tci 2014 the evolution of cluster policies in europe from regions to cluster organisations: the...

The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap Elisabet Juan Tresserra Academic 3: The Evolution of Cluster: from the Competitive Advantage of Nations to the Cluster Initiatives Greenbook 2.0

12 November 2014

Your partner in economic development

The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap

TCI 2014 Monterrey

2

Main presentation ideas

01 The best cluster is not the strongest but the one with a higher capacity of

adaptation 02

Change requires new references

and a vision

03 Organisations are often necessary to lead this change

04 But regions should

recover a more active role

3

What makes a cluster successful?

4

Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems

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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems

The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani

“

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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems

The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani

“

7

Different stages, different adaptation capacities G

ROW

TH (E

.G. S

ALE

S, V

OLU

MES

)

TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal

8

Different stages, different adaptation capacities G

ROW

TH (E

.G. S

ALE

S, V

OLU

MES

)

TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

Maximum cluster

sinergies

Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal

9

GRO

WTH

(E.G

. SA

LES,

VO

LUM

ES)

TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

Poorer cluster

performance

Different stages, different adaptation capacities

10

GRO

WTH

(E.G

. SA

LES,

VO

LUM

ES)

TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

INDUSTRY

NON CLUSTER COMPANIES

Different stages, different adaptation capacities

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GRO

WTH

(E.G

. SA

LES,

VO

LUM

ES)

TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE

INDUSTRY

NON CLUSTER COMPANIES

Different stages, different adaptation capacities

The same reasons that make a cluster productive will turn against it under new conditions

“ ” Based on Saxenian, Sölvell

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How do complex systems change?

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Change steps (Kotter)

2 3 New

references

Sustain

change

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Change steps (Kotter)

2 3 New

references

Sustain

change

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Change steps (Kotter)

2 3 New

references

Sustain

change

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Change steps (Kotter)

2 3 New

references

Sustain

change

17

Change in a complex organisation does not happen casually and needs a vision , new leaders and a governance

“

” Cause change Vision New references and

eliminate obstacles New framework

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Are cluster organisations the

solution?

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Figures on cluster organisations

66%

90% of the cluster organisations are managed by an existing institution

PUBLIC FUNDING

66% of the funding is public. Membership accounts for 25% and services for 9%.

90%

Source: ESCA evaluations, Kettels (2012) based on study on 254 european cluster organisations

PREVIOUSLY EXISTING

1.000 CLUSTER

ORGANISATIONS (2012)

60% PRIVATE BOARD

60% of the board members are private, 15% public institutions, 17% academia

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Clusters are already “organisation rich”, should we create…

Another organisation?

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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…

Another organisation? A framework for change?

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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…

Another organisation? A framework for change? •  Reinforced actions!•  Modified actions!•  New actions!•  Actions in collaboration!

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Framework

What elements do we need to create it?

Plan

Company strategy!

Control

25

What is the role of the regional government?

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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?

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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?

20-50%

38%

Europe

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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?

20-50%

38%

Europe

It is not only about clusters, it is about prosperity in a territory

“

” Based on Porter, Fontrodona, European Commission

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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?

Competitiveness policies

Cluster initiatives

•  Regional •  Innovation •  Internationalisation •  Clusters •  …

•  Better education •  Market development •  Technology development •  Competitive environment •  …

Clusters provide with objective knowledge to design better policies

“

” Based on Sölvell

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What are the take outs?

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Food for thought

Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated

Framework Plan

Company strategy!

Control

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Food for thought

Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit

Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated

Framework Plan

Company strategy!

Control

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Food for thought

Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit

Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated

Framework Plan

Company strategy!

Control

CLUSTERS REGIONS

Strike a balance in which regions regain control over cluster policies

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Thank you Elisabet Juan Tresserra elisabet.juan@competitiveness.com