atomic structure & periodic table review
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Atomic Structure & Periodic Table review. 8.P.1. Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 1. Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 2. Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 3. - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Atomic Structure &
Periodic Table review
8.P.1
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Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 1
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Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 2
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Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 3
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Which of the following is the most accurate representation of an atom? 4
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• Image 3 is the answer
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Subatomic particles in an atomwhere located/charge/relative size
0+ 0 +0 +
-
- -
Charge of nucleus: +
Charge of electron cloud: --
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Subatomic particles in an atomwhere located/charge/relative size
NP N PN P
e
e e
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MASS
SPACE
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Why do we use AMU (atomic mass units) when representing the mass of an atom instead of using grams or kilograms?
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• Atoms are very small, using grams would result in a number with a scientific notation of 10-23.
• AMU is a unit used exclusively for atoms, it is much smaller than grams and therefore more useful
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Reading Periodic Table Cells
13
AlAluminum
26.98
Atomic Number Number of protons =
Number of electrons
Atomic Mass Number(this is an average of isotopes)Mass # - Atomic # = neutron #
When calculating # of neutrons, you must round the mass # to a whole number….you can’t have partial Neutrons!
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A = P = E (ATOMIC NUMBER) (PROTONS) (ELECTRONS)
M - A = N (MASS) (ATOMIC NUMBER) (NEUTRONS)
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An atom has an atomic number of:
11…..what can you infer
27…..what can you infer
87….what can you infer
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An atom has an atomic number of:11…..what can you infer
it has 11 protonsit has 11 electrons
27…..what can you inferit has 27 protonsit has 27 electrons
87….what can you inferit has 87 protonsit has 87 electrons
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An ion has an atomic number of5…..what can you infer
32…what can you infer
11…what can you infer
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An ion has an atomic number of5…..what can you infer
it has 5 protons
32…what can you inferit has 32 protons
11…what can you inferit has 11 protons
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Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral
atomsCalcium
Chlorine
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Find the number of protons, neutrons and electrons for each of the following neutral
atomsCalcium
20 protons20 electrons
40-20= 20 neutronsChlorine 17 protons 17 electrons 35-14= 18 neutrons
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Calculate the mass of the following elements
Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons
Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons
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Calculate the mass of the following elements
Element A has 12 protons, 13 neutrons & 12 electrons
12 protons + 13 neutrons = 25 mass
Element B has 9 protons, 7 neutrons & 9 electrons9 protons + 7 neutrons = 16 mass
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What are the 3 categories of elements on the periodic table?What are the properties of each?Where are they located on the periodic table?
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Metals: left side of tableShinyconductivemalleableDuctile
Metalloids: along the stairstepsProperties of metals and nonmetalsSemiconductors, used in computer industry
NonMetals: right side of tableDullInsulatorDo not conduct heat or electricitybrittle
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Periodic Table Trendsuse the second periodic table
Groups/families
Information in group:group number = number of valence e-
group members have similar properties•Find four elements with similar properties•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons
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Periodic Table Patterns
Groups/families
Information in group:group number = number of valence e-
group members have similar properties•Find four elements with similar properties•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (………….)
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Periodic Table Patterns
•Find four elements with similar propertieselements in the same column/family..H, Li, Na
•Find 2 elements with similar properties and 4 valence electrons (C, Si, Ge…..any in group `4)
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Periodic Table TrendsPeriod
Information in period:period number = number of electron energy
levels max # of electrons in each level (ring)
period 1….2 e-period 2….8 e-period 3….8 e-
Find 3 elements with 4 electron energy levelsFind 3 elements with two energy levels
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Periodic Table PatternsFind 3 elements with 4 electron energy levels
any element in the 4th period/row..K, Cl….
Find 3 elements with two energy levelsany element in the 2nd row/period..Li, Be…
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Describe the periodic table groups using the following terms: reactive, nonreactive, more stable, inert
Alkali metalHalogenNoble GasAlkaline Earth MetalTransition Metal
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Group /family characteristicsAlkali metal…..reactivereactive metals, group 1, +1 ionAlkaline earth metal…..reactivereactive metals, group 2, +2 ion
Transition metals/elements….more stable more stable metals, located at the center of the table, groups 3-12
Halogen…reactivereactive nonmetals, used in cleaning agents, group 17, -1 ionNoble Gases….nonreactive, inertnonreactive, inert, nonmetals, group 18, very stable due to complete outer electron ring, do not form ions
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Find examples of:
• Two different groups/families that are both reactive
• Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive
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Find examples of:
• Two different groups/families that are both reactive
Alkali & Alkaline Earth or Alkaline Earth & Halogen or Alkali & Halogen
• Two different groups/families that are more stable and reactive
Alkali & Transition metals or Alkaline Earth & Transition Metals or Halogen & Transition Metals
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What do Na, K and Rb have in common?
What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?
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What do Na, K and Rb have in common?They are all in the same group/family so they have similar properties and all have 1 valence electron What do Mg, P and Cl have in common?The are all in the same period/row. They are in period 3 so they have 3 electron energy levels (shells)
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Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe
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Dull, brittle and non conductive best describes which of the following: Pd, S, Mg, Fe
S (sulfur) because it is a nonmetal and those are nonmetal properties.
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Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, Zn
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Which of the following elements are very reactive: Au, Fe, Cl, ZnCl (chlorine) because it is in group 17, the Halogens. The other elements are transition metals which are more stable.
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How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?
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How are groups 1, 2 and 17 different from transition metals (groups 3-12)?1, 2 & 17 are highly reactive because they are 1 or 2 electrons away from a stable configuration (full valence ring of electrons). Groups 3-12 are transition metals and are more stable.
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Describe element properties as you move from left to right across period #.....
1
2
3
4
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Ions
• Formed by losing or gaining electrons– Metals give electrons– Nonmetals take electrons
• An atom gives/takes electrons in order to create a complete outer ring of electrons (valence)…..this makes it stable, like the noble gases.
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An ion with a charge of +2 hasLost 2 electronsGained 2 protonsGained 2 electronsLost 2 neutrons
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An ion with a charge of +2 hasLost 2 electronsGained 2 protonsGained 2 electronsLost 2 neutrons
remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONSELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.
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An ion with a charge of -3 hasLost 3 protonsLost 3 electronsGained 3 electronsGained 3 protons
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An ion with a charge of -3 hasLost 3 protonsLost 3 electronsGained 3 electronsGained 3 protons
remember, ions are ONLY CREATED BY CHANGING THE NUMBER OF ELECTRONSELECTRONS IN AN ATOM.
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Isotopes• Different forms of the SAME ELEMENT. Isotopes of
an element have different numbers of neutrons therefore they will have a different mass.
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A
B
C
D
E
F
Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings?Which element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings?Which element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron?Which element is inert?Which element has 5 electron rings?Which metal has 2 valence electrons?
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A
B
C
D
E
F
Which element is very reactive with 3 electron rings? EEWhich element is a nonmetal with 2 electron rings? F FWhich element is a very reactive metal with 1 valence electron? BBWhich element is inert? DDWhich element has 5 electron rings? CCWhich metal has 2 valence electrons? AA