teacher’s notes fuel starter:- wood shavings, scrap pieces of paper. post it notes, poster paper...

Teacher’s NotesTeacher’s Notes• Fuel Starter:- Wood Shavings, Scrap pieces of paper.

• Post it notes, Poster Paper• Comparing fuels:-

– Per group: two spirit burners labelled A and B, boiling tubes, a 10 cm3 measuring cylinder, a thermometer, a clamp stand and a stop clock. Fuel A is ethanol and fuel B is paraffin.

– Graph Paper

• Extension:- Food Energy– Per group:- Food Samples:- Crisps, walnuts, corn flakes,

food burning clips (wooden base with spikes),

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ConnectorConnector

1. Name three different types of Energies.

2. What is Energy measured in?3. What three things do we need in

order for Combustion to occur?

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Fuels AlightFuels AlightLesson OutcomesLesson Outcomes

• To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment

• To be able to design a reliable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors.

• To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

What makes a good fuel?What makes a good fuel?

• Demo burning of three different types of fuels:-– Wood Shavings,– Small pieces of paper,– Bunsen burner

• Discuss which fuel is best? What makes a good fuel?

• How could you find out which fuel is best?

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Today we will plan and Today we will plan and carry out an carry out an

experiment to test experiment to test which fuel is best..which fuel is best..

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Fuel Experiment DemoFuel Experiment Demo

• Demonstrate the two fuels burning inside a spirit burner.

• Go through the different safety aspects involved. Students to write up an appropriate Risk Assessment (using writing frames).

• Students plan the variables involved in the experiment..

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Comparing Fuels Comparing Fuels ExperimentExperiment

• Aim:- To be able to design and carry out an experiment to test which fuel is best.

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What is a Variable in an What is a Variable in an experiment?experiment?

• A variable is something we can change in an experiment.

• On your post it notes write down as many different variables with this experiment as you can think of.

• On your poster draw the table below:-

• Arrange your post it notes in the table.

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Types of Variables Variable name

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Control Variable

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Fuels AlightFuels AlightLesson OutcomesLesson Outcomes

• To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment

• To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors.

• To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

How can we ensure our How can we ensure our experiment is repeatable and experiment is repeatable and

valid?valid?

• Repeatability:- • To ensure an experiment is repeatable

you should repeat the experiment at least 3 times ensuring your results are similar each time.

• Validity:- • We can ensure our experiment is Valid by

ensuring we only change the IV in the experiment and that all other variables are kept constant.

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Results TableResults Table

• Using your variables draw an appropriate Results table.

• Remember that IV always go on the left hand side and DV on the right hand side.

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Types of Variables

Variable name

Independent Variable

Dependent Variable

Control Variable

Results TableResults TableType of Fuel Initial

Temperature of Water (°C)

Final Temperature of Water (°C)

Change in Temperature (°C)

A

B

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Reading 1Reading 1

Type of Fuel Initial Temperature of Water (°C)

Final Temperature of Water (°C)

Change in Temperature (°C)

A

B

Reading 2Reading 2

Type of Fuel Initial Temperature of Water (°C)

Final Temperature of Water (°C)

Change in Temperature

A

B

Reading 3Reading 3

Can you spot any errors? Do all your repeated results look similar? If not you should repeat any that don’t.

EquipmentEquipment

• Boiling tubes 2• Holder• Water• Thermometer• Fuel• Safety goggles• Stopwatch• Heat proof mat

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Average ResultsAverage Results

• Add up your 3 readings for Change in Temperature and divide by 3.

• Draw an appropriate graph to show your results.

• Remember if both your variables (IV and DV) are numbers then you should draw a line graph otherwise draw a bar graph.

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Type of Fuel Average increase in temperature (°C)

Criteria for graph levelsCriteria for graph levels

• Labelled axis• Written units• Lines in pencil• Used at least 2/3rd of the graph• Neat columns• Range is good• Title written

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Fuels AlightFuels AlightLesson OutcomesLesson Outcomes

• To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment

• To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors.

• To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.

ConclusionConclusion

• Form an appropriate conclusion. • Which fuel was best?• How did you know?• Refer to your graph to form an

example.

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ExtensionExtension

• Repeat the experiment for testing which food has most energy:-– Crisps– Corn Flakes– Walnuts

– Video

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Fuels AlightFuels AlightLesson OutcomesLesson Outcomes

• To be able to explain what makes a good fuel and design an experiment to measure it with an appropriate risk assessment

• To be able to design a repeatable and valid experiment checking for systematic and random errors.

• To be able to present the results in an appropriate manner and to form a conclusion from the results.

Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Key Words:- Chemical Energy, Control Variable, Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.Independent Variable, Dependent Variable, Risk.