The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

Lesson 1: Geography of the Lesson 1: Geography of the Middle ColoniesMiddle Colonies

By Tyler, Kevin, Juliet, and By Tyler, Kevin, Juliet, and GabbyGabby

Plains, Hills, and RiversPlains, Hills, and Rivers• The Middle Colonies formed a region of

contrasts because New Jersey and Delaware lie on the Atlantic Coastal Plain and New York and Pennsylvania stretch across the Appalachians. So they had different land and lifestyles.

• There was a fall line created as the rivers dropped from the hills to the coastal plain. This caused rapids and waterfalls.

Plains, Hills, and Rivers cont.Plains, Hills, and Rivers cont.

• The middle colonies had beaver-filled streams, thick forests and rich farm land.

• Colonist used the rivers to transport these goods.

• The fall line was used to power mills and saws.

• The most important rivers in the Middle Colonies were the Delaware and the Hudson rivers.

• They were large enough for ships which promoted port cities for trade.– Example: New York City

Plains, Hills, and Rivers cont.Plains, Hills, and Rivers cont.

Farming the Middle ColoniesFarming the Middle Colonies

• There was rich soil and a 6 to 7 month growing season that made farming easy in the middle colonies.

The Riches of the Middle The Riches of the Middle ColoniesColonies• The middle colonies on the coast of The middle colonies on the coast of

piedmont offered good farmland which piedmont offered good farmland which England envied.England envied.

• The piedmont’s forests were fulfilled with The piedmont’s forests were fulfilled with lumber and beaver.lumber and beaver.

• The navigable river flowed through each of The navigable river flowed through each of these colonies and rivers tumbling down these colonies and rivers tumbling down the fall line provided water power for mills.the fall line provided water power for mills.

The Middle ColoniesThe Middle Colonies

Lesson 2: New York and New Lesson 2: New York and New Jersey Jersey

By Tyler, Kevin, Juliet, and By Tyler, Kevin, Juliet, and GabbyGabby

New Amsterdam surrendersNew Amsterdam surrenders

In 1664, 4 English warships In 1664, 4 English warships demanded that New Amsterdam demanded that New Amsterdam surrender.surrender.

At first Stuyvesant did not surrender, At first Stuyvesant did not surrender, but after the colonists saw guns but after the colonists saw guns pointed at them they did, so pointed at them they did, so Stuyvesant had no chance of winning Stuyvesant had no chance of winning so he surrendered.so he surrendered.

The Duke Of York The Duke Of York

King Charles II gave the Dutch colony King Charles II gave the Dutch colony to his brother James, the to his brother James, the Duke of Duke of YorkYork..

New Netherlands became New York New Netherlands became New York and New Amsterdam became New and New Amsterdam became New York CityYork City..

John Berkeley and George CarteretJohn Berkeley and George Carteret

James gave a large part of his colony James gave a large part of his colony to two friends to two friends Lord John Berkeley Lord John Berkeley and Sir George Carteretand Sir George Carteret..

They They started the colony of New started the colony of New JerseyJersey on land between the Hudson on land between the Hudson and the Delaware rivers.and the Delaware rivers.

Land For RentLand For Rent

Berkeley and Carteret Berkeley and Carteret rented land rented land for moneyfor money in New Jersey. in New Jersey. They They offered colonists rich soil and offered colonists rich soil and religious freedomreligious freedom, soon all kinds of , soon all kinds of people were coming there to farm people were coming there to farm along New Jerseys Coastal Plain.along New Jerseys Coastal Plain.

Farmland Along the Hudson RiverFarmland Along the Hudson River

Colonists in New York and New Jersey Colonists in New York and New Jersey wanted to wanted to govern themselvesgovern themselves..

The fought and won to elect and The fought and won to elect and assemblyassembly, or , or law making bodylaw making body.).)

John Peter ZingerJohn Peter Zinger

Zinger published a weekly newspaper Zinger published a weekly newspaper called “The New York Weekly journal.”called “The New York Weekly journal.”

Zinger was arrested because he Zinger was arrested because he published a newspaper about the published a newspaper about the governor being dishonest. His governor being dishonest. His defender (lawyer) was Andrew defender (lawyer) was Andrew Hamilton.Hamilton.

The trial helped to establish The trial helped to establish freedom of the pressfreedom of the press..

As long as it was true, you could find As long as it was true, you could find fault with public officials.fault with public officials.

““A Mixed Medley”A Mixed Medley”

New Netherlands became New York New Netherlands became New York and New Jersey.and New Jersey.

They welcomed all.They welcomed all. People had access to:People had access to:

LandLand Religious FreedomReligious Freedom And the right to govern themselvesAnd the right to govern themselves

Chapter 9Chapter 9Lesson 3Lesson 3

Pennsylvania and DelawarePennsylvania and DelawareByBy

Caroline, Victoria, Gable, Corey, and Tyler.Caroline, Victoria, Gable, Corey, and Tyler.

William Penn becomes a William Penn becomes a QuakerQuaker

• William grew up in a rich, English family.William grew up in a rich, English family.• He joined a religious group called the He joined a religious group called the QuakersQuakers

or or Society of FriendsSociety of Friends. It was founded by . It was founded by George Fox.George Fox.

• The English government disliked the Quakers. The English government disliked the Quakers. Unlike the Church of England, the Quakers Unlike the Church of England, the Quakers said said – you you didn’t need preachers or churchesdidn’t need preachers or churches – and all people are equaland all people are equal– Thou Shall not Kill = They wouldn’t serve in the Thou Shall not Kill = They wouldn’t serve in the

army or navyarmy or navy

Penn’s “Holy Experiment” Penn’s “Holy Experiment” • In 1681 King Charles granted William Penn In 1681 King Charles granted William Penn

land in Pennsylvania.land in Pennsylvania.• It was called It was called PennsylvaniaPennsylvania, that means , that means

“Penn’s Woods”.“Penn’s Woods”.• There were not any bodies of water on the There were not any bodies of water on the

land he was granted, so Duke of York land he was granted, so Duke of York granted him more land on a river. granted him more land on a river. (Why is water (Why is water

important?) important?) This area broke away and became This area broke away and became Delaware.Delaware.

• Pennsylvania offered Pennsylvania offered complete religious complete religious freedomfreedom..

• He said, “You shall be He said, “You shall be governed by the laws governed by the laws of your own makingof your own making.”.”

Penn Visits His ColonyPenn Visits His Colony

• On the Delaware he founded the city On the Delaware he founded the city of of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphia, which means , which means “brotherly love”“brotherly love” in Greek. in Greek.

• Penn treated the Delaware people as Penn treated the Delaware people as his equal because of his beliefs. his equal because of his beliefs. (The (The Delaware were Native Americans.)Delaware were Native Americans.)

• He paid them for their land.He paid them for their land.

““The Seed of a Nation”The Seed of a Nation”

• William Penn began Pennsylvania as William Penn began Pennsylvania as a “holy experiment.”a “holy experiment.”

• He offered colonists freedom of He offered colonists freedom of religion and self-government.religion and self-government.

• He treated the Delaware as equals He treated the Delaware as equals and kept the peace.and kept the peace.

• He hoped it would become the “seed He hoped it would become the “seed of a nation.”of a nation.”

Chapter 9Chapter 9

Lesson 4Lesson 4The People in the Middle The People in the Middle

ColoniesColonies

ByByCaroline, Victoria, Gable, Corey, and Tyler.Caroline, Victoria, Gable, Corey, and Tyler.

Quakers in North AmericaQuakers in North America

Many of the first colonists in New Many of the first colonists in New Jersey and Pennsylvania were English Jersey and Pennsylvania were English Quakers.Quakers.

They were They were a lot like the Puritans, a lot like the Puritans, idlenessidleness was a sin. was a sin.

In 1688, the Quakers were the first In 1688, the Quakers were the first people to speak up about slavery. people to speak up about slavery. They did not like bringing men here They did not like bringing men here against there will.against there will.

Pennsylvania DutchPennsylvania Dutch Early 1700, thousands of Germans came Early 1700, thousands of Germans came

to Middle Colonies. They were called to Middle Colonies. They were called Dutch because the German word for their Dutch because the German word for their language was Deutsch (doich).language was Deutsch (doich).

They were said to be the best farmers in They were said to be the best farmers in the colonies.the colonies.

They built the first Conestoga wagon.They built the first Conestoga wagon. They were They were immigrants, someone who immigrants, someone who

leaves one country to come and live leaves one country to come and live in anotherin another

Scots-IrishScots-Irish They were called the Scots-Irish They were called the Scots-Irish

because they moved from Scotland to because they moved from Scotland to Ireland because they were promised Ireland because they were promised land and freedom of religion. land and freedom of religion.

In 1720, people from northern Ireland In 1720, people from northern Ireland began arriving in the middle colonies. began arriving in the middle colonies.

They went to the Appalachian They went to the Appalachian mountain because all the good land mountain because all the good land was taken. They cleared land along was taken. They cleared land along the the frontier, the edge of frontier, the edge of settlement.settlement.

Self-Sufficient Farm FamilySelf-Sufficient Farm Family

Whether they lived in villages or on Whether they lived in villages or on lonely farms. Most people were farmers.lonely farms. Most people were farmers.

They were self-sufficient, able to meet They were self-sufficient, able to meet almost all their needs with the farm.almost all their needs with the farm.

Most self-sufficient people grew too Most self-sufficient people grew too much grain which was sent to New York. much grain which was sent to New York. The middle colonies were called the The middle colonies were called the “bread basket of America” because of “bread basket of America” because of this.this.

The Promise of the Middle ColoniesThe Promise of the Middle Colonies

1700 the Middle Colonies grew 1700 the Middle Colonies grew rapidly.rapidly.

The Middle Colonies promised land The Middle Colonies promised land and chance of better life if people and chance of better life if people came to the colonies. came to the colonies.

Poor people from Europe could Poor people from Europe could establish themselves and flourish.establish themselves and flourish.

Chapter 9 Chapter 9

Lesson 5Lesson 5

Ben Franklin’s PhiladelphiaBen Franklin’s Philadelphia

By: Corey, Tyler, Gable

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin 1 of 17 children born in Boston. (15 out of 1 of 17 children born in Boston. (15 out of

17)17) Worked at his brother’s printing press.Worked at his brother’s printing press. His brother made money while he worked His brother made money while he worked

so he ran away for Philadelphia.so he ran away for Philadelphia. Philadelphia was nosy and exciting to him.Philadelphia was nosy and exciting to him. It was busy all day long.It was busy all day long.

A City of OpportunityA City of Opportunity

In Philadelphia, Ben owned a print shop and In Philadelphia, Ben owned a print shop and published his own paper by the age of 24.published his own paper by the age of 24.

Franklin wrote the Poor Richard’s Almanac Franklin wrote the Poor Richard’s Almanac which was the best selling book in the colonies.which was the best selling book in the colonies.

An almanac is a book of facts on many An almanac is a book of facts on many subjects. His taught farmers how & when to subjects. His taught farmers how & when to plant crops.plant crops.

A City of OpportunityA City of Opportunity

Workshops lined the streets of Philadelphia. Workshops lined the streets of Philadelphia. Craftworkers made good to be sold.Craftworkers made good to be sold. The Delaware River was lined with docks built The Delaware River was lined with docks built

by merchants.by merchants. Ships left Philadelphia with, fur, meat, lumber, Ships left Philadelphia with, fur, meat, lumber,

and grain. and grain. They returned with goods, from England like, They returned with goods, from England like,

silks, lace, swords, and mouse traps.silks, lace, swords, and mouse traps.

Franklin’s Improvements Franklin’s Improvements on Philadelphiaon Philadelphia

Benjamin Franklin started America’s first public library Benjamin Franklin started America’s first public library in Philadelphia in 1731. Any money collected was used in Philadelphia in 1731. Any money collected was used to buy more books for the library.to buy more books for the library.

Franklin also started fire companies.Franklin also started fire companies. Benjamin worked for paved streets and street lights so Benjamin worked for paved streets and street lights so

it would be safer at night.it would be safer at night. The largest city in the colony was Philadelphia in 1760.The largest city in the colony was Philadelphia in 1760. Philadelphia, being the center of a farming region, grew Philadelphia, being the center of a farming region, grew

rapidly.rapidly. Visitors enjoyed Philadelphia’s well lit streets and fine Visitors enjoyed Philadelphia’s well lit streets and fine

appearance.appearance.