system connectivity merle p. martin mis department csu sacramento

System System ConnectivityConnectivity

Merle P. MartinMerle P. MartinMIS DepartmentMIS DepartmentCSU SacramentoCSU Sacramento

AcknowledgementsAcknowledgements Dr. Russell ChingDr. Russell Ching ( (MIS DeptMIS Dept) )

Source Materiel / GraphicsSource Materiel / Graphics Edie SchmidtEdie Schmidt ( (UMSUMS) - Graphic Design) - Graphic Design Prentice Hall PublishingPrentice Hall Publishing (Permissions) (Permissions)

Martin, Martin, Analysis and Design ofAnalysis and Design of Business Information SystemsBusiness Information Systems, 1995, 1995

AgendaAgenda Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Open SystemsOpen Systems Distributed SystemsDistributed Systems Overall ArchitectureOverall Architecture

Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts DefinitionsDefinitions MediaMedia TopologiesTopologies NetworksNetworks LinesLines

DefinitionsDefinitions Channel:Channel: link by which link by which

data / voice linkeddata / voice linked Speed: bits per Speed: bits per

second (second (bpsbps)) baud ratebaud rate mbpsmbps - - megabytes megabytes

per secondper second

Definitions (Definitions (cont.cont.)) Bandwith:Bandwith: range of range of

frequenciesfrequencies difference between difference between

lowest / highestlowest / highest frequency accommodatedfrequency accommodated on a single channelon a single channel at the same timeat the same time

BroadbandBroadband: more than one signal track : more than one signal track over a comm. media at the same timeover a comm. media at the same time

FrequencyFrequencyFrequencyFrequency TimeTimeTimeTime

1111

0000 1111 0000 1111 1111 0000 0000 0000 TimeTimeTimeTime

Digital SignalDigital SignalDigital SignalDigital Signal

VoltageVoltageVoltageVoltage

Analog SignalAnalog SignalAnalog SignalAnalog Signal

AmplitudeAmplitudeAmplitudeAmplitudeVoltageVoltageVoltageVoltage

Data CommunicationsData CommunicationsData CommunicationsData Communications

AnalogAnalogSignalSignalAnalogAnalogSignalSignal

DigitalDigitalSignalSignalDigitalDigitalSignalSignal

DigitalDigitalSignalSignalDigitalDigitalSignalSignal

PhonePhoneLinesLinesPhonePhoneLinesLines

ModemModem ModemModem

Asynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous TransmissionAsynchronous Transmission

StartStartStartStartbitbitbitbit

ParityParityParityParitybitbitbitbit

StopStopStopStopbitbitbitbit

One byteOne byteOne byteOne byte

Synchronous TransmissionSynchronous TransmissionSynchronous TransmissionSynchronous Transmission

TrailerTrailerTrailerTrailerHeaderHeaderHeaderHeader DataDataDataData ParityParityParityParitybitbitbitbit

Message PacketMessage PacketMessage PacketMessage Packet

Transmission TypesTransmission Types Coaxial cableCoaxial cable

Fiber opticsFiber optics WirelessWireless

MicrowaveMicrowave SatelliteSatellite CellularCellular

Coaxial Coaxial CableCable

Microwave TransmissionMicrowave Transmission

RepeaterRepeaterRepeaterRepeater

Line of SightLine of SightLine of SightLine of Sight Line of SightLine of SightLine of SightLine of Sight

Satellite Satellite TransmissionTransmission

Satellite Satellite TransmissionTransmission

Cellular CommunicationCellular Communication

TopologiesTopologies RingRing BusBus StarStar HierarchicalHierarchical

Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies

RingRing

Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies

BusBus

Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies

StarStar

Network TopologiesNetwork Topologies

HierarchicalHierarchical

IssueIssueShould a firm:Should a firm:

stay at the stay at the forefrontforefront of of telecomm technologytelecomm technology

lest it fall seriously behindlest it fall seriously behindOR OR let other firms go firstlet other firms go firstand learn from their mistakes?and learn from their mistakes?

Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Network typesNetwork types T1 linesT1 lines Network systemsNetwork systems

Local Area Local Area Network (Network (LAN)LAN)

Metropolitan Area Metropolitan Area Network (Network (MANMAN))

Wide Area Network (Wide Area Network (WANWAN)) InternetInternet

Network TypesNetwork Types

Local Area Network Local Area Network (LAN)(LAN)

Wide Area Networks (WAN)Wide Area Networks (WAN)

InternetInternet Outgrowth of ARPANETOutgrowth of ARPANET

Connect researchers Connect researchers working in the defense working in the defense industryindustry

T1 LinesT1 Lines group of 24 voice grade group of 24 voice grade

lineslines analog messagesanalog messages 1.544 mbps1.544 mbps T2 through T4 linesT2 through T4 lines

T-Carrier BandwithsT-Carrier Bandwiths

T1 - 1.544 mbpsT1 - 1.544 mbps 24 voice circuits (vc)24 voice circuits (vc)

T2 - 6.312 mbps; 96 vcT2 - 6.312 mbps; 96 vc T3 - 44.736 mbps; 672 vcT3 - 44.736 mbps; 672 vc T4 - 139.264 mbps; 4032 vcT4 - 139.264 mbps; 4032 vc T5 - ????T5 - ????

Open SystemsOpen Systems

Standardized interfaces thatStandardized interfaces thatallow products to interoperateallow products to interoperateacross multivendor systemsacross multivendor systems

Open System Open System Interconnection (Interconnection (OSI)OSI) International standardInternational standard Seven layersSeven layers Standards for each layerStandards for each layer

Surround Development Surround Development TacticTactic

A

BC

UNIX

UNIX

Distributed SystemsDistributed SystemsEnterprise-wide networkEnterprise-wide networkof systems that use productsof systems that use productsfrom multiple vendorsfrom multiple vendors

Should You Distribute?Should You Distribute? Wetherbe’s three questionsWetherbe’s three questions Are operations Are operations

interdependent?interdependent? does one operation need does one operation need

to know what another to know what another operation is doing?operation is doing?

Walmart?Walmart?

Should You Distribute?Should You Distribute? Are businesses really Are businesses really

homogeneous?homogeneous? Fast Food franchises Fast Food franchises

have same processeshave same processes Need to know what others are doing?Need to know what others are doing? Are Depart Store franchises same?Are Depart Store franchises same?

Does corporate culture support Does corporate culture support decentralization?decentralization? Aerospace Industry Aerospace Industry

Creating Overall Creating Overall ArchitectureArchitecture Factors to consider:Factors to consider:

Firm’s policy on Firm’s policy on decentralizationdecentralization

Current computing Current computing environmentenvironment

Policy on standardsPolicy on standards more tendency to standardsmore tendency to standards cleaner overall architecturecleaner overall architecture

Overall ArchitectureOverall Architecture Factors (Factors (contcont.).)

How will it serve the How will it serve the business?business? follow business and follow business and

IT plans IT plans Law of the HammerLaw of the Hammer

Desired level of computing Desired level of computing

Level of ComputingLevel of Computing CorporateCorporate Region, country, divisionRegion, country, division SiteSite DepartmentDepartment Work groupWork group IndividualIndividual

WAN

MAN

LAN

Packard BellPackard Bell DistributedDistributed

interdependenceinterdependence homogeneityhomogeneity cultureculture

FDDI Ring Topology linking FDDI Ring Topology linking mainframes, servers and PCsmainframes, servers and PCs

PCs have standard software PCs have standard software package (e.g., Office)package (e.g., Office)

Distributed databaseDistributed database

Remote Remote Access Access ServerServer

Remote Remote Access Access ServerServer

12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems

Dial- up Dial- up Client Client

Dial- up Dial- up Client Client

Cisco Cisco RoutersRouters

Cisco Cisco RoutersRouters

SQLSQL Server ServerSQLSQL Server Server

Backup Backup ServerServer

Backup Backup ServerServer

MailMailServerServerMailMailServerServer

MainframeMainframeMainframeMainframe

Campus FDDI RingsCampus FDDI Rings

Campus FDDI RingsCampus FDDI Rings

Wide Area LinkWide Area LinkWide Area LinkWide Area Link

PrintersPrintersPrintersPrinters

12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems12 Modems

Application Application ServerServer

Application Application ServerServerClientClientClientClient

Fax Fax ServerServerFax Fax ServerServer

USCS NetworkUSCS Network

IBS, IBS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova

IBS, IBS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova

USCS, USCS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova

USCS, USCS, Rancho Rancho CordovaCordova

CableData, CableData, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills

CableData, CableData, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills

IBS, IBS, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills

IBS, IBS, El Dorado El Dorado HillsHills

OC-3 Sonet Ring OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth155mb BandwidthOC-3 Sonet Ring OC-3 Sonet Ring 155mb Bandwidth155mb Bandwidth 128K128K

Frame Frame RelayRelay

128K128KFrame Frame RelayRelay

256K 256K Frame Frame RelayRelay

256K 256K Frame Frame RelayRelay

Virtual Virtual Private Private

Network Network via Internetvia Internet

Virtual Virtual Private Private

Network Network via Internetvia Internet

CableData CableData MichiganMichiganCableData CableData MichiganMichigan

CableData CableData ArkansasArkansasCableData CableData ArkansasArkansas

CableData CableData AtlantaAtlantaCableData CableData AtlantaAtlanta

CableData CableData UKUKCableData CableData UKUK

USCS Enterprise USCS Enterprise Application ArchitectureApplication Architecture

Oracle Oracle Financials Financials

Release 10.7Release 10.7

Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS

IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000

Peoplesoft Peoplesoft HRMS HRMS

Release 6Release 6

Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS

IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000

ALEXIS ALEXIS Customer Customer

Mgmt Mgmt (Internal App)(Internal App)

Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS

IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000

Corporate Corporate Data Data

Warehouse Warehouse (DSS)*(DSS)*

Oracle 7 Oracle 7 RDBMSRDBMS

IBM IBM RS/6000RS/6000

Typical PC Client running Windows 95Typical PC Client running Windows 9510mb Ethernet Network for Servers10mb Ethernet Network for Servers

DiscussionDiscussion What are some of the What are some of the

problems with connecting problems with connecting ““islands of technologyislands of technology??

How does one go about How does one go about doing that?doing that?

Where is connectivity going Where is connectivity going in business and the public in business and the public sectorsector

DiscussionDiscussionScott Langdoc,Scott Langdoc,Vice President and Vice President and

Chief Information OfficerChief Information OfficerRaleys Food StoresRaleys Food Stores

Points to RememberPoints to Remember Basic ConceptsBasic Concepts

DefinitionsDefinitions Delivery SystemsDelivery Systems Open SystemsOpen Systems Distributed SystemsDistributed Systems Creating the architectureCreating the architecture