supelec m2m iot course 1 - introduction - part 1/2 - 2012

FromMachine-to-Machine (M2M)

Communicationsto

Internet of Things (IoT)

Introduction to M2M/IoT

Market

Technology Roadmap& Standards

Thierry Lestable (MS’97, Ph.D’03)Technology & Innovation Manager, Sagemcom

Disclaimer

• Besides Sagemcom SAS’, many 3rd party copyrighted material is reused within thisbrief tutorial under the ‘fair use ’ approach, for sake of educational purpose only , and very limited edition .

• As a consequence, the current slide set presentation usage is restricted, and isfalling under usual copyright usage.

• Thanks for your understanding!

What are we targeting during this course?

Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communications represent technological solutions and deployments allowing Machines, Devices or Objects to communicate with each other, w/o any human interventions.

The M2M market generated by usages, applications and services is promised to experience an annual growth of 49%, reaching more than 220billions euros in the coming years. This represents one of the most attractive emerging market, with applications such as Fleet Management, Smart Metering, eHealth, and many others facilitating daily life of the citizens, whilst truly transforming our usages in the coming years.

Due to this massive potential both in terms of business and transforming usages, many governments, governance bodies and thus standards are currently preparing the adequate frameworks from legal, technological and services point of view.

During this brand new course, we’ll thus dig into this M2M arena, in order to understand firstthe wide variety of usages & services potentially offered, together with the technologies available (Wireless, Wireline, IP, Security…), and how they cooperate with each other, whilst key features of M2M will be identified. Particular attention will be paid to IP.

Finally, since Interoperability is the keystone of M2M, we’ll review the state-of-Art (SoA) of the whole M2M ecosystem, including worldwide standards (3GPP, ETSI M2M, IEEE 802.16, IETF…) and industry forums currently trying to push for both solutions and usages.

Outline of whole course

Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendationsDigital Agenda for EuropeGovernance recommendations: Mandates from European CommissionPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future InternetDigital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)

Technology Roadmap and StandardsIETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN)ETSI: TC M2M, ITS3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & BeyondSmart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELECIEEE P1901DSL Forum

Key functionalitiesSecurity, privacy, trustDevice management: protocols, Firmware Over The Air (FOTA), remote diagnostic, self-discovery, scalabilityUbiquitous connectivity, interoperabilityEnergy efficiencyOverview of microcontrollers and embedded OS.Context awareness and monitoringIdentification, naming and addressing: fundamental concepts of IP routing and addressing

Keystone Technologies & M2M ArchitectureM2M Architecture(s): Vertical Markets & generic approach, economy of scale & InteroperabilityWireless M2M: Cellular (2G, 3G, LTE, WiMAX), Shortrange (WiFi, ZigBee, BT, RFID, Z-wave, etc…)Wireline M2M (PLC,…)IP M2M: IP-to-the-sensor (constrained IP stacks), autoconfiguration algorithms, M2M networks connected to Internet

Introduction to M2M marketIndustrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, ProductsTrends and achievable market

Outline of course#1

Conclusions: Research priorities & recommendationsDigital Agenda for EuropeGovernance recommendations: Mandates from European CommissionPublic-Private Partnerships (PPP) for the Future InternetDigital Economy support in France (e.g. Grand Emprunt)

Technology Roadmap and StandardsIETF (ROLL, 6LowPAN)ETSI: TC M2M, ITS3GPP: Machine Type Communications (MTC) with LTE Rel.10 & BeyondSmart Grids: NIST architecture, IEEE P2030, Gridman, DLMS, CEN-CENELECIEEE P1901DSL Forum

Introduction to M2M marketIndustrial Landscape: value chain, new applications & usages, ProductsTrends and achievable market

ECOSYSTEM

Strategy & Perspectives

Market opportunities

From Vertical ‘niche’ markets to Outstanding opportunities…

Mobile Broadband (MBB) Experience

= 24 x= 24 x= 122 x= 122 x = 515 x= 515 x

Source: CISCO VNI Mobile 2011

Connected Life: Home, on-the-move, Work

Traffic Generated

Smart CityWhat we are looking for….ultimately…

Whilst avoiding ‘Big Brother’ & maintaining ‘Privacy’…

Yesterday: People Connecting to People

Presented by Interdigital: Globecom’11 – IWM2M, Houston

Today: People Connecting to Things

Tomorrow: Network of Networks, Internet of Things (IoT)

Non-exhaustive list of M2M applications & services

� Car Telematic� Fleet Management� Parking & Traffic Management in urban areas� Positioning Systems � Smart Metering� POS-Terminal� Security� Remote Monitoring of Green Energy power plants� Remote Management of Assets & Products� Environmental monitoring & ICT support to a sustainable economic

growth� eHealth• Etc…

Growth Opportunitites

Growth of Internet « Connections »:• 2005-2008: Fixed-Mobile

Convergence (FMC)• 2008-2012: M2M

Communications

200,000

400,000

600,000

800,000

1,000,000

1,200,000

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

Computers

IndustrialAutomobile

Mobile

Entertainment

Global M2M Eco-system revenues

15202530

354045

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

Strategy Analytics – March 2006

Hardware

Software

Services

Transport

Traffic

Market Evolution

SIM Cards for M2M (Europe)

2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013

POS terminals

Security alarms

Energy meters

Commercial vehicles

Private vehicles

Berg insights – The European Wireless M2M market - 2008

Cellular M2M Communications (GSM/GPRS/EDGE &

WCDMA/HSPA)ZigBee Chipset Shipment Forecast by Application

Segment

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010

Home automation

Home networking

Industrial automation

Utilities

Building automation

Short Range M2M Communications (WiFi, Zigbee, Bluetooth, RFID)

West - WIRELESS SENSOR AND M2M MARKETS - 2005

Combination of both are necessaryfor economically viable solutions,

within a Market worth 40Bn$

Main trends and drivers The dramatic growth of mobile data traffic

Source: OfcomSource: AT&T

Mobile data traffic evolution (TB per million inhabitants per

month) in some European countries

Source: ECC PT1Source: Sandvine

UK mobile data traffic growth AT&T traffic evolution

Daily traffic consumption in Europe

Source:IDATE

Mobile traffic forecasts 2010-2020: Worlwide

•As a conclusion, total worldwide mobile traffic will reach more than 127 EB in 2020, representing an 33 times increase compared with 2010 figure .

Total mobile traffic (EB per year)

100.00

120.00

140.00

2010 2015 2020

rly tr

B Europe

Americas

Rest of the world

Source: IDATE

Total mobile traffic

Wireless M2M: 4 pillars

M2M Deployment Challenges

Source: Yankee group, 2008

Need for OPEN Standards, Open API & SDK, industry gro ups, Incentive Regulation and Governance

A Bright Future for M2M & IoT

Connected Devices: Services

LTE Ecosystem is maturing fast!

+ USB Dongles + Netbooks, etc…

Smart Phones

M-Tablets

DSL-Routers

M2M Cellular: Vertical MarketGrowth

New M2M Value Chain: Stakeholders opportunities & roles

M2M ecosystem

M2M: Paving the way towards IoT

M2M Market:Maturity assessment

Source: ORANGE

Carriers co-operations with M2M players

Miniaturization towards the IoT

Numberof Devices

Cost & Size

Smaller Cost, Size & Consumption

Sagemcom Modules

POS TerminalsSmart Metering

Security & Alarm

Remote monitoring

Automotive

Sagemcom products

Broadband & Residential TerminalsResidential TerminalsBroadband TerminalsConnected screens

Printing TerminalsProfessional Terminals and SystemsConsumer FaxImaging

Energy & TelecomSystems & NetworksM2M CommunicationsPartnershipsEnergy management

Digital TV Set-Top Box

Internet of Things(IoT)

Smart World: IPSO vision

IoT & Future Internet

Ambient IntelligenceActive & SensitiveSystems

IoT, Technology Roadmap

Connected objects: Segmentation map

Internet of Things

Ubiquitous intelligent devicesAmbient and Assisted Living (AAL)

–eHealth–Intelligent Home–Transportation

ApplicationsThings on the moveRetailBar code replacement by RFID TagLogisticPharmaceuticalFood

Society , –People, Security & Privacy

BarriersLack of GovernancePrivacy & Security

EnablersEnergyIntelligenceCommunicationIntegrationInteroperabilityStandardsManufacturing

IoT: Food Traceability

IoT: Drug Traceability

IoT Key Enablers

RFID Communication platform

RFID: Basics

3 RFID Tags categories

BAP = Battery Assist Passive

(1) (2) (3)

RFID passive Tags:function Vs Frequency

IoT: Identity InteroperabilityChallenges

Id Tag examples

• 2D bar codes examples

• 1D (linear) bar code

Id Tag B2C scenario example

RFID � NFC

NFC use cases

NFC: 3 operating modes

Universal Mobile Wallet

IoT, European Commission

• Need for Governance Actions– Privacy & protection of personnal Data– Trust, Acceptance & Security– Standardization

Internet of Things

Internet of Things for People

Privacy Protection: 4 facets

IoT: Privacy act (US)

Notice

Labeling Deactivation

Privacy

Standardization efforts&

Architecture

Towards Global International M2M Partnership Project?… (M2MPP)

Standard « strategy »…

..Make it (really!) useful…

High Level (simplified) M2M Architecture

M2MGateway

ClientApplication

Operatorplatform

Capillary Network

Network of Networks, Internet of Things(IoT)

IoT & Cloud Computing

M2M Ecosystem’s Jungle

3GPP Structure

3GPP Liaisons

ETSI TC M2M links with other ETSI TCs

CapillaryAccess Networks

Application

Service Platform

IP Network

Wide Area Network

M2M Gateway

wireless

wireline

ETSI TISPAN

ETSI ITS

ETSI ERM

ETSI ATTM

ETSI PLT

ETSI DECT

ETSI e-Health

ETSI SCPETSI RRS

ETSI M2M Links with ecosystem

CapillaryAccess networks

Application

Service Platform

IP Network

Wide Area Network

M2M Gateway

wireless

wireline

IPSOIPV6

Hardware and Protocols

ZigBee Alliance.ZB Application Profiles 3GPP

SA1, SA3, ,…

IETF 6LowPANPhy-Mac Over IPV6

OMA GSMASCAG,…

IETF ROLLRouting over Low Power

Lossy Networks

IUT-TNGN CENELEC

Smart MeteringCEN

Smart Metering

ISO/IEC JTC1UWSN

IEEE802.xx.x

ESMIGMetering

HGIHome Gateway

Initiative

EPCGlobalGS1

UtilitiesMetering

W-Mbus

ETSI TC M2M

Stage 3Stage 3

Stage 2Stage 2

Stage 1Stage 1

TR 102 692Smart

Metering

TR 102 692Smart

Metering

TS 102 689M2M Service Requirements

TR 102 732eHealth

TR 102 897City

automation

TR 102 897City

automation

TR 102 898Automotive TR 102 898Automotive

Use Cases

TS 102 690M2M Functional

Architecture

TS 102 690M2M Functional

Architecture

TS 102 921M2M Communications;

mIa, dIa and mId interfaces

TS 102 921M2M Communications;

mIa, dIa and mId interfaces

TR 1xx xxxInterworking

with M2M Area Networks

TR 1xx xxxInterworking

with M2M Area Networks

TR 102 935Smart Grid impacts on

TR 102 725M2M

Definitions

TR 102 725M2M

Definitions

TR 102 167Threat analysis and counter measures

to M2M service layer

TR 102 167Threat analysis and counter measures

to M2M service layer

TR 101 531Re-use of 3GPP

nodes by M2MSC layer

TR 101 531Re-use of 3GPP

nodes by M2MSC layer

TR 102 857Connected consumer

PUBLISHEDPUBLISHED

GSC M2M Standardization Task Force

Source: Numerex

Telecommunications TechnologyAssociation – TTA (Korea)

Association of Radio Industries & Business - ARIB

Telecom Industry Association– TIA (USA)

China Communications Standards Association - CCSA

Global ICT Standardization Forum for India - GISFI

GSMA- Smart Card Application Group

(SCAG)- Embedded SIM Task Force

- Updated remotely with operators credentials(even after sale)

- Secure re-provisioning of alternative operators

Liaison withETSI Smart Card Platform (SCP)

Then to 3GPP CT6

M2M Standards Landscape

Capillary

Taxonomy M2M Standard activities

Goals for a Global Initiative

for M2M Standardization (M2M Partnership Project)� Develop one globally agreed M2M Service Layer

specification

� Consolidate current M2M Service Layer standards

activities into the Global Initiative

� Identify a common Service Layer architecture and

identify gaps where existing standards do not fulfill the requirements and provide or initiate the creation

of specifications to fill these gaps

� Develop and maintain Technical Specifications and

Technical Reports in support of the M2M common Service Layer architecture framework

� Collaborate with wireless and wireline SDOs and fora

responsible for developing standards for Core and Access Networks

� Collaborate with SDOs and fora in charge of developing the vertical markets (i.e., domain-specific)

aspects of M2M applications

� Develop specifications that will help drive the industry

towards a goal of lower operating expenses, lower capital expenses, faster time-to-market, and mass-market economies of scale

Source: Final Draft updated during Plenary Telecon #1 to discuss Ad Hoc Group input - Updated 19 October, 2011

Open Issues

• E2E Architecture• Governance, naming, identity, interfaces• Service openness, interoperability• Spectrum (Wireless)• Standards

Capillary Network & Wireless Sensors Network

(WSN)Key Technologies

From proprietary solutions towards IP smart objects…

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) evolution

ScalabilityPrice

Cabling

Cables

Proprietaryradio + network

20001980s 2006

Vendorlock-in

IncreasedProductivity

ZigBee

Complex middleware

6lowpanInternet

Open developmentand portability

Z-Wave, prop. ISM etc.

ZigBee andWHART

Any vendor6lowpanISA100

2008 ->

Konnex (KNX)

• Worldwide Home & building Automation

European Installation Bus (EIB) isan European Std (ISO), created in 1987.It is thus Open Std.

• International Std: ISO/IEC 14543-3• European Std:

• CENELEC EN50090• CEN EN 13321-1 / 13321-2

• Chinese Std: GB/Z 20965• US Std: ANSI/ASHRAE 135

KNX: The EIB Bus

• EIB Bus system principleMedium Transmission:-Twisted Pair (TP)-Powerline (PL)-RF

ISA 100: Industrial AutomationISA: International Society for AutomationISA100.11a Wireless is based on

IEEE 802.15.4 (WPAN) & IETF 6LoWPAN

802.15.4-2006 2.4 GHz used as in standardExcept: carrier sensing is optional

802.15.4-2006 MAC sub-layer used as in the standardISA100.11a adds MAC features on-top of this

Channel hoppingSlotted hopping and slow hopping

Time coordinationNo MAC retransmissionsNo 802.15.4 beacon mode features used

WirelessHART

Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011

WirelessHART

Source: Ron Helson, GSC MSTF - 2011

Bluetooth

scatternet

bridge

Star Topology

Piconet (up to 7 active Devices) (Master in one piconet can bea slave in another)

2.4 GHz ISM band

1998 - BT technology is officially introduced and the Bluetooth SIG is formed. Bluetooth technology's intended basic purpose is to be a wire replacement 1999 - Bluetooth 1.0 Specification is introduced.2003 - announcement of Version 2.1.2004 - v 2.0 + EDR (Enhanced Data Rate) is introduced.2005 - v 2.0 + EDR begin to hit the market in late 2005.2007 - v 2.1 + EDR is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.2009 - v 3.0 + HS (High Speed) is adopted by the Bluetooth SIG.

Wi-Fi as alternate PHY/MAC2010 – v4.0: WiBree (Ultra Low Power) integrated into Bluetooth,

as Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE)

Up to 7 controllers

Max RangeClass (m) dBm mW

1 100 20 1002 10 4 2,53 1 0 1

Max Power

BT version Throughput (Mbps)v1.2 1v2.0+EDR 3v3.0 + HS 24

79 x 1MHz channels

Zigbee

Data rates of 250 kbps, 40 kbps, and 20 kbps . Two addressing modes; 16-bit short and 64-bit IEEE addressing . Support for critical latency devices, such as joysticks. CSMA-CA channel access. Automatic network establishment by the coordinator. Fully handshaked protocol for transfer reliability. Power management to ensure low power consumption . 16 channels in the 2.4GHz ISM band, 10 channels in the 915MHz I

and one channel in the 868MHz band.

IEEE 802.15.4 features

IP for Smart Object (IPSO) Alliance

• Support Activities– IETF 6LoWPAN– IETF ROLL– ISA100– IEEE

• Activities– Interoperability Tests

(IOT)– Architecture Design– Technology Proof of

Concepts (PoC)– White Papers– Tutorials/Dissemination

IETF 6LoWPANIPv6 over Low-power WPAN

• IETF RFC 4919, 4944• 6LoWPAN is an ADAPTATION

Header Format!

• 16/64 bit IEEE 802.15.4 addressing

• Efficient header compression– IPv6 base and extension headers,

UDP header• Network autoconfiguration using

neighbor discovery• Unicast, multicast and broadcast

support– Multicast is compressed and

mapped to broadcast• Fragmentation

– 1280 byte IPv6 MTU -> 127 byte 802.15.4 frames

• Support for IP routing (e.g. IETF RPL)

• Support for use of link-layer mesh (e.g. 802.15.5)

IPv6-LoWPAN Router Stack

IETF ROLLRouting Over Low-power and Lossy networks

• Standardizing a routing algorithm for embedded apps• Application specific requirements

– Home automation– Commercial building automation– Industrial automation– Urban environments

• Analyzed all existing protocols• Solution must work over IPv6 and 6LoWPAN• Routing Protocol in-progress called RPL “Ripple”

– Proactive distance-vector approach– See draft-ietf-roll-rpl for detailed information

Contiki – uIPv6 stack

• Open source• Small footprint

– Code size ~ 11.5Kb– RAM usage ~ 1.8Kb– Fit on most constraint

Sensors platforms

• Certified– IPv6 Phase 1– � interoperable with

stacks from all othercertified vendors

• uIPv6 Design

• IPv6 Specs (RFC2460)• IPv6 Addressing (RFC4291)• Neighbor Discovery (RFC 4861)• Stateless Address Config

(RFC4862)• ICMPv6 (RFC4443)

Berkeley initiative

• http://openwsn.berkeley.edu/

• http://wsn.eecs.berkeley.edu/connectivity/

Open source implementations + Connectivity data repositary & IETF ROLL/RPL test

http://www-bsac.eecs.berkeley.edu/

WAN – Cellular Systems

3GPP LTE & WiMAX

Wireless Broadband Systems mapping

LTE Parallel evolution path to 3G

DL: 21Mbps (64QAM)DL: 28Mbps

[2x2 MIMO & 16QAM]

DC-HSPA + 64QAM2x2 MIMO & 64QAM

Main benefits from LTE

• Full Packet Switched (PS) � no MSC• no RNC• Self-Organizing Networks (SON)

• DL: 150Mbps / UL: 50Mbps (2x2 MIMO)• BW up to 20MHz• Default Bearer & QoS

• BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20MHz• new Bands: 2.6GHz, 700/800 MHz (Digital Dividend)

• CSFB, SRVCC• Hotspot Offload

• Mobility up to 350Km/h• Latency < 5ms • QoS & IMS | ICIC

• GSMA (VoLTE), LSTI, NGMN, GCF, Femto Forum

LTE Rel.8/9: Bandwidth & Duplexing modes

And HALF-DUPLEX!!!

Investing in LTE: 237 Operators in 85 Countries

26 Commercial LTE NW launched161 LTE User Devices

(July 2011)

174 Commercial LTE Commitments in 64 countries63 additional pre-commitment trials

93 LTE Networks are anticipated to be in Commercial service by end of 2012!

Worldwide Mobile Broadband SpectrumFDD: 2x35MHzFDD: 2x70MHz

TDD: 50MHz

VerizonAT&TmetroPCS

NTT DoCoMo

TeliaSoneraVodafoneO2…

Refarming and Extensions are still to come…

FDD Hong-Kong

China MobileGenius BrandCSL Ltd…

Digital Dividend

Major TD-LTE Market(incl. India)

Fragmentation & Harmonization of Spectrum is a critical problem!

LTE Roll-out Worldwide Vs Spectrum Band fragmentation

Source:Huawei

TD-LTE is gaining momentum

TD-LTE is becoming a Technology of Highest interest for Operators & Vendors

Strong Ecosystem growing fast…

Global UMTS Subscriber GrowthForecast

HSPA+ will still play an active roleIn near future, both as migrationand complementary to LTE.

3G will keep playing a Key roleIn Future!

�� Multi-Radio chips (2G/3G/LTE)

VoLTE (GSMA IR.92) Timeline

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverageand boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »

Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009

Early Adopters

2011: TRIALS

2012: COMMERCIAL

General Market

2011: CSFB

2012: TRIALS

2013: COMMERCIAL

craftrevolution

« The need for 4G picocells and femtocells to enhance coverageand boost capacity if one of the important principles for Verizon’s LTE Network. »

Tony Melone – Verizon Wireless CTO – Sept. 2009

3GPP LTE System architectureIMS: IP Multimedia SubsystemPCRF: Policy, Charging Resource FunctionUE: User EquipmentMME: Mobility Management EntityS-GW: Serving GatewayP-GW: Packet GatewayHSS: Home Subcriber ServerEPC: Evolved Packet CoreEPS: Evolved Packet System = EPC + E-UTRANE-UTRAN: Evolved UTRANPMIP: Proxy Mobile IP

LTE – Rel.8

LTE Femtocells

Femtocell Ecosystem: 62 Operators

Femto Forum – 62 Operators members

Femtocell Ecosystem: 74 Technology providers

The Ecosystem is now mature enough, and has experienced its 2nd IOT Plugfest.

Femto Access Points Femto Core Network

End to End Solutions

Components & Software Others

Femtocell Market status

19 Commercial Deployments in 13 countries,15 Roll-out commitments in 2011

2 S1 S

LTE Femto: HeNB

3GPP Rel.10

LTE Femtocell: Home eNode B (HeNB) �3 Options!

[1] [2]

HeNB OAM process(Mgt System)

Residential Macro Data Offload

Offload via WiFi and/or Femtocell

On average, more than 70% of traffic can still be Offloaded !

Key FindingsGlobal Femtocell Survey

6,100 consumers in 6 countries6,100 consumers in 6 countries

LTE Self-OrganizingNetworks (SON)

LTE Self-Organizing Network (SON) features

S1/X2 configuration

SON progress status w.r.t3GPP Releases 8, 9, and 10

SON Concepts & Requirements

Self-Establishment of eNBs

SON Automatic Neighbour Relation (ANR) list Mgt

3GPP Rel.8

Study on SON related OAM interfaces for HNB

Study on Self-Healing of SON

SON – OAM Aspects

- SON Self-Optimization Mgt

- Automatic Radio Network Configuration Data preparation

3GPP Rel.9

SON – OAM Aspects

- SON Self-Optimization Mgt Continuation

- SON Self-Healing Mgt

- OAM aspects of Energy saving in Radio Networks

LTE SON Enhancements

3GPP Rel.10

Support for Self-Configuration & Self-Optimization

• Self-Configuration Process– Basic Set-up

– Automatic Registration of nodes in the system

– Initial Radio Configuration

• Self-Optimization Process– Ue & eNB measurements

and performance measurements are used to auto-tune the network

LTE-Advanced

LTE-Advanced (Rel.10) and Beyond (Rel.11)

Rel.11

LTE-Advanced: System Performance Requirements

� Support of Wider Bandwidth� Carrier Aggregation up to 100MHz

� MIMO Techniques extension� DL: up to 8 layers

� UL: up to 4 layers

� Coordinated Multiple Point (CoMP)(Rel.11)

� Relaying� L1 & L3 relaying Uu

LTE-AdvancedArchitecture & Services

Enhancements• LIPA

• SIPTO• IFOM• Relaying• MTC (M2M)

LTE-Advanced: Local IP Access (LIPA)

LIPA: initial solutions in competition

LIPA solution for HeNB usingLocal PDN Connection

L - GW S10

E-UTRA UE

S1-MME S11

E- UTRA-Uu

S1-U S5 HeNB SGW

E-UTRAN network elements EPC network elements

Local IP access network elements

Other IMS

Internet Etc. SGi

PDN GW

Packet data network (e.g. Internet, Intranet, intra-operator IMS provisioning)

LIPA solution for HeNB usingLocal PDN Connection

3GPP Current conclusions on LIPA

LTE-Advanced: Selected IP Traffic Offload (SIPTO)

RAN L-PGW

P-GW S-GW

CN Traffic

S1-U S11 S5

SIPTO Traffic

LTE-Advanced: IP Flow Mobilityand Seamless Offload (IFOM)

• IP Flow Mobility and Seamless Offload(IFOM) is used to carry (simultaneously) some of UE’s traffic over WIFI to offloadFemto Access!

IETF RFC-5555, DSMIPv6

LTE-Advanced: Relaying and itspotential gain

LTE-Advanced: Relay support

MME / S-GW MME / S-GW

E-UTRAN

Machine-Type Communications (MTC) in 3GPP

MTC Scenarios

• MTC Device � MTC server • MTC Device <--> MTC Device

(No Server in between!)

APIOperator domain

APIMTC Server

MTC User

MTC Device

Operator domain

MTC Device

MTC Server/ MTC User

MTC Device

Operator domain A Operator domain BMTC

DeviceMTC

Device

Still Not Considered in Rel.10!!

3GPP MTC (High Level) Architecture

3GPP bearer services / SMS / IMS

MTC Server

MTCsms

3GPP PLMN - MTC Server IWK Function

MTCu MTC Device

MTCu: It provides MTC Devices access to 3GPP network for the transport of user plane and control plane traffic. MTCu interface could be based on Uu, Um, Ww and LTE-Uu interface.

MTCi: It is the reference point that MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP bearer services/IMS. MTCi could be based on Gi, Sgi, and Wi interface.

MTCsms: It is the reference point MTC Server uses to connect the 3GPP network and thus communicates with MTC Device via 3GPP SMS.

3GPP MTC: Service Requirements

• Common Service REQ– Device Triggering– Addressing

– Identifiers– Charging– Security – Remote Device Management

• Specific Service REQ (Features)– Low Mobility– Time Controlled– Time Tolerant– PS only– Small data Trx– Mobile originated only– Infrequent mobile Terminated– Monitoring– Priority alarm– Secure Connection– Location Specific Trigger– NW provided destination for UL

data– Infrequent Trx– Group based features

Public Address Space Private Address Space

MTC Device

MNO MTC Server

3GPP MTC: Service REQ

The management of MTC Devices should be provided by existing mechanisms (e.g. OMA DM, TR-069)Remote MTC DeviceManagement

MTC optimizations shall not degrade security compared to non-MTC communicationsSecurity

Charging per MTC Device or MTC Group.Charging

uniquely identify the ME, the MTC subscriber. Manage numbers & identifiers. Unique Group Id.Identifiers

MTC Server in a public address space can successfully send a mobile terminated message to the MTC Device inside a private IP address space

Addressing

MTC Device shall be able to receive trigger indications from the network and shall establish communication with the MTC Server when receiving the trigger indication. Possible options may include:-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is offline.-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online, but has no data connection established.-Receiving trigger indication when the MTC Device is online and has a data connection established

Device Triggering

DetailsMTC Common Service REQ

3GPP MTC: Features

1 MTC device associated to 1 single MTC group. Combined QoS policy (GB policing): A maximum bit rate for the data that is sent/received by a MTC Group shall be enforcedGB addressing: mechanism to send a broadcast message to a MTC Group, e.g. to wake up the MTC Devices that are members of that MTC Group

Group Based (GB) MTC features

The network shall establish resource only when transmission occursInfrequent Transmission

MTC Applications that require all data from an MTC Device to be directed to a network provided destination IP address.

Network Provided Destination for Uplink Data

initiate a trigger to the MTC Devices based on area information provided to the network operatorLocation Specific Trigger

Secure connection between MTC Device and MTC server even during Roaming.Secure Connection

Theft, vandalism, tampering � Precedence over aby other MTC feature (MAX priority!)Priority Alarm

Detect unexpected behaviour, changes, and loss of connectivity (configurable by user) � Warning to MTC server (other actions configurable by user)

MTC Monitoring

MTC Device: mainly mobile originated communications � Reduce Mobility Management SignallingInfrequent Mobile Terminated

Reduce Frequency of Mobility Management Procedures (Signalling)Mobile originated only

The system shall support transmissions of small amounts of data with minimal network impact (e.g. signallingoverhead, network resources, delay for reallocation)

Small Data Trx

network operator shall be able to provide PS only subscriptions with or without assigning an MSISDNPacket Switched (PS) only

MTC Devices that can delay their data transfer. The purpose of this functionality is to allow the network operator to prevent MTC Devices that are Time Tolerant from accessing the network (e.g. in case of radio access network overload)

Time Tolerant

MTC Applications that can tolerate to send or receive data only during defined time intervals and avoid unnecessary signalling outside these defined time intervals. Different charging can apply.

Time Controlled

MNO change 1) Frequency of Mobility Mgt procedures, or per device, 2) Location updates performed by MTC device

Low Mobility

DetailsMTC Feature

M2M European R&D Innovation: FP7 EXALTED

• EXpAnding LTE for Devices

NGMN – LTE Backhaul

IPSec +14%

LTE Small Cells Deployment will change Rules for Backhaul Provisioning�Need for more Research

�Architecture / PHY / Synchronization (e.g. PTP (1588), SyncE, Hybrid…)

X2 ~ [ 4 - 10%] S1

Traffic Volume:

Source: Ericsson

GTP/MIP overhead ~10%

Source: Ericsson

TVWS for Backhaul

LTE in TVWS

LTE Royalty Level: Need for Patent Pool facilitation?

14.8%14.8%

LTE/SAE Declarations to ETSI by PO4076 declarations (March 2011)

Critical constraintfor Femtocells

isCOST EFFICIENCY!!

LTE & 4G patents

6000+ patents

$4.5 billion

$2.6 billion

$770 Million$340 Million

$12.5 billion

24000+ patents

WHO’s NEXT?…

Risk to ‘Kill’ the Business…Especially in Vertical Markets!

Verizon LTE Innovation Center

Office in the Box Connected Home (incl. eHealth)

Bicycle LiveEdge.TV

LTE Connected Car

WiFi – CellularConvergence

Fixed/Mobile Convergence

It’s Mandatory to propose integrated ArchitecturesTaking advantage of Wireless/Wired systems(e.g. 3G, LTE, WiFi, WiGig, DAS, RoF, PLC…)

Source: BT Wholesale

WBA – Roadmap

Small intelligent Cross-Cell (SiXC)™

Hotspot 2.0 (HS2.0) - NGH

Built directly into device

Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:Multitude of 3rd Party Connection Managers:

Source: Cisco

Enhancing WiFi to be more ‘Cellular’

WiMAX –M2M & Smart Grids

IEEE 802.16p, 802.16n

WiMAX community turns to M2M

• IEEE 802.16p– Machine-to-Machine (M2M)– Approved: Sept. 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• URL: http://ieee802.org/16/m2m/index.html

• IEEE 802.16n (GRIDMAN)– Smart Grids– Emergency, Public Safety!!

• Misleading title, stands for:– Greater Reliability In

Disrupted MetroplotianArea NW

– Approved: June 2010– Expiration: Dec. 2014

• URL: http://wirelessman.org/gridman/index.html

WiMAX based M2M Architecture

Service

Consumer

Server

Connectivity

Service Network

Access Service Network

IEEE 802.16

M2M device

IEEE 802.16

MNO (Mobile Network Operator)

IEEE 802.16

Non M2M

device

IEEE 802.16

M2M device

Non IEEE

802.16

M2M device

Classical WiMAX NW

WiMAX M2M: Requirements & Features

• Extremely Low Power Consumption• High Reliability• Enhanced Access Priority

– Alarms, Emergency calls etc…(Health, Public safety, Surveillance…)• Extremely Large Numbers of Devices• Addressing• Group Control• Security• Small burst transmission• Low/no mobility• Time Controlled Operation (pre-defined scheduling)• Time Tolerant operations• One-Way Data traffic• Extremely Low Latency (e.g. Emergency..)• Extremely Long Range Access• Infrequent traffic

Looks quite similar to 3GPP MTC…

WiMAX M2M: Potential impacts

Simplifications to Sleep/idle mode protocolInfrequent traffic

Low & roust modulation schemes, higher power transmissionExtremely Long Range access

Mobility Mgt protocol. Signaling w.r.t Handover preparation & execution migt beturned off. Idle mode. Measurements/feedback protocls, pilot structure.

Low/no mobility

New QoS profiles, burst Mgt, SMS transmission mechanism, BW request/allocation protocols, Channel Coding, frame structure. Low-overhead Ctrl signaling for Small Data. Smaller resource unit!

Small burst transmission

Group ID location, Ctrl signalling, paging, Sleep mode initiation, multi-cast operation, BW request/allocation, connection Mgt protocols

Group Control

Link Adaptation, ARQ/HARQ, frame structure, Ctrl signalling, NW entry/re-entryTransmission attemps Large Numbers of Devices

BW request protocol, NW entry/re-entry, ARQ/HARQ, frame structureEnhanced Access priority

Link Adaptation protocol with very robust MCS. Enhanced Interference Mitigation procedures. Device Collaboration with redundant and/or alternate paths (e.g. diversity)

High Reliability

Idle/Sleep modes, Power savings in active mode. Link Adaptation, UL Power Ctrl, Ctrl Signalling, Device Cooperation.

Low Power Consumption

Potential Directions with impacts on StandardM2M Requirements & Features

Keeping in Mind BACKWARD compatibility

supelec m2m iot course 1 - introduction - part 1/2 - 2012

defined time

research priorities

ip flow mobility

3gpp current

receiving

machine type

ip routing

vertical markets

Technology

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