social studies

Essential UNIT Question: How did the ancient world contribute to the development of

civilization?

Social Studies StandardsCase study of an early people of the Middle East (Sumer, Egypt, or Mesopotamia): 3.1 a, 3.1 c, 3.1 d

DO-NOW:

Update Table of Contents;

Focus Question # 22:What were the contributions of the Old Kingdom of Ancient Egypt? (Part 3)

Egyptians Leave Their Mark:The Egyptian pyramids were great monuments of

stone, built at the direction of the pharaoh;Pyramids prepared the pharaoh’s passage to the

afterlife;The Great pyramid of Pharaoh Khufu (KOO-Foo), built

in 2,600 BCE, brought honor to many Egyptians;The pyramid walls contained inscriptions of the

achievements of the pharaoh; There was also a dark side to the legacy of the

pyramids: Many people were enslaved and forced to work as laborers on the pyramid’s construction.

Khufu’s Monument of Life & Death

A Written LegacyEarly Egyptians scribes documented official

court records (schedules, contracts, funeral rites, medical and religious writings, etc.) and left behind a body of literature by using a system of writing called hieroglyphs or sacred carvings: “hiero” means holy (Greek) and glyph (Greek) means to carve or shape by hand;

Scribes practiced hieroglyphic writing on sheets of papyrus, which is a reed-like plant that grew in the Delta. It is the source of the word “paper.”

Making Papyrus

ContinuedJean Chompollion, a Frenchman, was the first

Western scholar to learn how to interpret/read Egyptian hieroglyphics, by cracking the code of the Rosetta Stone;

Through the Rosetta Stone, Chompollion (Shahm-pohl-YON), learned about the Egyptian economy.

Economics is the study of how one country uses its resources and coverts them into goods and services, which creates wealth for its people.

For ex. Papyrus (resource) Paper (goods) Scribes (services).

Rosetta Stone

Top portion was written in Egyptian hieroglyphics.

The middle portion was written in modern “demotic” Egyptian.

The bottom portion was written in Ancient Greek.

Jean Champollion (top left) used Greek and demotic text as the basis through which he learned to read Egyptian hieroglyphics.

Preparations for Afterlife:

Sarcophagus & Canopic Jars

Sarcophagus = Coffin Priests placed vital organs in jars

Tomb Raiders:

Stepped Pyramid:

Menes “The Pharaoh of Unity”

The Double Crown of Egypt

Crown of Upper Egypt (White); Crown of Lower Egypt (Red) United Crown of Egypt

Lower and Upper Egypt:

Silt deposits = Rich soil

Silt helps nourish soilSilt scooped out of the Nile

Egyptian Irrigation

Canals The Shadoof

The Nilometer

Egyptian Cloth

Flax was used for clothing Egyptian weavers

The Flooding of the Nile River

Egyptian Transportation

Egyptian Domestication

The Nile and Its Delta

The Delta

Activity:

Homework # 31:See HW tab (Website)

Today’s Middle Easthttp://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/cou

ntrys/me.htm

Today I Learned . . .