the conflict of architectural intelligence

The Conflict of ArchitecturalIntelligence:g

Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureArchitecture

Khaled Ali Youssef, M.Sc.Associate LecturerAssociate Lecturer

Dept. Of Architectural Engineering, Assiut University

IACA 6Assiut, March 15th - 17th, 2005

IntroductionIntroduction

In the early 1980s, trade magazines began writingstories on Intelligent Architecture (IA), initiatingpressure on architects to build Intelligent Buildings(IBs) despite there was no standard definition ofIBs.

In the 1990s the shift into the informational modeIn the 1990s, the shift into the informational modeas a paradigm was promotes, placing new demandson architecture before it can be termed 'intelligent'.

With the rise of global hazards, the footprint ofarchitecture on the environment became a matter forconcern, the fact that promoted the concept of IA topay attention to the environmental quality andhazards prevention.

The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture

IACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005Slide 02 of 15

MotivationsMotivationsIn investigating what IA is, dozens of definitions,proposals and viewpoints announced themselves,showing the term to be one of those words which

t b t h d t d fi

Motivations

are easy to use but hard to define.

What can be considered of greater importance is theThe Wide Useof the Term IA

conflict between these definitions, proposals andviewpoints, and consequently the powerful impactson architecture, especially when imitating takesth i it d t di th i li ti

The ConflictOf IA

the priority over understanding the implications.

Impacts onArchitectureThe wide use of the term, the conflict between its,

proposals and the powerful impacts on architectureall highlighted the demand for an IntegratedProfile of Intelligent Architecture (IPIA) to be an Demand for

an IPIAissue of this work. an IPIA



Aim, Objectives and Paper OrganizationAim, Objectives and Paper Organization

The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing theoutline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standardsinto consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of

The aim of the paper is to investigate the possibility of drawing theoutline of an IPIA, taking the local context and varying standardsinto consideration. For the aim to be attained, a number of

Paper Organization

objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to beinvestigated, formulating the body of the paper:objectives was to be accomplished, and six issues were to beinvestigated, formulating the body of the paper:

Recognizing what Definitions of Human Intelligence1- Introduction Recognizing whatintelligence is

Realizingthe conflict of IA

Introducing the wide range of knowledge,and oppositions between viewpoints

Definitions of Human IntelligenceComponents of Intelligence

1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence

2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence

Better understandingIA viewpoints Classification

Understanding theimplications of IA

The offered opportunities and the imposedchallenges

3- ClassificationBetter understand IA

4- Implicationsof IA perspectives p g

Identifying the IPIAinputs and outputs

Aim, objectives, scope and limitations of integration in the light of the local context

Integrating IA Exploring alternatives, developing the winning

5- Discussion:before sketching IPIA

6- Proposed IPIAviewpoints alternative, and sketching the demanded IPIAand how to apply it



The 1st issueThe 1st issue

Introduction: What is intelligence?Introduction: What is intelligence?According to the British Encyclopedia, intelligence is the 'ability toadapt effectively to the environment by making a change in oneself,changing the environment or finding a new one'.

James Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to ‘tell’ our consciousJames Putnam argues that intelligence enables us to tell our consciousminds the ‘observed’ events, ‘analyze’ facts, ‘interpret’ knowledge,‘evaluate’ processes, ‘accompany’ thoughts by feelings and finallyreach ‘conclusions’. Therefore, to be termed intelligent is to be able to

b t ll l i t t l t d l d1- Introduction1- Introduction

The cognitive psychologist R. Sternberg proposes that intelligence ismade of three integrated and interdependent aspects: the internal world( iti ) th l ti hi t th t l ld ( ti ) d

observe, tell, analyze, interpret, evaluate, accompany, and conclude.1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence



(cognition), the relationship to the external world (action) andexperiences (integration).

Summing up..


4- Implicationsof IA perspectives Summing up..

Intelligence is not a single mentalprocess; it is a combination of manymental processes directed toward


6- Proposed IPIAeffective adaptation to the environment.and how to apply it



In the 1980s the term IA was prompted

The 2nd issueThe 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceThe Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceIn the 1980s, the term IA was promptedas a marketing tool to attract users,promoting buildings to be equipped withautomation systems and high-tech

Kerckhove, 2001 Bringing together three main spatial environments: mind,

Vink & Zijlstra, 2000Green, and environmentally orientedEger, 2001

installations.

1- Introduction

world, and networks.environmentally orientedInformation technology, economic development, job growth, and quality of life

WTA, 2000Promoting broadband and telecommunications technologies

Atkin, 1988Self-knowing, deciding and respondingMorrow, 1995In the 1990s, the term IA was used to

embrace creating architecture in an anti1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence

2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence

and responding Productivity and personal environmental control Christiansson, 2000

A part of the worldwide telecommunication network

Leung (IBI), 2000Building within a sustainable builtCornick, 1988

embrace creating architecture in an anti-spatial context, being accessed vianetworks. With the rise of globalhazards, the footprint of architecture on


4- Implicationsof IA perspectives

networksustainable built environmentSensory-motor adaptation to support life Fox, 2001Sustainability, automation, and responsiveness to

Nordx

Network cabling Wong et al, 2001

the natural environment has increasinglybecome a matter for concern, promotingthe environmental quality and hazardsprevention to be an integral part of IA


6- Proposed IPIA

penvironmental changessolutions, and environmental adaptability

An appropriate selection of Quality Environmental Modules to achieve long term building values

prevention to be an integral part of IA.

At all times, architectural intelligencewas accompanied by a wide range of

and how to apply it

etc.knowledge; definitions and proposals.



The 2nd issueThe 2nd issue

The Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceThe Conflict of Architectural IntelligenceKerckhove, 2001 Bringing together three main spatial environments: mind,

Vink & Zijlstra, 2000Green, and environmentally orientedEger, 2001

In analyzing the wide range ofdefinitions, one cannot fail to notice theconflict of IA.F l l iti th i f ti l

1- Introduction

world, and networks.environmentally orientedInformation technology, economic development, job growth, and quality of life

WTA, 2000Promoting broadband and telecommunications technologies

Atkin, 1988Self-knowing, deciding and respondingMorrow, 1995

For example, exploiting the informationalmode as a paradigm putting an end to thedominance of the physical seems tointerfere with providing spatial1- Introduction

Human Intelligence

2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence2- The Conflictof Arch. Intelligence

and responding Productivity and personal environmental control Christiansson, 2000

A part of the worldwide telecommunication network

Leung (IBI), 2000Building within a sustainable builtCornick, 1988

p g penvironments with high-tech installationsto shift into a place of more value andpower.



networksustainable built environmentSensory-motor adaptation to support life Fox, 2001Sustainability, automation, and responsiveness to

Nordx

Network cabling Wong et al, 2001Higher tili ti f

Setting limits f tili i

Spatial versus Anti-spatial


6- Proposed IPIA

penvironmental changessolutions, and environmental adaptability

An appropriate selection of Quality Environmental Modules to achieve long term building values

utilization oftechnology

versus for utilizing technology

Globalization versus Localizationand how to apply it

etc.

Globalization versus Localization

etc.The Conflict of Architectural Intelligence: Towards an Integrated Profile of

Intelligent ArchitectureIACA 6 – March 15-17, 2005

Slide 07 of 15

The 3rd issueThe 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand IAClassification: to better understand IA=+

Anti-spatialenvironments

Greenness Simplicity Environmentally oriented design

Creating microclimate

Exploiting free energy

Sustainable energy

Anti-spatialenvironments

Greenness Simplicity Environmentally oriented design

Creating microclimate

Exploiting free energy

Sustainable energy

Economic development

Tele-communications

Emergency management

Promoting broadband

Information technology

Tele-servingarchitecture

Durability Self-generating Energy

Scarcity SymbiosisWith nature

The qualityof life

1- Introduction

Economic development

Tele-communications

Emergency management

Promoting broadband

Information technology

Tele-servingarchitecture

Durability Self-generating Energy

Scarcity SymbiosisWith nature

The qualityof life

Users’ comfort and productivity

Self-know, decide respond

Costawareness

Cablingsolutions

Improving performance

Users’participation

Automation Responsiveness to changes

E-activitiesEnvironmental quality

Environmental responsibility



Users’ comfort and productivity

Self-know, decide respond

Costawareness

Cablingsolutions

Improving performance

Users’participation

Automation Responsiveness to changes

E-activitiesEnvironmental quality

Environmental responsibility

Flexibility Energyefficiency

Lifesafety

Installingthe four-Cs

Installing high-tech devices

Integration with networks

Soft built-environments

Recycling Renewableenergy



3- ClassificationBetter understand IA Flexibility Energy

efficiency

Lifesafety

Installingthe four-Cs

Installing high-tech devices

Integration with networks

Soft built-environments

Recycling Renewableenergy

Responding to internal demands

Connectivity to global networks

E-agentsupport


6- Proposed IPIA

Responding to internal demands

Connectivity to global networks

E-agentsupport

and how to apply itPerspective (3)Perspective (2)Perspective (1)



The 3rd issueThe 3rd issue

Classification: to better understand IAClassification: to better understand IAPerspective (1)

Exploiting Inf. Technology (IT)and the connectivity to broadband networks to create anti-

Perspective (2)

Physical architecture in promotedto self-know, decide and respondto external changes and internal

Perspective (3)

Creating durable, green, andenvironmentally orientedarchitecture that exploits free,

1- Introduction

spatial, Tele-served, softarchitecture, promotingphysically built environments tobe supplanted by e-activities,supported by e-agents, andclosely integrated with networksin a global context

demands, saving energy,improving performance,minimizing cost, and supportingusers' comfort and productivity,via means of technicalinstallations, cabling solutions,and automation systems

passive, sustainable, renewable,bio-degradable and recyclableenergy resources, to guaranteethe environmental quality, theintergenerational equality, thequality of life and the intendedsymbiosis with nature1- Introduction

Human Intelligence


in a global context. and automation systems. symbiosis with nature.

Based on the definition ofVR as “the simulatedreality” and “computerscreen 3D-simulated world”,

d h d fi i i f Vi l

Improving performance,self-responding, savingenergy, minimizing cost andsupporting users’ comfort

d d i i i

Attributes meet thestandards of sustainabilitythat was defined as “utilizingresources in ways that allow




and the definitions of VirtualArchitecture as “theelectronic representation ofarchitecture serving twopurposes: simulatingphysical architecture and

and productivity, via meansof high-tech installations andautomation systems.Further, the group supportsthe drive for higherutilization of technology to

resources in ways that allowthem to renew themselves”,“not to eliminate or degraderenewable resources”, and“meeting the need of thepresent withoutcompromising the abilities of


6- Proposed IPIA

providing functional virtualplaces” the first group ofattributes is entitled ‘VirtualArchitecture’

prevail, the fact thatpromotes this group to beentitled ‘AutomatedArchitecture’

compromising the abilities offuture generations”, to beentitled ‘SustanableArchitecture’

and how to apply it VirtualArchitecture – VA

AutomatedArchitecture - AA

SustainableArchitecture - SA



To better understand the implications the concept of IA the three

The 4th issueThe 4th issue

Implications of IA PerspectivesImplications of IA PerspectivesTo better understand the implications the concept of IA, the threeperspectives were criticized, investigating the offered opportunitiesand the imposed challenges, from various points of view;environmental, functional, structural, economic, political, socialand aesthetical.

1- Introduction Opportunities Challenges1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence


• Environmental quality• Societal equality• Minimizing commutes

• Digital divide• Gap between abilities and

demands3- ClassificationBetter understand IA

4- Implicationsof IA perspectives4- Implicationsof IA perspectives

• Reducing waste & pollution• Better communicating with

users• Minimizing presence cost• Money-making opportunities

• Concentration of wealth andpower

• Shrinkage of massemployment

• Loosing collective identity


6- Proposed IPIA

y g pp• More freedom and active

participation• Job creation opportunities• Rescuing societies form the

idiocy of rural life

g y• Societal inequality• The rise of invented needs• Involvement of computer

scientists and programmers

and how to apply ity

……. etc. ……. etc.




Discussion: Before Integrating IA PerspectivesDiscussion: Before Integrating IA Perspectives

In this part, the ground, on which the demanded IPIA can be built, isgained systematically through answering a number of questions:

1- Introduction

(a) How important and significantis the integration of the IA threeperspectives?Absence of Integration1- Introduction

Human Intelligence


Absence of Integration

(b) Would one perspective besufficient for architecture tobe termed intelligent?Absence of a perspective (s)



Absence of a perspective (s)

(c) Is IA restricted within theboundary of the 3 perspectives?Examples before 1980s d l i t i


6- Proposed IPIA


+ developing countries

(d) Is there a standard profile of IA?and, what might it be affected by?3 Key factors: IA opportunities,

S M d i f h hand how to apply ity pp ,

challeges and the local context Smart Moderation of the hot-and-humid tropical climate,

Bangladish

Buffer zones + insulation From -35C to +3C

Smart Cooling: via the thermal stabilityof the earth, Costozza villas




An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture1 E l i d A l i Al i f I i1- Exploring and Analyzing Alternatives of Integration

Al i(a) Reasonability of

the relationship

1- Introduction

A B C++ ++ ==An Integrated Profile of IA

Alternative(1)

A A I t t dAlternative

the relationshipbetween the threeperspectives



AB C+ =

An Integrated Profile of IA

Alternative(2)

A An IntegratedAlternative

(b) Appropriateness tothe local context



AB =

An Integrated Profile of IAC

Alternative(3)

An AB C+

Alternative An Integrated AB C+

Theinning


6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIA

Profile of IAIntegrated

Profile of IA

B =C+(4)

A=


Alternative

Profile of IAB =C+winningalternative

and how to apply itand how to apply itB C

= Profile of IA(5)




An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture2 D l i th Wi i Alt ti IPIA2- Developing the Winning Alternative: IPIA


AB =C+A

1- Introduction Global boundary Local boundaryArchitecture1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence


Global boundaryof sustainability

Local boundaryof sustainability

Architecture


4- Implicationsof IA perspectives In addition to

th i i t

VirtualArchitecture

PhysicalArchitecture


6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIAAnother local boundary

Automated Architecture

the viewpoints that would

contribute to the profile; Others

and how to apply itand how to apply it Another local boundary of sustainability




An Integrated Profile of Intelligent ArchitectureAn Integrated Profile of Intelligent Architecture3 H t A l th IPIA t S lid A li ti3- How to Apply the IPIA to Solid Applications

Comparative

1- Introduction

SA OthersVA AA

Comparative Analysis

(in the light of IPIA and the 2 level strategy)

Architecture The WinningAlternative

(s)

CompromiseFinal

Solution1- IntroductionHuman Intelligence


strategy)

Aims

Objectives

Aims

Objectives



Built Spaces

Activities

People

Built Spaces

Activities


6- Proposed IPIA6- Proposed IPIA

People

Etc.

People

Etc.

and how to apply itand how to apply it



Results, Conclusions and Future WorkResults, Conclusions and Future WorkIn this paper, the complexity of IA and the conflictbetween its proposals were investigated,highlighting the need for a coherent profile tointegrate the wide range of knowledge taking theintegrate the wide range of knowledge, taking thelocal context into account. First, IA definitions,proposals and viewpoints were introduced to becategorized into three broad perspectives: VA, AA

d b d d h i li i fand SA. To better understand the implications ofIA perspectives, the offered opportunities andimposed challenges were investigated. After that,alternatives of integration were explored, thealternatives of integration were explored, thewinning alternative was developed and the IPIAwas sketched, proposing a method for application.

In a future work the worked out IPIA is to beIn a future work, the worked out IPIA is to beapplied to solid applications, investigating itsability to develop existing built environments.



Thank you !!Thank you !!

the conflict of architectural intelligence

News & Politics