spatial analysis – vector data analysis

Spatial Analysis –vector data analysis

Lecture 810/12/2006

Spatial Analysis tools in ArcToolBoxShapefile & Feature class

Coverage

Raster

Details

Shapefile and feature class Coverage Raster

Extract To create a new subset from the input

(features and attributes in a feature class or table) based on spatial intersection or an attribute query.• Clip• Select• Split• Table select only

Clip

ff

Select

Split

Overlay Joining two existing sets of features into

a single set of features to identify spatail relationships between the input features.• Erase• Identify• Intersect• Symmetrical difference• Union• Updata

Proximity Identify features that are closest to one

another, calculate the distances around them, and calculate distances between them.• Buffer• Multiple ring buffer• Near• Point distance

How to form Thiessen polygons Also known as 'Voronoi networks' and

'Delaunay triangulations', Thiessen polygons were independently discovered in several fields of study, including climatology and geography. They are named after a climatologist who used them to perform a transformation from point climate stations to watersheds.

Thiessen polygons can be used to describe the area of influence of a point in a set of points. If you take a set of points and connect each point to its nearest neighbour, you have what's called a triangulated irregular network (TIN). If you bisect each connecting line segment perpendicularly and create closed polygons with the perpendicular bisectors, the result will be a set of Thiessen polygons. The area contained in each polygon is closer to the point on which the polygon is based than to any other point in the dataset.