social psychology

BY NOHA SABRY

SOCIAL PSYCOLOGY

DEFINITION

• Social psychology is the scientific study of how people’s thoughts, feelings and behavior are influenced by the actual , imagined ,or implied presence of others

• Social psychology study how social roles ,attitudes , relationships ,and groups influence people to do things they would not necessarily do on their own- to act bravely ,compassionately , aggresively or even savagely

•S

ocial psychologists typically explain human behavior as a result of the interaction of mental states and immediate social situations

Roles and Rules •N

orms = Social constrains •R

ules about how we supposed to act , enforced by threat of punishment if we violate them or promised of reward if we follow them .

•Norms are the conventions of everyday life that makes of everyday life that makes interactions with otherpeople predictive and orderly

•Ever culture has it is own norms for just everthing in human experience

RolesTypes of Norms :

• Enriched by low

•Unspoken cultural understanding

•Tiny unspoken people learn unconsciously

Social Roles•S

ome regulated by norms about how people social rules :

p0sitions that are regulated by norms about how people in those positions should behave

•G

ender Roles

•O

ccupational roles

•F

amily roles

•F

inancial roles

•P

eople presents their personalities to the social roles they play

The Obediance study

Attitudes•A

ttitudes are defined as learned, global evaluations of a person, object, place, or issue that influence thought and action.

•P

ut more simply, attitudes are basic expressions of approval or disapproval, favorability or unfavorability, or as Bem put it, likes and dislikes.

•Examples would include liking chocolate ice cream, being against abortion, or endorsing the values of a particular political party.

The origins of Attitude•A

ttitudes have strong correlations between likes and dislikes and the genetic background

•Inborn Errors of social and cognitive skills

•Temperament and personality traits such as openness to experience

•Religious affiliation

persuasionFriendly persuasion Corecive persuasion

Individuals in Groups

•C

onformity

•G

roupthink

•T

he anonymous crowd

Conformity

• test line A B C

Conformity•E

veryone conform:

•I

dentification of group members

•T

he group has knowledge more than his own

•P

ure self interest

•N

ot easy to be nonconformist

Sides of conformity

Group Think•T

he tendency to think alike and suppress dissent

•Group think = extreme conformity

•Group think occurs when a group needs for total agreement “Irving Janis ,1982-1989”

•Symptoms of group think include the following:

Persuasion•P

ersuasion is an active method of influence that `ttempt to guide people toward adoption of an attitude ,idea ,or behavior by rational or emotive means.

•Persuasion relies on appeals rather than strong pressure or coercion

•Variables that influence persuasion process

WHO said WHAT to WHOM and HOW •1

- THE COMMUNICATOR•2

-THE MESSAGE•3

-AUDIENCE•4

-THE CHANNEL•5

-THE CONTEXT

Persuasion

•Percussion attempts to relay on the mass media frequently result in failure. This is because people ‘s behavior are often established habits that tend to be resistance to change .

• Communication campaign are most likely to succeed when they use entertaining characters and messages, tailor messages across relevant media channels

SOCIAL COGNITION• •T

his is a growing area of social psychology ,that studies how people perceiveabout and remember information about others.

•People think about people differently from non- social targets

•Williaams ‘syndrome and altruism

•Altruism and Dissent

Noha SabryProf. Psychiatry – Faculty of Medicie-

Cairo Univestry

GROUP PSYCHOLOGY

Group Identity

•S

ocial Identity

•E

thnic Identity

•E

thnocentrism Stereotypes

•S

tereotypes

Intragroup and intergroup Behavior

•Factors Influencing Behavior in Groups

A.G

roup Size

B.N

ature and focus in group

C.G

roup as a system

Nature and Focus of Group

•T

ask and oriented group

•S

entient group

•

Group as a system

Leadership

•Types of leadership

•According to nature, focus and needs of the group there are two types:

•Social –emotional leader

•Task leader

•According to the style or way of leading we may have:• Democratic leader• Autocratic (authoritarian) leader• Laissez –fair leader• Appointed leaders• Leadership and social power

Group Conflict and Prejudice

•The origins of Prejudice

•Defining and measuring Prejudice

•Unconscious Prejudices

•Reducing Conflict and Prejudice

Group decision making

•P

olarization

•G

roup think

Group cohesiveness

Inter group behaviour

PREJUDICE

-Sources of Prejudice

- Reducing Prejudice

The Individual and Society ( BASIC SOCIOLOGICAL CONCEPTS )

1.Culture 2.Values3.Norms 4.Anomie - Acute anomie- Chronic anomie

5. Social role- Role conflict

Socialization

1.Primary socialization

2.Secondary socialization

Deviant Behaviour and Social Control

-D

eviant behaviour

-S

tigma

-S

ocial control