test results: working fluids testsrd.kek.jp/slides/20130702/thermal-3.pdf · test results: working...
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Test Results: Working Fluids Tests
Horizontal heat mode
For the similar system, water can maintain evaporator temperature (@ 250 W): 1.6 times lower than Ethanol 1.3 times lower than Methanol
For the similar system, water can achieve total resistance (@ 250 W): 2 times lower than Ethanol 1.5 times lower than Methanol
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0
10
20
30
40
50
60
50
55
60
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70
75
80
600 700 800 900 1000 1100
Vo
lum
etri
c Sh
rin
kage
, %
Po
rosi
ty, %
Sintering Temperature, ºC
Wick Flow Properties
5% Up
Nickel wick
TILOP – 45 µm TC459 – 24 µm TC200 – 17 µm
Titanium wick
Merits: High porosity with fine pore size Low thermal conductivity
Conditions: 900 - 950 °C / 1 hr
2
Small Scale Loop Heat Pipe Performance
3
10 mm
30 mm
150 mm
10 mm
250 mm
125 mm
Flat Evaporator
Round evaporator
Small scale prototype has: High heat flux capability High thermal resistance
for lower input powers
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0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
0 20 40 60 80
Heat Load, W
Tem
peratu
re,
°C
Loop heat pipe: Technology Comparison
mLHP
solution
Heat Pipe
solution
Liquid Cooling
solution
20 W/cm2 45 W/cm2 60 W/cm2
Amb
LHP#1
LC LHP#2
HP
Low heat flux
HP & Liquid
cooling comparable
LHP resistance
high
Medium heat flux
Liquid cooling
better than LHP and
HP
HP resistance high
High heat flux
LHP performs
superior than liquid
& HP cooling
1 2 3
1 2 3
Condenser - 2
Condenser - 1
Evaporator#1
Evaporator
# 2
Evaporator
#3
Liquid Line
Vapour Line
Loop heat pipe for multiple heat source cooling
Evaporator #1 Evaporator #2
Fin-and-tube type condenser
Details: Two separate loops with separate evaporator and single condenser
Heat Pipe material: Copper
Wick material: Sintered copper (-350 Mesh number)
Working Fluid: Deionised, degassed and distilled water
Operating Configuration: Condenser Above Evaporators
Vapour line #1
Vapour line #2 Liquid line #1
Liquid line #2
Loop heat pipe with Dual Evaporator
Energy Conservation Applications
7
Heat Pipe Snow Melting System Using Geothermal Heat
8
Heat Pipes
Corrugated Flexible Heat Pipes, Stainless steel & R-134a.
Aomori city
3 Hps / 1 hole Installation
Heat Pipe Snow Melting System Using Natural and Waste Heat
9
Heat Source: Electric Transformer Heat Source: Underground Water
Heat Source: Waste Hot Spa Water Heat Source: Storage
Solar Heat Heat Source: Geothermal
Partial Heating
Snow damage prevention system for electric pole branch wire
Snow melting for electric pole branch wire using a heat pipe.
Electric pole
Wire
Heat Pipe
Heat dissipation
Snow
Snow-melted hole
Soil temperature : 2 to 6 deg.C
Soil
Heat collection
Thermal insulation
A Photograph of Field test in Hokkaido
10
Artificial Permafrost Storage System
Φ46㎜ OD heat pipes (216pcs)
Condenser
Thermal insulation
Thermo-Siphon
Frozen soil
Cold air
Cold storage
Food Freezing Index Definition of Freezing Index: Minus average temperature x days
1500
1000
500
0 10 15 20 25
Warmest Monthly Average temperature ℃
Fre
ezin
g In
dex
(℃・
Day
)
Edmonton
Anchorage Moscow
Helsinki Obihiro
Toronto New York Stockholm
Munich Warsaw Aomori
11
Natural Cold Energy Storage by Heat Pipes for Data-Center in Cold Region
Heat Pipes
Ice storage
Servers
Natural cold energy
Cooling Fins
Data-Center may be constructed in the Cold Region to conserve the Cooling Energy.
Heat pipe does not work.
(At Top heat mode)
- Summer -
GL
- Winter -
GL
Vapor
Liquid
Heat pipe works.
(At Bottom heat mode)
Fins
Heat Pipe
Ice
12
Heat Pipe Ice Storage System for Data Center
Chiller
Cooling Tower
Data Center: 200 kW
Cold storage discharging line
Tcp-in = 22 ℃
Tcp-out = 32 ℃
22℃
32℃
32℃
22℃
Heat Pipe Ice Storage System
Cold storage charging during below zero winter season
ΔT =10℃
Indirect Water-to-Air Hx
Air mover (fan)
Failure support requirement
~ 6 hours chiller downtime
3 Way control valve
Green data center support system
No running cost
Smaller system size
Lower capital cost nprp
Indirect ice/water to Water/Propylene Glycol Hx
+
+
13
Electric Power : 168 KW Electric generator
Geothermal temperature :400 ℃ Rock
L: 1
0K
m
Vapor flow
Tv:200℃
Impulse Turbine
P
Hot water supply: 100℃ - 1,927KW
Condenser & Reservoir
Liquid flow
Showering nozzles
Control Valve
Double Loop Tube Heat Pipe for Geothermal Extraction System
Le:1Km Q: 2,095 KW
Corrugate Heat pipe OD:1m
14
Nuclear Fuel Cooling
18
Proposed Heat Pipe ECCS System for BWR Plant
Condenser
Reactor Building
Concrete Chamber
Vapor (282℃,
66.8Kg/cm2)
Control Rod
Suppression Pool 1,750 Ton
Vent
Turbine Generator
Water Pump
Cooling Pump
Circulation Pump
180℃
282℃
Reactor Vessel
460MW-e BWR (Thermal Power:1,380KW)
Fuel
ECCS/ Water Spray for Chamber
ECCS/ High Pressure Water Spray for Core
ECCS/ Low Pressure Water Spray for Core
Turbine Building
Water Water
Valve Water reservoir
Heat Pipe Condenser
Heat Pipe Evaporator
Sea water Inlet
Waste Water
19
Vapor
Flow Reservoir
Water
Valve
Liquid
Flow
Evaporator
with needle
Reactor
Vessel
Gravity Water
Charge Tank
Air Cooled Condenser
Fuel Rod
Valve
Summary of Heat Pipe ECCS Design
20
Pre-heating zone
Water Charge nozzle
Summary Design of Heat Pipe Based ECCS Air cooled condenser
Initial water charge system Reactor vessel
Evaporator section
Vapour line Liquid line
Fuel rods
Control rods 21
17m
5m
7m
Concrete Chamber
Spent Fuel Cooling System by
Thermal Diode Heat Pipe
Spent Fuel Bundles
Water Level
Heat Pipes 1 inch SUS-Anmonium
Air Cooled Condenser
of Heat Pipes(Thermal Diode
Function)
Water Pool
(1,400Tons)
12m x 12m
4m
10m
22
4.5m
Heat Pipe Specification
23
Flexible Corrugated heat pipes
4m
Evaporator
Condenser
6m
Tube: SUS tube JIS G 3459-1976
25A Schedule 5s OD:34.0mm, ID:
30.7mm, t:1.65mm 1.32Kg/m
Flexible region
100mm
8mm
Aluminum
fins
1.5mm T
Working fluid: Ammonium
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