std1207

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 1/47

Human and Environment InteractionsHuman and Environment Interactions

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Resources, Hazards and HealthResources, Hazards and Health

Rajiv Thakur Rajiv Thakur (Ph.D Candidate)(Ph.D Candidate)

Department of Geography, Geology & AnthropologyDepartment of Geography, Geology & Anthropology

Indiana State UniversityIndiana State University

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 2/47

FOOD

CLOTHING

SHELTER

LIVELIHOOD RECREATION

HUMAN

ENVIRONMENT

INTERACTION

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 3/47

Social Reproduction!

&Change

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 4/47

means the interaction of 

people and the environment,how people adapt to the

environment, and how peoplechange the environment to

meet their needs and wants

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 5/47

Needs & Choice

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 6/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 7/47

Global Warming

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 8/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 9/47

Natural DisastersNatural Disasters

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 10/47

Earthquakes

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 11/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 12/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 13/47

Why Earthquakes?

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 14/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 15/47

VolcanoesVolcanoes

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 16/47

Hurricanes

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 17/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 18/47

Floods

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 19/47

Web based informationWeb based information

Japan (earthquakes) http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2116.html

http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/~djohnson/natural/quakes.html

http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/

http://www.drgeorgepc.com/EarthquakesJapan.html

Hurricanes (US)

http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastcost.shtmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/science.htm

http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/deadly/index

.html

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 20/47

Web based info « contdWeb based info « contd

Tsunamishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami

http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/general/physics/physics.html

http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/

Earthquakes

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/

Floodshttp://www.weather.gov/ahps/

http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 21/47

1. Learning Outcomes1. Learning Outcomes ± ± Media ExerciseMedia Exercise

 Activity ± Keep a journal ; record facts; on

natural disasters from TV/ internet/ news

broadcast/ newspaper for at least 3 weeks

To prepare a map of the disaster affected

region

Identify HE interaction; origin; changes;

disaster response

Make a PPT presentation

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 22/47

22.. LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± CriticalCritical

ThinkingThinking ExercisesExercises

 Activity ± students in group could research

and prepare human needs inventory in a

region (e.g. US, Africa, Midwest); choices

available; study impact on environment to

satisfy those needs; raise critical questions

and consider alternatives through policy

intervention

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 23/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 24/47

Resource Use and

Sustainability

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 25/47

US ± California Water Issue ± Two-thirds of the state's population receives at least a portion of their drinking

water from the Delta.

 ± 50 percent of California agriculture receives water from the Bay-Delta system.

 ± The Delta sustains 80 percent of the state's commercial fisheries.

 ± Some 7,000 agencies or cities have permits to develop and use water supplies from the Bay-Delta and its watershed region.

 ± The Bay-Delta is the largest estuary on the West Coast.

 ± The Delta is home to 54 species of fish; with a total of 130

fish species in the Delta and Bay combined.

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 26/47

California and water inextricably linked

Three main interest groups -- agricultural, urban

and environmental Overwhelmingly complex and controversial

Water fuels the economy

Critical question ± distribution

Demands for more reliable and higher qualitywater supplies continue to come from the state'sagricultural industry, businesses, manufacturersand developers

The Delta serves as a major water source for approximately two-thirds of the state ± over 22million people

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 27/47

Web based informationWeb based information

http://www.water-ed.org/cabriefing.asp

http://www.water-

ed.org/calfeddeltabriefing.asp www.water rights.ca.gov/water transfer/Final%

20Report%20-%20Water %20Transfer%

http://feinstein.senate.gov/05speeches/s-ca-water-updt.htm

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 28/47

 African Sahel ± Overgrazing vegetation,drought and desertification

There is a widespread belief that the Sahara desertis advancing into the Sahel region

Is the Sahara extending into the Sahel?

Is this because of fluctuations of rainfall (totalamount, rainfall intensity, duration of wet season, ?)or is it largely the result of human activities, such asovergrazing or the removal of trees for firewood?

There are also the questions: Do deserts createdroughts? Do droughts create deserts? In other words, is there a positive climate feedback, whichaccelerates land degradation?

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 29/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 30/47

What Causes Desertification?What Causes Desertification?

Overgrazing Farming of Average Land

Destruction of Plants in Dry Regions

Incorrect Irrigation in Arid Regions Causes a Build Up of Saltin the Soil

The Effects Of Desertification

Soil becomes less usable

Vegetation is Lacked or Damaged

Causes Famine

Food Loss

People near Affected Areas

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 31/47

LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± PositionPosition Paper Paper 

onon RegionalRegional ResourceResource IssuesIssues &&

SustainabilitySustainability

 Activity - The focus of this assignment is issuesconcerning resource and land management. Potential

issues include (but are not restricted to): biodiversity;fisheries management; hunting and game management;livestock grazing; forest management; mining; non-indigenous or invasive species; off-road vehicle use(motorized or non-motorized); range management;recreation; rehabilitation and restoration; threatened andendangered species; tourism and aesthetics; wilderness;wildland fire; and wildlife and non-game habitat.

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 32/47

Divide the class into groups

Each group should come to class prepared topresent in 15 minutes (with an additional 5 minutes

for questions):1. In your collective opinion, what is the most critical forest

or rangeland management issue that needs to beaddressed? Provide evidence to support why it is acritical issue.

2. What goals would your group like to accomplish in order to solve problems related to this issue? You do not needto be exhaustive; in most cases, 2-3 goals should besufficient. Prioritize your list of goals, and provide

 justification why you list the goals in the order that youdo. NOTE: If you list only 1 goal, then explain why that 1goal is sufficient.

3. For your highest priority goal, what policies andmanagement actions would you need to change or implement?

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 33/47

Be sure that your group clearly states:

what the issue is

what the current policies and management actionsare (if none, then state that)

what changes or new policies and management

strategies are needed

both the benefits and detriments of the current

policies/actions (or non-action) as well as

potential benefits/detriments of what you like to

see done how these polices and actions will help

accomplish your goal

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 34/47

Role of Technology

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 35/47

Environmental determinism vs. Possibilism

Environmental determinism, a theory that dates back to theearly twentieth century, is the belief that the environment of a

region shapes the culture of the people who inhabit that

region

Environmental possibilism as ³the belief that humans always

had a range of opportunities for cultural expression and

economic activity in any given environment.´

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 36/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 37/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 38/47

SOUTHWEST ASIA

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 39/47

Netherlands

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 40/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 41/47

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 42/47

Soaring over "Minato Mirai 21", the redeveloped seafront area in Yokohama City, the

70-story, 296-meter (971-foot) Yokohama Landmark Tower is the tallest building in

Japan as of May 1998. The building is also equipped with the world's fastest elevator 

with its maximum speed of 45 km/h (28m.p.h.).

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 43/47

Narmada Dam, India

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 44/47

LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± InternetInternet

searchsearch && RoleRole of of TechnologyTechnology

 Activity ± Students will Internet Search for 

impact of technology on human-

environment interaction

Map regions and places where such

impact are being experienced

Document impact on population growth,

decline of ecosystems, global warming

and loss of biodiversity

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 45/47

Proposed solutions to Environmental problems

 A. Wilderness preservation

 ± 1. The first national parks created in the world were Yosemite andYellowstone, in 1864 and 1872

B. Sustainable use ± 1. Through ecological, social, and economic planning, resource use t

can occur that works toward

meeting human needs of the present and future generations. ± 2. Criticism of the idea of sustainable development in that it may mean

different things to different

people, i.e., ³Consuming Your Way to a Sustainable Future´.Sustainable development has been

oversimplified in that to some it assumes that nature is like ahuman body (an organism) and will

recover from anthropogenic interference back to a µnormal¶functioning state.

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 46/47

C. Stewardship

 ± 1. Moral framework that should inform personal

and public corporations, and nations. Defines an ethic

that should guide

D. Promotion of environmental justice ± 1. Promotion and establishment of just

relationships between

8/3/2019 STD1207

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/std1207 47/47