synthesis, reflections on day one and on moving forward
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8/3/2019 Synthesis, Reflections on Day One and on Moving Forward
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Robert T. Pennock
Lyman Briggs CollegeDept. of PhilosophyDept of Computer Science
Ecology, Evolutionary Bio. & BehaviorBEACON Center for the Study of Evolution in Action
Michigan State University
Thinking Evolutionarily
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Shadowen’sobjection was that
there was no
mention of the
biblical account of
creation that is in
Genesis.
“We’re not going toteach one theory
and not teach
another theory…”
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BEACONAn NSF Center for the Study ofEvolution in Action
“Teach the Controversy”
!Michigan HB 5251
–(A) Use the scientific method to critically evaluatescientific theories including, but not limited to, thetheories of global warming and evolution.
– (B) Use relevant scientific data to assess the validity of
those theories and to formulate arguments for andagainst those theories.
!Rep. John “Moolenaar said that [this language]does not require the teaching of intelligent design,
but that such a decision would be up to localschool boards.”
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BEACONAn NSF Center for the Study ofEvolution in Action
“Teach the Controversy”?
!
“…ID’s backers have sought to avoid thescientific scrutiny which we have now
determined that it cannot withstand by
advocating that the controversy, but not IDitself, should be taught in science class. This
tactic is at best disingenuous, and at worst a
canard.”
- Kitzmiller et al v. Dover Area School Board
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BEACONAn NSF Center for the Study ofEvolution in Action
Texas Board of Ed (2009)
–“!strengths andweaknesses!”
•Creationist proposal to require students to
analyze and evaluate: BoardVotes
• “…evidence supportive and notsupportive of a theory.”
• “… the sufficiency or insufficiency
of common ancestry to explain thesudden appearance, stasis and
sequential nature of groups in the
fossil record."
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Language MattersFraming
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Dover PA evolution
disclaimer• Because Darwin’s Theory is a theory , it continues to
be tested as new evidence is discovered.The Theory isnot a fact.!Gaps in the Theory exist for which there isno evidence. A theory is defined as a well-tested explanation that unifies a broad range of observations.Intelligent Design is an explanation of the origin of
life that differs from Darwin’s view.The referencebook, Of Pandas and People , is!available for students who might be interested in gaining anunderstanding of what Intelligent Designactually !involves.
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Cobb Co., GA disclaimer
This textbook contains material onevolution. Evolution is a theory,not a fact , regarding the origin of
living things. This material should be approached with an openmind, studied carefully and
critically considered.
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Evolutionary Theory
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Evolutionary Science
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Moving fromReactive to Proactive
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U.S.A.
Acceptance
or Rejection
of Evolutionin 34
Countries
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Attitudes w/ College Education
32% of students answered “no” tothe question “Do you think that the
modern theory of evolution has avalid scientific foundation?”
40% of high school biology teachersthink “there are sufficient problemswith the theory of evolution to castdoubts on its validity”
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“How to Attack the
Problem and Win the War?”
• Answer: We must marshall the data!
• Science as Evidence-Based Persuasion
•Cart and Horse Problem
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Hearts & MindsYou Can Lead a Horse to Water,But You Cannot Make It Drink
You Can Send the Kids to College,
But You Cannot Make Them Think
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Evolution… what has it
done for us lately?!Evolutionary medicine
!Pest management
!Forensic tools
!Evolutionary computation
!Evolutionary engineering design
!and more…
Practical Results
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Evolution is science done right ,and is one of the best examples to
illustrate the nature of science.
A Model Science
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Scientific ExplanationOne explains E scientifically by showing what made it so(i.e. its cause)
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CaSE Model
C E
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CaSE Model
C EC
CProximate
Causes
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S
CaSE Model
C EC
CProximate
Causes
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CaSE Model
C E
C
C
C E
C
C
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CaSE Model
C E
C
C
C E
C
C
C E
C
C
Proximate
Causes
“Ultimate”
Causes
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Teleology vs Teleonomy
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Can’t do evolutionary
experiments in real time?Yes we can.
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• Nature (2003, Vol. 423. 8 May, pp. 139-144)Tuesday, November 1, 2011
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Avida Publications
•Adami, C., Ofria, C., and Collier, T.C. 2000. Evolution of biological
complexity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . 97:4463-4468.
• Chow, S. et al. 2004. Adaptive Radiation from ResourceCompetition in Digital Organisms. Science, 305:84-85
• Hang, D., Ofria, C., Schmidt, T., and Torng, E. 2007.The Effect of Natural Selection on Performance of Maximum Parsimony, BCM
Evolutionary Biology .• Lenski, R.E., et al. 1999. Genome complexity, robustness, and genetic
interactions in digital organisms. Nature, 400:661-664.
• Ofria, C., Adami, C., and Collier, T.C. 2003. Selective pressures ongenomes in evolution. J. Theor. Biology , 222:466-483.
•Wilke, C.O. and Adami, C. 2001. Interaction between directional
epistasis and average mutational effects. Proc. Royal Society LondonB, 268:1469.
• Yedid, G., et al 2008. Historical and contingent factors affect re-evolution of a complex feature lost during mass extinction incommunities of digital organisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
21/5:!1335-1357
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•Adami, C., Ofria, C., and Collier, T.C. 2000. Evolution of biological
complexity. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci . 97:4463-4468.
• Chow, S. et al. 2004. Adaptive Radiation from ResourceCompetition in Digital Organisms. Science, 305:84-85
• Hang, D., Ofria, C., Schmidt, T., and Torng, E. 2007. The Effect of Natural Selection on Performance of Maximum Parsimony, BCM
Evolutionary Biology .• Lenski, R.E., et al. 1999. Genome complexity, robustness, and genetic
interactions in digital organisms. Nature, 400:661-664.
• Ofria, C., Adami, C., and Collier, T.C. 2003. Selective pressures ongenomes in evolution. J. Theor. Biology , 222:466-483.
•Wilke, C.O. and Adami, C. 2001. Interaction between directional
epistasis and average mutational effects. Proc. Royal Society LondonB, 268:1469.
• Yedid, G., et al 2008. Historical and contingent factors affect re-evolution of a complex feature lost during mass extinction incommunities of digital organisms. Journal of Evolutionary Biology
21/5:!1335-1357
Avida Publications
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Other Avida Research• Evolution of altruism
• Evolution of intelligent behavior
• Evolution of parasites and disease
• Evolution of sex
• Effects of extinction events on evolution
• Selective pressures in evolution
• Origins of gene modularity
•Roles of chance and history in evolution
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Technology for
Teaching Evolution and
the Nature of Science
using Digital Organisms
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Avida-ED's Digital Petri Dish
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The Genome of an Avidian
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An Avidian Replicates
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BEACON CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION IN ACTION
TTGT T TCGCTACTGC CGTGCAACAA A AG A TG AACA G AGCGATGACG GCACGTTGTT T TC A T AC
BEACON CENTER FOR THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION IN ACTION
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BEACON C E N T E R F O R T H E S T U D Y O F
BEACON aims to illuminate and harness the power of
evolution in action to advance science and technology
for the benefit of society.
BEACON is just getting started. In the years ahead,
groundbreaking BEACON research will be profiled in exhibits
and other educational programs for children and adults.
Stories will explore evolution at the genetic level, atthe level of the individual organism (the microbe,
plant, or animal), and at the community level
(organisms interacting together).
We will look at evolution happening in computers . . .
see robots that incorporate evolutionary principles . . .
. . . to learn how t his research
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BEACON studies the impacts and industrial applications of
evolution as it happens — now and in the future.
BEACON unites biologists, computer scientists, and engineers
from five universities — each bringing their unique
perspectives and approaches — to work together in
studyingnatural and digital evolutionary processes.
Evolution in natureEvolution is observable in the genetic code
of natural organisms — plants, animals, and
microbes — such as in the two different strains
of bacteria growing in this petri dish.
Evolutionin digitalenvironments
Evolution is also observable in the
software code of artificial organisms
that can mutate, self-replicate,
and compete in a computer — such
as in the population of “Avidians”
seen on this computer screen.
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Evolution is also obse
BEACONCENTER FOR THE STUDY OF EVOLUTION IN ACTION
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evolution
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evolution
works!Evolution can result in elegant
designs — in nature and indigital environments.
Evolution can also help us
solve complex engineering
problems, resulting in . . .
Safer cars.A car chassis buffers the impact a driver experiences during
a front end collision. Dr. Ron Averill and BEACON
researcher Erik Goodman used evolutionary
computation to design the forward
part of a car chassis that is
lightweight but provides excellent
crash protection!
Smarter robots.Computers can evolve robots with more complex, flexible
behaviors. BEACON researchers Drs. Xiabo Tan, Philip McKinley,
and Janette Boughman are developing robotic fish that can
form schools on their own. This cooperation will better enable
the robots to monitor underwater environments for us.
Steadierrockets.
Finless rockets have less drag
than finned designs — but are less
stable during flight. Dr. Faustino
Gomez and BEACON’s Dr. Risto
Miikkulainen used computers
to evolve a neural network
controller — an “artificial brain”
— that maintains stability of a finless
t e
isi
he
o
A car chassis u ers
a front end coll
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Want toknow more?
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http://avida-ed.msu.edu
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