solar potential in urban areas: a new approach to solar and sustainable urban planning

Solar potential in urban areas: A new approach to solar and sustainable urban planning

Energy Forum 2013Conference on Advanced building skins6th November 2013, Bressanone (Italy)

Gabriele LobaccaroPostdoctoral Research Fellow

IntroductionOpen questions and objectives

IEA Task 41 “Solar Energy and Architecture” Aims and results of the research conducted in Subtask B

Theory, calculation and results on the case studyApplicability and the results in the use of the methods and tools for solar design

Development a new urban design & simulation toolA beta version of urban design and analysis tool controlled by devices

Conclusion

Outlines

European directive on the energy performance of buildings (EPBD)

Renewable Energy Sources

20-20-20 plan - EU-27 2020:

In Europe the buildings produce:

36% emissions CO 2

40% energy consumptions

The cities are responsible for…

75%75% Energy consumedEnergy consumed

Emissions Emissions 80%80%

…why not using the façades for producing the energy

From Urban sprawl…

Rio de janeiro

Masdar City

To Dense Urban City

IEA - SHC International research activities

The total solar energy absorbed from the earth is equal:

3,850,000 EJ

The use of primary energyin 2009 was equal to:

510 EJ

Electricity:

62EJ

Energy Unused

IEA - SHC International research activities

http://task41.iea-shc.org/

http://task51.iea-shc.org//

May 2013 - Apr 2017

May 2009 - Apr 2012

IEA Task 41 “Solar Energy and Architecture”

CAAD Tools

Conceptual phase Preliminary design phase

Detailed design phase

Construction drawings phase

Autocad 28% 35% 45% 50%Google SketchUp 25% 16% 8% 5%Revit Architecture 10% 12% 14% 13%

Archicad 10% 11% 12% 13%

Vectorworks 5% 6% 7% 8%

Simulation Tools

Conceptual phase

Preliminary design phase

Detailed design phase

Construction drawings phase

Ecotect 26% 33% 22% 19%RETScreen 16% 12% 7% 5%Radiance 8% 9% 10% 9%Polysun 7% 8% 12% 19%PVsyst 8% 4% 7% 9%

1 – Solar optimization process of the building shape

2 – Solar optimized design: evaluation of solar irradiation in the isolated scenario

3 – Validation of the process: evaluation of solar irradiation in the district analysis

Objectives of the research

Methodology of the solar optimization processApplicability and the results in the use of the methods and tools for solar design

Initial Scenario Current Design Scenario

Does exist a solar optimized scenario maintaining the constant volume

?

Source: Google Earth

Case study - Milan (Italy)

Generative parametric solar optimization process

Generative parametric solar optimization process

Solar irradiation simulations – Building A isolated

Irrg = 2,881,181 kWh/yr

+ 18%

Solar irradiation simulations – Building B isolated

Irrg = 1,270,337 kWh/yr

+ 22%

Design Scenario Solar optimized design scenario

+ 12%

- 8%

Building A

Building B

(compared to the isolated volume)

+ 36%+ 27%

A

B

A

B

Solar irradiation simulations - District analysesConsidering the surrounding (mutual reflections)

Development a new urban design & simulation toolA beta version of urban design and analysis tool controlled by devices

METHODA New Urban Planning approach for planners, architects and engineers

UTILITYUse of the tool for supporting design decisions during the early design phases

ANALYSESHolistic design approach for sustainable and integrated design

Conclusion

Gabriele LobaccaroNTNU - Norwegian of Science and Technology

gabriele.lobaccaro@ntnu.no