 15
The 6th issueThe 6th issue
An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture1 E l i d A l i Al i f I i1- Exploring and Analyzing Alternatives of Integration
Al i(a) Reasonability of
the relationship
1- Introduction
A B C++ ++ ==An Integrated Profile of IA
Alternative(1)
A A I t t dAlternative
the relationshipbetween the threeperspectives
1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
AB C+ =
An Integrated Profile of IA
Alternative(2)
A An IntegratedAlternative
(b) Appropriateness tothe local context
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
AB =
An Integrated Profile of IAC
Alternative(3)
An AB C+
Alternative An Integrated AB C+
Theinning
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIA
Profile of IAIntegrated
Profile of IA
B =C+(4)
A=
An Integrated Profile of IA
Alternative
Profile of IAB =C+winningalternative
and how to apply itand how to apply itB C
= Profile of IA(5)
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 12 of 15
The 6th issueThe 6th issue
An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture2 D l i th Wi i Alt ti IPIA2- Developing the Winning Alternative: IPIA
An Integrated Profile of IA
AB =C+A
1- Introduction Global boundary Local boundaryArchitecture1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
Global boundaryof sustainability
Local boundaryof sustainability
Architecture
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives In addition to
th i i t
VirtualArchitecture
PhysicalArchitecture
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIAAnother local boundary
Automated Architecture
the viewpoints that would
contribute to the profile; Others
and how to apply itand how to apply it Another local boundary of sustainability
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 13 of 15
The 6th issueThe 6th issue
An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture3 H t A l th IPIA t S lid A li ti3- How to Apply the IPIA to Solid Applications
Comparative
1- Introduction
SA OthersVA AA
Comparative Analysis
(in the light of IPIA and the 2 level strategy)
Architecture The WinningAlternative
(s)
CompromiseFinal
Solution1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence
2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence
strategy)
Aims
Objectives
Aims
Objectives
3- ClassificationBetter understand IA
4- Implicationsof IA perspectives
Built Spaces
Activities
People
Built Spaces
Activities
5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA
6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIA
People
Etc.
People
Etc.
and how to apply itand how to apply it
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 14 of 15
Results, Conclusions and Future WorkResults, Conclusions and Future WorkIn this paper, the complexity of IA and the conflictbetween its proposals were investigated,highlighting the need for a coherent profile tointegrate the wide range of knowledge taking theintegrate the wide range of knowledge, taking thelocal context into account. First, IA definitions,proposals and viewpoints were introduced to becategorized into three broad perspectives: VA, AA
d b d d h i li i fand SA. To better understand the implications ofIA perspectives, the offered opportunities andimposed challenges were investigated. After that,alternatives of integration were explored, thealternatives of integration were explored, thewinning alternative was developed and the IPIAwas sketched, proposing a method for application.
In a future work the worked out IPIA is to beIn a future work, the worked out IPIA is to beapplied to solid applications, investigating itsability to develop existing built environments.
The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture
IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 15 of 15
Thank you !!Thank you !!
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