t8 crucial differences presentation
Post on 07-Dec-2015
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Author - Karin Hausen- Born 1938
- Studied history, German language, literature, and sociology
- 1976: Family and Role-Division
- 1978 - 1995: professor for economic and social history in Berlin
- 1995: found Center for Interdisciplinary women's and gender
studies and lead it until retirement in 2003
- Influential in establishing gender studies in Germany
- Published several journals on that topic - also on colonial and
technological history
Article’s Main PointFive parts - most important points:
1.Character of the sexes
2.Enlightenment
3.Education
4.Socialization
5.Work
1.Character of the Sexesbased on nature, not social roles
complement each other
normative statements men women
active passive
rational emotional
public domestic
individual universal
autonomous, rational, free person
social contract applied to marriage (love marriage)
→ new form of legitimation for the subjection of women to husband and domestic sphere
→ Nature: transgression of boundaries is "going against nature"
2. Enlightenment
4. Socialization the process of acquiring norms and value
mother: emotional security
father: rationality
5. Work Public life vs Domestic life
Paid vs unpaid → domestic work gets devalued
Bureaucratic (abstract/rational) vs traditional (emotional/concrete) work
Class distinctions
Support- Encyclopedias, dictionaries
- Legal aspects, legal scholars (also shows Weckler’s critical thinking)
- Philosophers (Kant, Humbold)
- Politicians (Gervinus)
- Lots of other academic work
- Very cautious, often acknowledges the need for further research
Importance of Main PointsLink information together
Genuine interest in the field
Gender studies not institutionalized
Not much research done
Embraced Pointssocial-constructivism
gender roles
related to production
social change
ideology
socialization/education
Structure1. general introduction, approach (role theory), aims
2. description of the characteristics
3. function (patriarchal authority)
4. emergence/reproduction relating to civil servants, divided work and education
5. greater significance: family work not modernized, influences on family structure/perceptions; socialization
→ dichotomies/polarization/complement
- disposition: male is individual, female is universal
- household/bourgeois family
- forms of work (domestic/wage)
- marriage: meaning changed
Theoretical Concepts
Quotation 1“Thus in the male form the idea of power prevails, in the female more the idea of beauty... the male spirit is more creative, having greater effect on the outside world, more inclined to strive, to precess abstract subjects, to form wide-ranging plans; of the passions the swift, volatile ones belong to the man, the slow secretive, inward ones to the woman.”
Quotation 2“Reproduction is only possible through the cooperation of both; however, the female has mistakably the largest part to play in this operation - while the woman in the main lays the foundation for the ties which bind the family, the man is the link with the external world; he is the bond between family and family, it is he who is the basis of the State.”
Critical StatementCreative linking of different ideas
Jumps back and forth in time
Sections do not coincide with content
Little reference to theoretical concepts of introduction
Distinction between reality and ideology
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