ted sanitation technology options in lesotho...pres ted - sanitation sector 05042011 [compatibility...
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Technologies for Economic DevelopmentPolo Ground 49/3, PO BOX 14621, Maseru -100
Telephone: +266-22317795, Fax: +266 2232 5621, Email: info@ted-biogas.org
web: www.ted-biogas.org; Reg. No.:2004/90
TED
Sanitation
Technology Options in Lesotho
Elisabeth-Maria Huba, Senior Advisor Mantopi Lebofa, Director
Lesotho Water Week 2011
Maseru, Lesotho
07-04-11
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Content
TED
1. TED
2. Urban Sanitation Strategies 2. Urban Sanitation Strategies
3. Sanitation options
4. Approaches
5. Conclusions
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1. TED
• Lesotho based NGO, founded in 2004
• Activities covering among others the following areas:– Urban and Rural Sanitation technologies:
• Biogas & Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems
• Urine Diverting Dry Toilets &
TED
Amalooloo
– Education on WASH:
• in schools, football clubs,
– A wide range of other technologies to protect health, environment and climate
• biomass conservation through efficient stove technologies
• nutrient recycling for fertilizer application
– Technical trainingmost of the sectors were identified in the Lesotho Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper; all relate to MDG
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2. Urban Sanitation Strategies
• Population: about 200,000 on 140 km2
• Annual growth rate: 3.5%• Piped water supply coverage: 66% • Sanitation coverage:
TED
• Sanitation coverage: – 9.2% flush toilets; – 45% ventilated improved Pits– 43.1 % unsealed Pit latrine– 2.9% no sanitation facilities
• Data: www.mdgmonitor.org
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Annual production
• Individual person: – 500 litres urine; 50 kg feces
• Globally:– 3,500,000,000,000 litres urine;
TED
– 3,500,000,000,000 litres urine; – 350,000,000,000 kg feces
• Lesotho - total: – 1,000,000,000 litres urine; 100,000,000 kg feces
• Maseru:– 100,000,000 litres urine; 10,000,000 kg feces
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N, P, K and other plant
nutrients are removed
during sewage treatment
Urban sanitation
Deficit of Human Excreta
Management
Global Shortage of
Phosphorus
E-Coli bacteria,
Salmonella spp.
Shigella spp.
Vibrio cholerae
High Cost and Waste in
Sewage Disposal
Urban sanitation
Cities Besieged by
Garbage
Diarrheal disease,
parasitic infestation, …...
Using drinking water for
sewage transport!
High energy input !
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Common situation seen in peri-urban areas often also with unlined VIP Latrines
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Protecting our drinking water
8
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Key Parameter for Urban
Sanitation StrategyTED
“All the Basotho are entitled to have
access to a sustainable supply of
potable water and to the provision of potable water and to the provision of
basic sanitation services at an
affordable cost”.
Lesotho Water and Sanitation Policy Ministry of Natural Resources, 2007
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Key Parameter for Urban
Sanitation Strategy
1. Disease Prevention
2. Environmental protection
a) Resource saving and reuse
b) Pollution Prevention
c) Climate protection & climate change mitigation
TED
mitigation
3. Nutrient Recycling (Food Security & Safety)
4. Acceptable by customers
5. Affordable by customers and municipality
6. Comfort & Simplicity
7. Convenient in O&M
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Decentralised Wastewater Treatment Systems
Simplified Community
Sewerage
Shared Septic Tank
3. Sanitation options
Community Ablution Block
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sedimentation pond
Sedimentationseptic tank
Anaerobic digestion
anaerobic filter anaerobic baffled reactor
fixed dome biogas digester
Aerobic and facultative
decomposition
Post treatmentaerobic-facultative ponds and aerobic polishing ponds
Other systems such as UASB, sequencing batch reactors, rotating discs, activated sludge reactors, etc. do not belong to DEWATS
planted gravel filter
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Additional
organic feeding
material (waste)
Biogas taken to the house
Irrigation of garden and
lawn by gravity
On-site urban
Biogas-Sanitation ComponentsTED
Sketch of biogas tank. Wastewater as well as kitchen and garden waste enter the digester and are broken
down to biogas and fertile water.
The advantages: Nearly no more emptying . Reuse of all effluent as fertilizer and irrigation water in the
garden. Reduce expenses for daily cooking energy. Smoke free kitchen. Climate protection.
Methane producing micro-
organisms produce biogas,
reduction of pathogens
Effluent flowing into the
expansion canal (biogas storage)
Root Treatment System for
effluent post-purification
Storage for irrigation – effluent
could be pumped or irrigate
gravitationally in drains
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1 Meter up
Strip Foundation & water sealed slab casting
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Next step to place gas outlet pipe
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From garbage to a beautiful garden
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Changing waste into fertilizer protecting underground water
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Changing waste into fertilizer protecting underground water
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Amalooloo:
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A Urine Diversion Dry Toilet with hand washing facility, toilet brush, and further toilet comfort basics
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4. ApproachesWorldwide cooperation partners and networks =>> updated knowledge on sanitation technologies
1. BORDA - Bremen Overseas Research & Development Association
2. USTB-CSES - University of Science & Technology Beijing – Centre for Sustainable Environmental Sanitation
3. GIZ - Deutsche Gesellschaft fuer Internationale Zusammenarbeit – Centre for International Migration & Development
4. GTO - German Toilet Organisation
5. IWA - International Water Association
6. WSSCC – Water Supply and Sanitation Collaborative Council
7. SAKNSS – Southern African Knowledge Node on Sustainable Sanitation (EcoSanRes & SEI)
8. IBBK & FNBB/GERBIO – International Biogas & Bioenergy Competence Center
9. WASH United
10. WaterLex – International NGO working for the Human Right to Water and Sanitation
11. Action contre la Faim Mongolia – NGO working in Social Marketing for Ecological Sanitation
12. WASAZA Water and Sanitation Association Zambia – professional association
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Service Packages
TED
1. Agro-Industry
2. School Sanitation
3. Community Based Sanitation (CBS)
4. DEWATS for Small and Medium Scale Enterprises
5. Health Impact Assessment & Hygiene Education
6. Capacity Building6. Capacity Building
7.Municipal Sludge Treatment
8.Sanitation Mapping & City Wide Planning
9.Sanitation for Prisons
10.Sanitation for Real Estates
11.Emergency Sanitation
12.Sanitation for Hospitals, Hotels & Eco-Tourism Ressorts, Military Camps
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What happens when the pit gets full?
Urban Sludge Management
� Empting of on-site facilities is responsibility of the
individual owner
� Demand based desludging service is responsibilities
of the municipality,
WaterAid Gulper in Tanzania
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of the municipality,
� Many municipalities involve private service provider
� Sludge disposal in municipality owned
sewerage treatment works or sludge treatment
plants Vacuum tank Indonesia
Sludge disposal Tanzania
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Sludge stabilization and separation tankDischarging
point
Municipal Sludge Treatment Plant (MSTP)
Biogas tank Sludge drying bed
m in
m a x
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From R&D to large scale
implementation
TOPICS:
• Sanitation & Renewable Energies• Sustainable Environmental Sanitation • Agriculture & Livestock
Options
In Cooperation with USTB - CSES
Testing Improve Demo Improve DesignR & D
Large scale implementation
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• … based on three pillars:– 1. Stimulating DEMAND– 2. Private sector involvement in SUPPLY
Social marketing for sanitation
– 2. Private sector involvement in SUPPLY– 3. SOCIAL pressure
• Social marketing works to help people change their behaviors positively
24/04/2011 26
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• Hand washing with Soap• ..• ..
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Any genuine behaviour change has to be voluntary
• ..• ..• ..• ..• Desire for a healthy life
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5 P’s of Sanitation Marketing
1.product
2.price2.price
3.place
4.promotion
5.People24/04/2011 28
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Sustainability issues
TED
• 125 Biogas-DEWATS constructed by TED to date since 2003 - paid fully by owners
• an average of 15 systems in a year• On average two requests a week• Costs for commonly constructed digester sizes:
• 6m3 at ≈ M20 000 (≈ €2,200)• 9m3 at ≈ M25 000 (≈ €2,800)
• Challenges:• QUALITY • Ownership• Coping with demand
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5. Conclusion
TED
Yes, there are
1. acceptable and
2. affordable and
3. ecologically safe 3. ecologically safe
Sanitation Technologies, already successfully
installed in urban settlements in Lesotho
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sanitizing
wastewater
on the
compound
making it fit for irrigation making it fit for irrigation
�� saving valuable drinking watersaving valuable drinking water
�� encouraging home gardening
�� Improving living conditions
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Turning organic waste (solid
and liquid) into biogas for
cooking is an important
measure for CLIMATE
PROTECTION, change
mitigation and resilience
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Water is life …..
Sanitation is dignity
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34www.ted-biogas.org
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