sociable machines
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Sociable Machines
Cynthia BreazealMIT Media Lab
Robotic Presence Group
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Human-Robot Relations
Honda’s Asimo Sony’s Aibo iRobot
Types of relationships Face to face with a robot creature Embodied, distal interactions through a robot avatar Augmented physicality through robotic extensions
Capable machines, untrained users, human environment Balance human strengths with machine capabilities Useful and enjoyable!
Robotic extensions
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Robots in your everyday life
Competence in: Human engineered environment Human social environment
Untrained users of different Age, gender, culture, etc.
Human centered design Appropriate mental model Supports what comes naturally
On the job learning Easy to teach
Long-term relationships Acceptance, trust
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Sociable anthropomorphic robots
Very complex technology Social interface is (Reeves&Nass)
Intuitive, natural Untrained users
Humanoid robots are well suited to this hypothesis Same morphology, sensing Share social, communication cues
HRI meets HCI Study how people want to and do
interact with them. Informs design Evaluation methods
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Three research themes
HCISCIENCE
ROBOTICS & AI
Evaluate robot compatibility with people
Informed byscientific
understandingof humans
And animals
Build robots that do real thingsIn the real world with real people
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Issues for sociable robots today
The real-world is Complex Ever-changing
Robots have limited abilities compared to people Motor skills Perceptual abilities Mental abilities
Imbalance in social sophistication
Yet, social interaction is Tightly coupled Mutually regulated
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Early exploration into sociable humanoids
Set appropriate expectations Not human Robo-baby
Use of expressive feedback to regulate interaction Emotive expressions Communicative displays Paralinguistic cues
Use science of natural behavior as a guide
Start “simple” and learn, develop
Kismet, MIT AI Lab
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Socially situated learning: A path to more capable machines?
Issues for learning systems (robots or otherwise) Knowing what matters Knowing what action to try Evaluating actions Correcting errors Recognize success Structuring learning
If task is pre-specified, then can do at design-time If not the case, then what?
Address issues through structured social interactions Robots in a benevolent learning environment
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Learning from the way we teach
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Social skills that support learning
Direct visual attention Indicates saliency (i.e.what matters) Match to human – find similar things
interesting Robot responds to attention directing cues of
people Robot sends feedback to person for focus of
attention
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Video of attention system
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Recognize communicated reinforcement Serves as progress estimator Serves as signal for goal attainment Robot should recognize affective feedback from
human Robot signal to human that intent was properly
understood
Social skills that support learning
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Video of communicated affect
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Communicate internal state to human Allows human to:
Predict and understand robot’s behavior Tune own behavior to robot Improves quality of interaction
Robot conveys internal state to human in an intuitive manner
Can be used by both to establish better quality instruction
Social skills that support learning
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Communication of internal state
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Regulating the interaction Provides structure to the interaction
Interactive games Variations on a theme
Avoid being overwhelmed or under-stimulated Turn-taking as cornerstone
Human interaction Human instruction
Social skills that support learning
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Video of proto-conversations
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Lessons from Kismet
Face to face In human terms
Human drive to animate, anthropomorphize Importance of gaze Social qualities Emotive qualities Physical interaction
Being and Feeling in communication Expressive feedback is vital Entrainment and accommodation Mutual regulation
Being engaged vs. interacting
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Related, ongoing directions
HRI &DESIGN
SCIENCE
ENGINEERING
Smart Puzzle Fruit HRI gaze studies
Sensate Silicone SkinOrganic Robots
Sociable robots
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Sociable RobotsStan Winston Studios – Media Lab collaboration
Next generation sociable robot Fully embodied Organic look and feel Highly expressive Socially situated learning
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Robot Avatars/PerformersStan Winston Studios – Media Lab collaboration
Symbiotic control Puppeteer and “single-mind”
performance Human provides content, new interfaces Robot local intelligence to perform
content
Physical medium for embodied interactions Visual, auditory, tactile Mobile Shared environment, reference frame Physical interactions with world and
others
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Organic Robots
What gives a machine a living presence?
Organic qualities to make them familiar yet distinct Intriguing blend between plant and animal Silicone skin instead of plastic shells Natural and expressive movement, serpentine Visual perception of people (faces, movement, color)
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Sensate Synthetic Skin“…Perhaps next to the brain, the skin is the most important of all our organ systems.” Ashley Montagu, Touching: The Human Significance of the Skin, 1986, p.4
Sensate skin for environmental interactions Active perception of material characteristics (hard, soft) Development of novel conductive silicone sensor Neuro-physiological representations
Cynthia Breazeal, MIT Media Lab
Human-Robot Interaction StudiesControlled studies to better understand the human side of human-robot interaction
A series of studies to understand the human Focus on the important of gaze in interaction Compare physical (robot) verses virtual (animation) Examine arousal and engagement through autonomic responses To better understand the advantages and limitations of physical vs.
animated media
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