stylized atomic structure. periodic chart of the elements

Stylized atomic structure

periodic chart of the elements

C H

Carbon Hydrogen

Na Na+

cation

Cl Cl-

anion

C H

H

H

H

CH4 - methane

4 covalent bonds

Na+ Cl-

Ionic bond

Sodium chloride

OH

H

H2O - water

Polar covalent

-

+

O

HH

O

HH

O

HH

-

+

-

+

-

+

Hydrogen bonds

CH2OH

OHOH

OH

OH

Glucose

CH2OH

OHOH

OH

CH2OH

OH OHOH

OH

OH

Glucose + glucose =

OH OH

Maltose + H2O

H-O-H

Formation of a disaccharide

A short polysaccharide

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C= O

- O-H

R - C= O

- O-H

Generalized fatty acid

R - C

= O

- O-H

R - C=

O

R - C

= O

R - C

= O

- C-H

H

H3 fatty acids glycerol

- C-H

- C-H

-O H-O-H

-O H-O-H

-O H-O-H

Triacylglycerol (triglyceride) + 3H2O

H-O-H

H-O-H

H-O-H

R - C=

O

R - C

= O

R - C

= O

- C-H

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

-O

R - C

= OR - C

= O

H – C – O – P – O-

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

= O

- O

triacylglycerol phospholipid

O

HH

-

+

C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C-C= O

- O-H

R - C=

O

R - C

= O

R - C

= O

- C-H

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

-O

R - C

= OR - C

= O

H – C – O – P – O-

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

= O

- O

triacylglycerol phospholipid

R - C

= O

R - C

= O

H – C – O – P – O-

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

= O

- Ohydrophilic

hydrophobic

R - C

= O

R - C

= O

H – C – O – P – O-

H

H

- C-H

- C-H

-O

-O

= O

- O

Hydrophilichead

Hydrophobictails

Representation of a phospholipid

water

Inside cell membrane

Outside cell membrane

Phospholipid bilayer/structure of cell membrane

H - N - C - C

= O

- O -H

H -

- R

Basic amino acid structure

Amino group Carboxyl group

H - N - C - C

= OH

-

- R

N - C - C

= O

- O -H

H -

- R

- O -H H -

H-O-H

Formation on peptide bond

Peptide bond

Amino acid Amino acid

Am

ino acid

Amino acidAmino acidAmino acid

A polypeptide

Primary structure Secondary structure -alpha helix

Tertiary structureQuaternary structure

Proteinstructure

Nucleotide structure

OC C

C C

C

Sugar(ribose ordeoxyribose)

Nitrogenousbase

P

Phosphategroup

Sugar phosphatebackbone

Nitrogenousbases

Structure of RNA

A T

C G

C G

T A

Structure of DNA

Hydrogen bonds