tci 2014 future cluster policy in korea
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Future Cluster Policy in Korea: Towards Global Collaboration Cluster ProgramJun Yeup Kim
13 November 2014
FUTURE CLUSTER POLICY IN KOREA:TOWARDS GLOBAL COLLABORATION CLUSTER PROGRAM
PROF. JUN YEUP KIM
ISSUES IN CLUSTER?
Building capacity in sustainability
Hardware + software building in region-centric
approach or sectoral approach?
Talents? (Mathew 25:14-30)
Delivery mechanisms?
Cluster and the role of government organization ?
PRODUCTION, INFORMATION COSTS AND
ECONOMIC ORGANIZATION
“Conceiving competition as the exchange of knowledge or information about qualities indicates that the firm is device for enhancing competition among set of input resources” (Alchain and Demsetz, 1972, p.795)
- These input resources can foster collaboration!
- Hence, the main idea is about the relationship between firms and their environment, encompassing all the institutions competing and collaboration
THE CONTEXT OF CLUSTER POLICY IN KOREA
Regional and Industry level?
Role of Government Organization?
- Dynamic brokerage process of regional and industrial
clustering
- Spill over of technological activity become more useful
when there are networking coordinators in nodes and
linkages
- Trinity of Cluster policy in Korea?
The ultimate goal is to
strengthen the
industrial
competitiveness
through enhanced
interconnection
between the industry
and the technology
R&D sector in the
region
THE DIRECTION OF CLUSTER POLICY IN KOREA
SHIFT FROM ‘INDUSTRIAL COMPLEX’ TO
‘INNOVATIVE CLUSTER’ IN KICOX POLICY
OVERVIEW OF KOREAN CLUSTER MODEL
Toward World-class Industrial Clusters that drive development of Korean
EconomyVision
Objectives Innovative Cluster with Open Network
Mature (’13~’16)
Construction of industrial Cluster base
Formation (’05~’08)
Individual Industrial Complex (7→12)
Scope
Activation of Cluster Network
Growth (’09~’12)
Regional Industrial Complex(25 Hub, 168 Linkages)
National Industrial Complex(All industrial complex)
Korean cluster modelCustomized development
StrategyPan-Regional industrial cluster
Activate global network
Strengthen Network ActivitiesAutonomous grassrootindustrial ecosystem
Construction of Industry-University-Research Institute Networking ▷ Mini-cluster activities
Activities Pan-Regional cluster policy ▷ Strengthen R&D Capability (Theme Cluster activities)
Enterprise consulting Program ▷ SME’s Business Strategy, Financial Plan, Technology Development
자료) 한국산업단지공단(www.e-cluster.net)
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
IMPORTANCE OF INDUSTRIAL CLUSTERS IN KOREA
Regional Manufacturing output share in Industrial Cluster is average 69%
42%58%
10%
90%
10%
90%
48% 52%
27%
73%
17%
83%
Inchon
Deajeon
Daegu
Busan
Ulsan
55%
45%
Gyunggi
57%43%
Kangwon
40%
60%
Chungbuk
48%52%
Chungna
m
12%
88%
100%
0%
29%
71%
31%
69%
83%
17%
Kyungbuk
Cheonnam
Jeju
Cheonbu
k
Kungnam
Gwangju
Output in elsewhere
Output in Industrial Cluster
* 2012년 GDP 중 제조업 비중 28%(지역별 비중 : 서울 6%, 부산 19%, 대구 22%, 인천 26%, 광주 27%, 대전 17%, 울산 56%, 경기 33%, 강원 10%, 충북 39%, 충남 51%, 전북 27%, 전남 36%, 경북 47%, 경남 43%,
제주 3%) 자료) 통계청(지역계정, 광업∙제조업조사, 국가산업단지산업동향)
FEATURE OF KOREAN CLUSTER MODEL
1. Mini-cluster
2. Theme Cluster
3. New Direction of Cluster Policy
WHAT IS MINI CLUSTERS?
Mini clusters refer to small group alliances of SMEs,
universities, research institutes, supporting agencies
and local government categorized by the similar type
of special sectors (e.g. engines, materials ..) in
strategic business or technological goal
Theme clusters are based on specific theme of
specialized production to collaborate among different
sectors’ firms and institutes
FORMATION OF MINI CLUSTER, INTER-FIRM NETWORK
ACTIVITY AND PROJECT SUPPORT
The number of MC is
when peak of 81
and then transform
in 2013, 69 MC
In 2013, 69 Mini Clusters create 59,900 network activities and 7,500 members
of Industry-University-Research Institute completed 17,700 projects
7차 8차
70 69
9차
34
3차 4차 6차5차
81
54
39
77
2차
55
1차
35
9차
7,537
10%
3%
13%
8차
3%
10%
4%
12%
73%
5,987
11%
74%
7,182
72%
11%
13%
4%
13%
5차
5,413
7,087
11%
6차
73%
7차3차
5%
2차
69%
5%19%
70%
15%
69%70%
5,153
3,120
8%6%
2,706
4%
17%
67%
4차
11%
13%
11%5%
3,149
1차
5%
19%
대학
기업
지원기관
연구소
대상단지확대
광역 개편
10,560
(17.6%)
정부정책 및클러스터사업 설명회
1,802
(3.0%)
교류회
7,686
(12.8%)
1,589
(2.7%)
5,222
(8.7%)
기술세미나
기타(홍보등)
1,718
(2.9%)
지원기관협의회
정기회의평가위원회
27,107
(45.3%)
4,205
(7.0%)
과제발굴회의시제품제작
2,975
(16.8%)
기관연계
마케팅
5,170
(29.1%)
R&D
2,005
(11.3%)
산업재산권
기타
3,906
(22.0%)
120(0.7%)
1,644
(9.3%)
1,935
(10.9%)
교육
Mini Cluster formation
Number of MC member
N/W 활동 Project SupportsN/W Activities
MC membership is
increasing trend
average per year 13%
in 2013, number of
member 7,537
The number of N/W
activities 59,889, Ave.
per year
increased23% and
through conference
of project is the most
important
Total number of
project support
17,755, Marketing
skill support is the
highest (total share
29.1%)
자료) 한국산업단지공단 자료 기반 KnowledgeWorks 분석
ORGANIZATION OF SIG WITHIN METAL AND
MATERIAL MINI-CLUSTER IN BANWOL SIHWA
ORGANIZATION OF SIG WITHIN METAL AND
MATERIAL MINI-CLUSTER IN BANWOL SIHWA
Background of Theme Cluster
16
TechnologyDevelopment
Firm-led N/W
Theme Cluster
(2005. 8. 26) Sub Mini Cluster KICK OFF
▶ Sustainable development of clustered firms &Fostering regional industry development ~
- Sustainable indigenous cluster
- Through ITC convergence technology innovation and fostering region
industry cluster
(2013. 9. 25 )Theme Cluster KICK OFF
Network
Cluster in Open
Innovation
Regional & Global Cluster
SpecializationCompetitive
Cluster
Stakeholders
Project Cost
Mini Cluster
Business Area
Location
Global N/W
Daemo Engineering, 15 related firms, university, Government Agency
1.3 million USD
Open Network
Construction Equipment Attachment
Gyunggi Province, National Industrial Complex
USA CONEXPO Potential customer group meeting
Vision Through Global Network to foster Construction Engineering Clusters
Project Period 2013. 9.1 – 2015. 8.31
Total SH 18
Construction Engineering Attachment
Construction Equipment IT Technology & Safety Device Attachment
The Case of Theme Clusters in Korea
17
Daemo Engineering
Strategy (Ⅰ)Jinki
Firm 1
Firm 2Firm 3
Firm 4
Polytechnic Univ.
R&D(Ⅱ)Jungwoo
R&D(Ⅰ)Daemo
Firm 9
Firm 10 Firm 11
Polytechnic Univ.
Strategy (Ⅱ)Korea Construction Association
Firm 5
Firm 6 Firm 7
Firm 8
Construction Pressure Breaker Engineering system
Key Network
Open Network Hub
Daemo Firm 13
Firm 12Firm 14
Strategy (Ⅲ)
Theme Cluster Project – Network Structure
Project: Construction equipment in Attachment System Development
18
Quick Coupler Security SystemTechnology Development
Quick Coupler Cast Steel Material
Marketing Information
Vision
Aims
Strategies
Vision
Establish Global Partnership to foster innovative clusters that drive the Development of Korean Economy
Strategies
•Strengthen global & local linkages
•Open innovation & cluster
•Triple Helix Relations (University-Industry-Gov.)
•Regional Innovation system
Aims• Local Buzz (localized N/W) and Global pipeline• Creative and convergence of industrial cluster• Global Partnership and Open Networking
New Direction of Cluster Policy in Korea
New Cluster Policy: Visions
18
KNOWLEDGE SPILLOVER OPEN NETWORK (KSON)
Objectives
From Enterprise Perspective – Through Knowledge Spillover to achieve Innovation
From Ministry of Commerce or KICOX - Core Strategy need to reflect Industry’s opinion
Each Innovative Actors sharing Key Issues in Technology and Business Strategy
Through KSON identify technology needs – Demand-oriented R&D program
Special Interest Group (SIG) - Participate in various technology fields
In these fields, Firms, Universities, Research Centers, Financial Institutes
– Semi-conductors, Advanced Material, Bio Science, Urban Planning, Resource Efficiency, Digital Service, Electronics Sensor & Photonics, Energy, Food Supply, Healthcare, High value Manufacturing, ICT, Space, Automotive equipment
On-line portal or off-line sharing information and workshop
Innovation KSON
– Through collaborating with Enterprise, University, and Government Organization to
set up National Innovation Policy Agenda
Advisory Group in KSON
– Young Professional Researchers’ Networking Group - to foster knowledge spillover
(e.g. Industrial Innovation Forum – main member group is CEO KICOX, Key
members of Korean Industrial Cluster Academic Society)
KSON
Operation Examples
International
Funding org.
EU, WB funding
Key Firms
Theme Cluster
TCI
Asian Chapter
KICOX
Network
EU
FK
London Paris
Oslo Milan
Asia
Singapore
Beijing Taipei
TokyoDaegu
America
Sao
Paulo
Monterrey
Toronto
Bogota
Silicon
Valley
Information
Network
Centre
Tech-
Promotion
Centre
Automotive
ICTBio
MaterialsMachinery Tech-
Development
Centre
Government
research centre
KICOX
KSON
Industrial
Innovation
Forum
Strategy
Implementation
Centre
Knowledge
Sharing Centre ADB
WB
UNIDO
IDB
Global Open Networks
NEED TO CONSIDERATION
• Sustainability?
• Bottom-up and need based approach
• Effective ‘long-term’ relationships with global and regional stakeholders
• Efficient communication system building - Government Institutional Setting
- Global and National level coordination
4. Next step for Cluster Evolution:
Korean Case
Sustainable
Development
(Temporal)
Resiliency
Anchor Industry
S-M-A-R-TCluster Strategy
Sustainability
Multi-Hub
Talent&Technology
Multi-Hub & Spoke
(Spatial)
Embeddedness
(Knowledge, Technology
Resource)
Possibility of Recovery
(Cluster Eco-system)
Creative asset
(Talent-intensive)
Lee and Koo (2010)
17 TH TCI GLOBAL CONFERENCE | CREATING SHARED VALUE THROUGH CLUSTERS FOR A SUSTAINABLE FUTURE
JUN YEUP KIMJUNYEUP@KHU.AC.KR
THANK YOU
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