species interactions comm ecology
Post on 13-Jan-2017
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SPECIES INTERACTIONSCommunity: all the interacting
organisms in one area (ecosystem)
Within a community, there are 5 Major Types of Species Interactions:1) Predation 3) Parasitism*2) Competition 4) Mutualism*3) Commensalism*
*Symbiosis: a close, long-term relationship between organisms of two species
PREDATIONPredation = A relationship in which an
individual of one species eats all or part of an individual of another species.
Predator: captures, kills, and consumes another organism
CarnivoresHerbivoresOminvores
Prey: organism being consumed
Predatory Adaptations include: venom, fangs, claws, speed, camouflage
PREDATOR-PREY ADAPTATIONSPrey Adaptations
include: speed, camouflage, poisons, thorns, mimicry
AP Biology
What kind of mimicry?
Coral snake is poisonous
King snake is not
Red on yellow, poison fellow; red on black, safe from attack
2) COMPETITION Happens when two or more species use
the same resourcesCompetition results because resources
are often limited
Competition drives two key processes:1.Competitive Exclusion2.Character Displacement
*when one species is eliminated due to competition
-No two similar species can occupy the same niche = Reduced Niche Size!*Favors specialists
COMPETITIVE EXCLUSION
AP Biology
Character DisplacementThe evolution of anatomical differences to
reduce competition i.e.: Darwin’s finches evolved specialized beaks
SYMBIOSIS• Non-feeding, non-competitive
relationships• Long-term• Interspecific• Three types:1.Parasitism2.Mutualism3.Commensalism
3) PARASITISMParasitism: an interaction in which one
individual is harmed and the other benefits
Parasite: feeds on another individual (the “Host”)
4) MUTUALISMMutualism: a cooperative relationship in which both species benefit
• Many unusual behaviors such as cleaning behaviors
• Pollination is an important mutualistic relationship
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