southern colonies chapter 3, lesson 4 eq: how does geography influence the way people live?
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Southern Colonies
Chapter 3, Lesson 4
EQ: How does geography influence the way people live?
Define Vocabulary: Chapter 3, Lesson 4 (pg. 79)
• indentured servants
• constitution
• debtor
• indigo
• estate
4
Indentured Servants Indentured Servants • Indentured servant – a
laborer who agreed to work without pay for a certain period of time in exchange for passage to America.
• Worked for no pay in exchange for passage to America
• They signed a contract with their master, but were freed once the contract was fulfilled
Slaves • Were Africans, or were descendants of Africans
• Worked for no pay after being brought to America against their will
• Had little or no chance of gaining their freedom
Activity: Compare and Contrast
• Not all people who came to work in the colonies did so by choice. African rulers sold prisoners of war to European slave traders who, in turn, sent them to America. Many others came as indentured servants.
Slaves Indentured Servants
Richard Frethorne’s Letter to his Parents
Indentured Servants Contract
Advertisement for Indentured Servants
Southern Colonies
1. Maryland2. North Carolina3. South Carolina4. Georgia5. Virginia
s.colonies
Characteristics of Southern Colonies
1. Indentured servants
2. Slaves to work the large plantations
3. Had fertile soil
4. Grew rice, tobacco and cotton
Maryland (1634)• The colony given to Lord
Baltimore, but he died and his son Cecilius Calvert, Lord Baltimore the Second.
• It was meant to be a “safe place” for Catholics who were persecuted in England.
• Cecilius gives large estates—large area of land owned by one person— to rich English nobles.
• Calvert declared Maryland a
haven of religious tolerance for all Christians—soon Protestants moved in.
Catholics vs. Protestants vs. Protestants
• Protestants outnumbered Catholics—to protect the Catholics they passed the Acts of Toleration (1649)
• However, these acts will be unsuccessful.
•The king takes over Maryland and declares it a “royal” colony.
•Maryland becomes a Protestant colony and Catholics are persecuted.
The CarolinasThe Carolinas
• Charles II granted a huge tract of land between Virginia and Spanish Florida to 8 nobles in 1663.
• This land became North and South Carolina.
The Carolinas ultimately split in two:
Rice and Indigo - Rice—required much labor, thus the demand for slavery increase. -Indigo—a blue plant used to make dye to color cloth was grown in the Carolinas.
Both Carolinas had fertile land
North North CarolinaCarolina
(1663)(1663)
• Settlers from Virginia moved in to North Carolina. • They grew tobacco and sold timber. • Established small, self-sufficient tobacco farms• Had fewer large plantations and less reliance on
slavery
South South Carolina Carolina
(1663)(1663)
• Had a great harbor and farmers used their ports. • Charlestown was the largest harbor. • Had larger plantations—especially large rice plantations.
Georgia (1732)• James Oglethorpe wanted debtors,
or those who had debt, to have a new start in life instead of going to prison.
• He and 20 other trustees received a charter to settle Georgia.
• British hoped that Georgia would block any Spanish attack from Florida.
• Georgia’s population included former debtors, but mainly many poor people from Britain.
• By 1770 nearly half of the population was made of enslaved Africans.
Virginia---1607•Jamestown
Joint Stock CompanyVirginia Company
Captain John SmithJohn Rolfe
Attract new settlers for Dutch and Swedish
colonists
Representative Govt•House of Burgesses
Royal Colony
Maryland--1634 Lord BaltimoreReligious toleration—those who believed in Christ---allowed persecuted Catholics to settle in Maryland
Representative govt
Proprietary Colony
North/South CarolinaIn 1663 8 English nobles
Setup a new colony based upon social
classes…Failed and divided into 2 parts
Representative govt
Royal Colony
Georgia—1732 James OglethorpeProvide a place for
debtors could start a new life---Acted as a
buffer against Spanish Florida
Royal Colony
Colony/Date Person Responsible Why Founded Governed/Owner
The First Arrival of Slaves
• 1619 in Jamestown• English used them as
workers on tobacco plantations
• By 1660, slavery as we know it was established in Virginia
• Shortage of labor in the Americas led to the signing of Atlantic Slave trade
• Europeans needed workers on sugar, tobacco plantations.
• Most slaves came from West Africa
http://www.history.com/topics/black-history/slavery/videos/origins-of-slavery
Origins of the Slave Trade
Triangular Trade
First leg of triangle— ships carrying European goods to Africa to be exchanged for slaves
Second leg (Middle Passage)— brought Africans to Americas to be sold.
Third Leg—carried American products to Europe
Captured Africans became part of network of trade called the triangular trade.
http://www.discovery.com/tv-shows/other-shows/videos/assignment-discovery-middle-passage.htm
Meanwhile in Virginia—Moving West • Virginia settlers (freed
indentured servants) moved West—onto Native American lands.
• Governor Berkley of Virginia promises the Native Americans that he will stop settlers from moving West.
• He wanted to prevent a war between the colonists and Native Americans.
Bacon’s Rebellion (1676)
• Was an armed rebellion by Virginia settlers led by Nathanial Bacon against the rule of Governor Berkley.
• Nathanial Bacon was a planter living in western Virginia—he refuses to follow the Governor Berkeley’s orders to stay out of Native American lands.
• He and many colonists rebelled against the Virginia Government and burn down the capital.
Nathanial Bacon and Slavery
• Bacon’s rebellion makes the government of Virginia look for other sources of labor—indentured servants cause too much trouble.
• They decide to bring in slaves—after all this form of “laborers” you never have to free.
• African slavery increases! More Africans are brought to America.
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