smart-1 lunar highlights

BHF 2007

SMART-1 lunar highlightsBernard H. Foing

& SMART-1 Project & Operations team,SMART-1 Science Technology Working Team,

SMART-1 Impact Campaign Team

http://sci.esa.int/smart-1/, www.esa.int

BHF 2007

Europe to the Moon: spacecraft, launch, operations (ESA+ industry)Instruments PIs + TIs from 5 countriesCo-Is from 13 ESA + 6 non European countries

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Solar Electric Primary Propulsion: 7 g thrust, 60 liters Xenon to the Moon

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SMART-1: With Sun power to the Moon on 60 liters of fuel

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Solar Electric Propulsion to the Moon– Launched 27 Sept 2003 as Auxiliary passenger

on Ariane 5 into Geostationary Transfer Orbit– Spiral out cruise (13.5 month): – lunar capture 15 November 2004, spiral down– arrival 15 March 05 science(450 -2900 km):

commissioned spacecraft/instruments at Moon, nominal science mission March-July 05

– reboosting 2 aug-15 Sept 05 to increase orbit lifetime for extension phase until Aug 2006

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AMIE /SMART-1May 21st, 2004Earth view from ~70’000 km

AMIE /SMART-1End August 2006

Earth set & rise from the Moon

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First European Far Side Image of The Moon by AMIE/SMART-1

12 Nov. 2004

North Pole

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Moon Phase & Mission Extension

Apolune

Perilune

MISSION EXTENSION

Moon Radius

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SMART-1Sun light

Reflected

Sun light

CommunicationLaser Link

KA-band antenna

PlatformTechnologies

Triple junction solar cells

Lithium ion batteries

On-board computer

AutonomyOBAN

Miniaturisation

Multicolor microcamera

X-Ray Spectrometer

Infrared Spectrometer

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SMART-1 Science and Exploration Themes

HOW DO EARTH-LIKE PLANETS WORK?GEOPHYSICS: volcanism, tectonics, craters, erosion, space weather , ices

HOW DO ROCKY PLANETS FORM AND EVOLVE?GEOCHEMISTRY: chemical composition, Earth-Moon origin, Moon evolution, accretion, collisions, giant bombardment

PREPARING FUTURE LUNAR/PLANETARY EXPLORATIONLUNAR RESOURCES SURVEY (minerals, volatiles, illumination)HIGH RESOLUTION MAPS: for future LANDING SITES and OUTPOSTSSUPPORT TO FUTURE MISSIONS AND EXPLORATION

PUBLIC OUTREACH, INSPIRATION AND EDUCATION

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What shapes rocky planets?

Why the Moon? A laboratoryfor Geophysics

Prospector H map

Tectonic wrinkles volcanism

cratering

erosion, volatiles

Bombardmentchronology

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Calibration & Ground Truth

SMART-1 view of Apollo 11 site• Distance 1764 km• FOV 80 x 120 km

• Calibrations, see also• Despan et al : geometrical analysis

• Kaydash et al: photogrammetry

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AMIE SMART-1 High Res Colour

AMIE colour image Orbit 1438

Clementine

Reiner gammaMagnetic shield

(Cerroni et al 2007)

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Serenitatis

Crater counts andlunar chronology

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SMART-1 view of Hadley Rille(giant lava tube) near Apollo 15 landing site

100 km field

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SMART-1 AMIE detailed targets: Procellarum and youngest basaltic flows

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Coupling between impacts and volcanism- Humorum: Multiringed impact basin- Procellarum: Irregular basin- Tectonics of mascon loading

Peters et al 2007

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Meton: debris on the edge of Imbriumgiant basin

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Minerals : the infrared Moon

The SIR spectrometer 0.9-2.4 microns:

- to chart the Moon’s minerals

- to find the signature of volcanism and impacts

-

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SIR infrared spectraacross craters: window to the subsurface

Mineral changes with SIR:from Highland to Mare

Mineral fingerprints

EPSC2 talksVilenius et alWiese et al

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Formation and evolution of rocky planets

Origin of the Moon: geochemistryEvolution of Earth/Moon systemImpact craters and basinsBombardment history in the inner

solar systemSouth Pole Aitken Basin

SMART-1 Infrared mineral spectroscopy

Edge debris from giant basin

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Mapping chemical resources: How D-CIXS works

Sun Shines in X-rays

1 The Sun shines on the Moon (in X rays)

2 The Moon fluoresces

3 Each X-ray energy indicates unambiguously the abundance of a particular element

4 D-CIXS detects these X-rays

5 Solar Monitor for Solar Input required for absolute abundances

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MareMare CrisiumCrisium

Facet 1Facet 1

Facet 3Facet 3

SMART-1 & Luna 24 samples in Mare Crisium : Why is Ca constant while

Mg varies?

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X-ray signatures of Chemical ElementsFirst ever remote sensing measurements of Ca at the Moon

Mg

AlSi

Ca

Fe

1 keV 10 keV

Grande et al 2007

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Detailed task of fitting Lunar composition to the data.

This is close to the Apollo 12 landing site

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Unanswered questions about the Moon

• How did the Earth-Moon system form?– Giant Impact? Origin of

impactor? Volatiles? • How has the Moon evolved

since?– Magma ocean?

• Necessary data – Composition (Mg, Al…)– Age and isotopic composition

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The Moon impact formation, 4.5 Gyr

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PREPARING FUTURE LUNAR/PLANETARY EXPLORATIONTECHNOLOGY LESSONS (ESTEC workshop January 2007)

LUNAR RESOURCES SURVEY - minerals, volatiles, illumination

HIGH RESOLUTION MAPS: for future LANDING SITES and OUTPOSTS- mid resolution map North polar region - high res map of south polar region

SUPPORT TO FUTURE MISSIONS AND EXPLORATION- support Chang’E 1 ground segment validation- support Chandrayaan-1- collaborations Selene, LRO/LCROSS- from SMART-1 impact campaign to future impacts- use of SMART-1 data and experience - support lunar landers and sample return missions design

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Hopmann

SMART-1 High res views of Targets in South Pole Aitken BasinFor future sample returns

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North pole peaks of light

Summer average illuminationClementine Winter image

SMART-1

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SMART-1 maps its own landing siteLake of Excellence46.2 W 34.4 South

Highest resolution Reference for future detection of crater and Ejectas

Impact time: 3 sept5h42:21.7 UT

(within 1 s of prediction)

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SMART-1 last orbit

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Our last Moon travelling shot

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SMART-1 a bridge to Future missions• Data analysis & Interpretation • Technology Lessons Learned • Science & Exploration Results• Preparation for human lunar missions

• SMART-1 & next missions (collaborations)2007 Chinese Chang’e 1 (ground station)2007 JAXA Selene (science exchange)2008 ISRO Chandrayaan-1 (SIR2, C1XS, SARA)2008 LRO & LCROSS (planning, impact, outreach)2011- Orbiters (ESMO, ASI, Moon Lite, BW )2011- Landers, Rovers & Robotic village ( US LPRP,

Chang’e 2, Selene2, India, Lunaglob, ASI, D, UK, ESA)2015- Sample return: Chang’e 3, Selene3, ESA NEXT, 2019- Human missions

BHF 2007

ILEWG9/ILC2007 Intl Lunar Conference• 22-26 October 2007, Sorrento, Naples Bay, Italy, Co-hosted by ASI & ESA• Co-chairs: S. Di Pippo (ASI), Wu Ji (China), M. Wargo (NASA), B.H.Foing (ILEWG/ESA)• 1. Inauguration & Keynote speeches• 2. Results from SMART-1, and latest reports from Chang'E 1 and Selene • 3. Agencies activities and plans• 4. Keynote speeches: Science, Technology, Human exploration• 5. Status of Future Missions: Chandrayaan-1, LRO/ LCROSS, Future

Landers/Orbiters • 6. Science and Exploration of the Moon: Results, Open Questions and New

Approaches • 7. Technologies, Infrastructures, Resources for Future Robotic and Human

exploration• 8. Societal, legal, policy, economics• 9 Next steps for Robotic Landers, Rovers and Outposts • 10 International Prospects for utilization and human exploration.• 11 Reports and recommendations from working groups• 12 ICEUM9 recommendations and declaration• 13 Young Lunar Explorers session• Outreach/education for public and Youth• 14 Posters & interactive sessions• Geological field trip