tci 2014 the evolution of cluster policies in europe from regions to cluster organisations: the...
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The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap Elisabet Juan Tresserra Academic 3: The Evolution of Cluster: from the Competitive Advantage of Nations to the Cluster Initiatives Greenbook 2.0
12 November 2014
Your partner in economic development
The evolution of cluster policies in Europe from regions to cluster organisations: the cluster trap
TCI 2014 Monterrey
2
Main presentation ideas
01 The best cluster is not the strongest but the one with a higher capacity of
adaptation 02
Change requires new references
and a vision
03 Organisations are often necessary to lead this change
04 But regions should
recover a more active role
3
What makes a cluster successful?
4
Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani
“
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Clusters are complex adaptative ecosystems
The success of a cluster does not depend on its agglomeration but in its knowledge, capacity of change and adaptation to new realities ” Based on Saxenian, Comission of European Communities, Sölvell, Giuliani
“
7
Different stages, different adaptation capacities G
ROW
TH (E
.G. S
ALE
S, V
OLU
MES
)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal
8
Different stages, different adaptation capacities G
ROW
TH (E
.G. S
ALE
S, V
OLU
MES
)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Maximum cluster
sinergies
Sölvell, Menzel and Fohrnal
9
GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
Poorer cluster
performance
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
10
GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
INDUSTRY
NON CLUSTER COMPANIES
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
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GRO
WTH
(E.G
. SA
LES,
VO
LUM
ES)
TIME BIRTH GROWTH MATURITY DECLINE
INDUSTRY
NON CLUSTER COMPANIES
Different stages, different adaptation capacities
The same reasons that make a cluster productive will turn against it under new conditions
“ ” Based on Saxenian, Sölvell
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How do complex systems change?
13
Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
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Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
15
Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
16
Change steps (Kotter)
2 3 New
references
Sustain
change
17
Change in a complex organisation does not happen casually and needs a vision , new leaders and a governance
“
” Cause change Vision New references and
eliminate obstacles New framework
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Are cluster organisations the
solution?
19
Figures on cluster organisations
66%
90% of the cluster organisations are managed by an existing institution
PUBLIC FUNDING
66% of the funding is public. Membership accounts for 25% and services for 9%.
90%
Source: ESCA evaluations, Kettels (2012) based on study on 254 european cluster organisations
PREVIOUSLY EXISTING
1.000 CLUSTER
ORGANISATIONS (2012)
60% PRIVATE BOARD
60% of the board members are private, 15% public institutions, 17% academia
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Clusters are already “organisation rich”, should we create…
Another organisation?
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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…
Another organisation? A framework for change?
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Clusters are already organisation rich, should we create…
Another organisation? A framework for change? • Reinforced actions!• Modified actions!• New actions!• Actions in collaboration!
24
Framework
What elements do we need to create it?
Plan
Company strategy!
Control
25
What is the role of the regional government?
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
20-50%
38%
Europe
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
20-50%
38%
Europe
It is not only about clusters, it is about prosperity in a territory
“
” Based on Porter, Fontrodona, European Commission
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Why regions started cluster policies and why is it important?
Competitiveness policies
Cluster initiatives
• Regional • Innovation • Internationalisation • Clusters • …
• Better education • Market development • Technology development • Competitive environment • …
Clusters provide with objective knowledge to design better policies
“
” Based on Sölvell
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What are the take outs?
31
Food for thought
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
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Food for thought
Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
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Food for thought
Cluster based policies are about prosperity and regions are an optimal unit
Frameworks make sense with a purpose and it is how they should be evaluated
Framework Plan
Company strategy!
Control
CLUSTERS REGIONS
Strike a balance in which regions regain control over cluster policies
