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Human and Environment InteractionsHuman and Environment Interactions
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------Resources, Hazards and HealthResources, Hazards and Health
Rajiv Thakur Rajiv Thakur (Ph.D Candidate)(Ph.D Candidate)
Department of Geography, Geology & AnthropologyDepartment of Geography, Geology & Anthropology
Indiana State UniversityIndiana State University
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FOOD
CLOTHING
SHELTER
LIVELIHOOD RECREATION
HUMAN
ENVIRONMENT
INTERACTION
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Social Reproduction!
&Change
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means the interaction of
people and the environment,how people adapt to the
environment, and how peoplechange the environment to
meet their needs and wants
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Needs & Choice
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Global Warming
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Natural DisastersNatural Disasters
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Earthquakes
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Why Earthquakes?
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VolcanoesVolcanoes
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Hurricanes
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Floods
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Web based informationWeb based information
Japan (earthquakes) http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2116.html
http://www.seinan-gu.ac.jp/~djohnson/natural/quakes.html
http://www.eri.u-tokyo.ac.jp/
http://www.drgeorgepc.com/EarthquakesJapan.html
Hurricanes (US)
http://www.nhc.noaa.gov/pastcost.shtmlhttp://www.usatoday.com/weather/hurricane/science.htm
http://www.aoml.noaa.gov/hrd/Landsea/deadly/index
.html
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Web based info « contdWeb based info « contd
Tsunamishttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsunami
http://www.geophys.washington.edu/tsunami/general/physics/physics.html
http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/tsunami/
Earthquakes
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/
Floodshttp://www.weather.gov/ahps/
http://earthquake.usgs.gov/research/hazmaps/
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1. Learning Outcomes1. Learning Outcomes ± ± Media ExerciseMedia Exercise
Activity ± Keep a journal ; record facts; on
natural disasters from TV/ internet/ news
broadcast/ newspaper for at least 3 weeks
To prepare a map of the disaster affected
region
Identify HE interaction; origin; changes;
disaster response
Make a PPT presentation
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22.. LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± CriticalCritical
ThinkingThinking ExercisesExercises
Activity ± students in group could research
and prepare human needs inventory in a
region (e.g. US, Africa, Midwest); choices
available; study impact on environment to
satisfy those needs; raise critical questions
and consider alternatives through policy
intervention
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Resource Use and
Sustainability
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US ± California Water Issue ± Two-thirds of the state's population receives at least a portion of their drinking
water from the Delta.
± 50 percent of California agriculture receives water from the Bay-Delta system.
± The Delta sustains 80 percent of the state's commercial fisheries.
± Some 7,000 agencies or cities have permits to develop and use water supplies from the Bay-Delta and its watershed region.
± The Bay-Delta is the largest estuary on the West Coast.
± The Delta is home to 54 species of fish; with a total of 130
fish species in the Delta and Bay combined.
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California and water inextricably linked
Three main interest groups -- agricultural, urban
and environmental Overwhelmingly complex and controversial
Water fuels the economy
Critical question ± distribution
Demands for more reliable and higher qualitywater supplies continue to come from the state'sagricultural industry, businesses, manufacturersand developers
The Delta serves as a major water source for approximately two-thirds of the state ± over 22million people
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Web based informationWeb based information
http://www.water-ed.org/cabriefing.asp
http://www.water-
ed.org/calfeddeltabriefing.asp www.water rights.ca.gov/water transfer/Final%
20Report%20-%20Water %20Transfer%
http://feinstein.senate.gov/05speeches/s-ca-water-updt.htm
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African Sahel ± Overgrazing vegetation,drought and desertification
There is a widespread belief that the Sahara desertis advancing into the Sahel region
Is the Sahara extending into the Sahel?
Is this because of fluctuations of rainfall (totalamount, rainfall intensity, duration of wet season, ?)or is it largely the result of human activities, such asovergrazing or the removal of trees for firewood?
There are also the questions: Do deserts createdroughts? Do droughts create deserts? In other words, is there a positive climate feedback, whichaccelerates land degradation?
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What Causes Desertification?What Causes Desertification?
Overgrazing Farming of Average Land
Destruction of Plants in Dry Regions
Incorrect Irrigation in Arid Regions Causes a Build Up of Saltin the Soil
The Effects Of Desertification
Soil becomes less usable
Vegetation is Lacked or Damaged
Causes Famine
Food Loss
People near Affected Areas
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LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± PositionPosition Paper Paper
onon RegionalRegional ResourceResource IssuesIssues &&
SustainabilitySustainability
Activity - The focus of this assignment is issuesconcerning resource and land management. Potential
issues include (but are not restricted to): biodiversity;fisheries management; hunting and game management;livestock grazing; forest management; mining; non-indigenous or invasive species; off-road vehicle use(motorized or non-motorized); range management;recreation; rehabilitation and restoration; threatened andendangered species; tourism and aesthetics; wilderness;wildland fire; and wildlife and non-game habitat.
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Divide the class into groups
Each group should come to class prepared topresent in 15 minutes (with an additional 5 minutes
for questions):1. In your collective opinion, what is the most critical forest
or rangeland management issue that needs to beaddressed? Provide evidence to support why it is acritical issue.
2. What goals would your group like to accomplish in order to solve problems related to this issue? You do not needto be exhaustive; in most cases, 2-3 goals should besufficient. Prioritize your list of goals, and provide
justification why you list the goals in the order that youdo. NOTE: If you list only 1 goal, then explain why that 1goal is sufficient.
3. For your highest priority goal, what policies andmanagement actions would you need to change or implement?
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Be sure that your group clearly states:
what the issue is
what the current policies and management actionsare (if none, then state that)
what changes or new policies and management
strategies are needed
both the benefits and detriments of the current
policies/actions (or non-action) as well as
potential benefits/detriments of what you like to
see done how these polices and actions will help
accomplish your goal
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Role of Technology
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Environmental determinism vs. Possibilism
Environmental determinism, a theory that dates back to theearly twentieth century, is the belief that the environment of a
region shapes the culture of the people who inhabit that
region
Environmental possibilism as ³the belief that humans always
had a range of opportunities for cultural expression and
economic activity in any given environment.´
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SOUTHWEST ASIA
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Netherlands
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Soaring over "Minato Mirai 21", the redeveloped seafront area in Yokohama City, the
70-story, 296-meter (971-foot) Yokohama Landmark Tower is the tallest building in
Japan as of May 1998. The building is also equipped with the world's fastest elevator
with its maximum speed of 45 km/h (28m.p.h.).
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Narmada Dam, India
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LearningLearning OutcomesOutcomes ± ± InternetInternet
searchsearch && RoleRole of of TechnologyTechnology
Activity ± Students will Internet Search for
impact of technology on human-
environment interaction
Map regions and places where such
impact are being experienced
Document impact on population growth,
decline of ecosystems, global warming
and loss of biodiversity
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Proposed solutions to Environmental problems
A. Wilderness preservation
± 1. The first national parks created in the world were Yosemite andYellowstone, in 1864 and 1872
B. Sustainable use ± 1. Through ecological, social, and economic planning, resource use t
can occur that works toward
meeting human needs of the present and future generations. ± 2. Criticism of the idea of sustainable development in that it may mean
different things to different
people, i.e., ³Consuming Your Way to a Sustainable Future´.Sustainable development has been
oversimplified in that to some it assumes that nature is like ahuman body (an organism) and will
recover from anthropogenic interference back to a µnormal¶functioning state.
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C. Stewardship
± 1. Moral framework that should inform personal
and public corporations, and nations. Defines an ethic
that should guide
D. Promotion of environmental justice ± 1. Promotion and establishment of just
relationships between
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