stt and tropopause changes from radar windprofilers and ozonesondes david w. tarasick
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UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 11EnvironmentCanada
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STT and Tropopause Changes STT and Tropopause Changes from Radar Windprofilers and from Radar Windprofilers and
OzonesondesOzonesondes
David W. TarasickAir Quality Research Division, Air Quality Research Division, Environment Environment
CanadaCanada
W.K. Hocking (UWO)T. Carey-Smith (NIWA)
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 22EnvironmentCanada
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Walsingham
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 33EnvironmentCanada
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UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 44EnvironmentCanada
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Radar signal power from the first Montreal campaign. Solid line shows the tropopause height derived from this data.
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 55EnvironmentCanada
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UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 66EnvironmentCanada
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Ozonesonde profiles from this campaign. White solid line = radar tropopause. The dashed lines indicate times when the tropopause undergoes rapid ascent.
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 77EnvironmentCanada
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FLEXPART modeling seems to show good correspondence with apparent intrusions
Driven by wind fields from the Canadian operational NWP model: GEM v3.2.0. North American regional grid, 0.5° x 0.5°, hourly, 58 levels.
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 88EnvironmentCanada
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Almost every ozone intrusion follows a level 2 or 3 (0.3 – 0.4 km/hr) tropopause excursion. Every level 2 or 3 tropopause excursion is associated with an intrusion.
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Trop
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se V
erti
cal V
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/hr)
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4Montreal
Trop
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se G
rad
ien
t In
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lack
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Walsingham
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Walsingham
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Walsingham
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Montreal
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/25
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/03
2007
Walsingham
>25
15-25
<15
Intrusionindicator
(ppb abovebackground)
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 99EnvironmentCanada
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260 280 300 320 340 360
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Potential Temperature/Temperature+60
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2x 10
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O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Montreal 20050505 0z
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1010EnvironmentCanada
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260 280 300 320 340 360
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O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Montreal 20050508 12z
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1111EnvironmentCanada
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260 280 300 320 340 360
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Potential Temperature/Temperature+60
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2x 10
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O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Walsingham 20060818 13z
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1212EnvironmentCanada
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260 280 300 320 340 360
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Potential Temperature/Temperature+60
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2x 10
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O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Walsingham 20060822 13z
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1313EnvironmentCanada
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260 280 300 320 340 360
0
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0 100 200 300 400 5000
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2x 10
4
O3 (ppb)/RH (%)
Alti
tude
(m
)
Ozone (sonde)RHPotential TemperatureTemperature
Montreal 20050429 13z
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1414EnvironmentCanada
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z
zq
T
q
zT
pM
ln
2
ln
115500
1)ln
)((1076.7 5
The vertical gradient of the refractive index
2nd term in square brackets is generally ignored, as q is small above the lower troposphere. But, where there are sharp negative gradients of water vapour, can be much larger than and the term in q can dominate.
qlnln
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1515EnvironmentCanada
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Successive ozone and water vapor pressure profiles taken four hours apart on 19 August, 2004. Movement can be seen, as peak A moves to peak B.
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1616EnvironmentCanada
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Conclusions
Stratospheric intrusions generally preceded by rapid changes in tropopause height
Quite common at midlatitudes (every 2-5 days)
Success of FLEXPART modeling suggests that GEM dynamics are quite good
Radar appears to be a particularly good intrusion detector
May be possible to follow the descent of layers of low humidity
Can we transfer this to Brewer total ozone changes?
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1717EnvironmentCanada
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EXTRAS
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1818EnvironmentCanada
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Continuing work…
CFCAS project GR-7042, "Impact of Large-Scale Stratospheric Ozone Intrusions on Operational Air Quality Forecast Model Applications” (Bourqui, Moran, McConnell, Jones, He, Osman)
New radars at Egbert, Sudbury, Eureka
Ozone data from Tropospheric Emission Spectrometer (TES) on the NASA Aura satellite
Several more ozonesonde campaigns with coordinated launches
Use of GEM-MACH
Operational GEM-based post-processing package for diagnosis of STE (Bourqui, Neary, Moran)
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 1919EnvironmentCanada
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Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb): Walsingham 07/02/23 - 07/03/04
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itu
de (
km)
Time (UT)
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Ozone Mixing Ratio (ppb): FLEXPART 07/02/23 - 07/03/04
Alt
itu
de
(km
)
Time (UT)
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UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 2020EnvironmentCanada
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Radar signal power from the first Walsingham campaign. Dashed line shows the tropopause height derived from this data.
UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - UTLS Workshop, NCAR – 20/10/2009 - 2121EnvironmentCanada
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Ozonesonde profiles from this campaign..
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Modelling the intrusions With FLEXPART - Written by Andreas Stohl
http://zardoz.nilu.no/~andreas/flextra+flexpart.html
A Lagrangian particle dispersion model
The model domain is filled with (millions of) particles.
Particles initially in the stratosphere are given an ozone concentration calculated using potential vorticity.
Ozone "parcels" are then advected with the model winds.
Wind fields from Canadian forecast model: GEM version 3.2.0
North American regional grid.
0.5 x 0.5 degrees, 58 levels, hourly.
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