sirris materials day 2010 - smart coatings and printed smart materials - agfa
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Smart materialsSmart coatings and printed smart materials
Opportunities and challenges for innovation ?
R. De Keyzer Agfa Materials Technology Center
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2 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Agenda Smart material: the markets Smart materials: a definition Some examples Smart materials in actuator and sensors applications X-chromic materials and applications Smart coatings inspired by nature Opportunity : smart materials and printing ? Challenges
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3 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Economical Outlook 2010 Smart material and applications
Smart Materials $12 Billion dollar market (AGR 8.6 %) 50% - Piezo Electro-ceramics 30% - Biomimetics materials 15% - Thermal responsive 5% - Others Active Fluids…
Application market $52 Billion dollar (AGR 13.5 %)
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4 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Chromogenics applications and markets Materials Today, Volume 7, Issue 3, March 2004, Pages
28-35 – ‘smart’ or ‘smart engineered’ Chromogenic materials are colour or visibility switchable materials Markets:
Automotive: dynamic antiglare mirrors: $ 300 million per year. Producers: Gentex, Magna Donnelly, Nikon, and
Murakami-Kaimedo.
Architectural: switchable sunroof glazing (Saint-Gobain)
Aircraft:. Electrochromic windows for pilots and passengers
Information displays: e-paper, flexible displays, OLED…
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5 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart packaging market Global Smart packaging market (Nanomarkets.com)
$ 4,8 billion by 2011
$ 14,1 billion by 2013
Printable electronics enables smart packaging RFIDs..tracingSensing packagingOLED displays and light
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6 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Some considerations on productdevelopmentClive Bosnyak (Creative Polymer)
Smart materials in Plastics (Antec 2007):
“In principle, all markets currently enjoyed by commercial polymers could be expanded by new and improved applications if one can obtain the increased performance functionality possible with smart materials incorporation at the right price.
These new opportunities are most likely to arise from redesigning applications with an integrated smart materials systems approach, rather than retrofitting smart materials into existing applications.”
As for smart polymeric material systems in the near future
a focus on high value applications such as with human health – physical therapy,
sports, drug delivery, and water and air purity – will continue to expand first followed by energy conservation applications such as photovoltaics,
smart insulation and portable power.”
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7 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart materials defined for now
“A smart material can be described as a material that has a useful response to external influences or stimuli.”
Normal materials have limited or no responses to external stimuli Smart materials have appropriate responses to external
stimuli ... response is the same every time
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8 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart materials have appropriate responsesSome examples
Photochromic glass• darkens in bright light
Low melting point wax in a fire sprinkler • blocks the nozzle until it gets hot
Embedded optical fibres• broken ends reflect light back
Piezo-electric materials and structures• shape changes when voltage applied
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9 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart Materials : some examples
•Shape memory polymers and alloysHeat shrink tubing and packaging
Automatic actuators – open/close greenhouse windows
Thermostats for heating control
•Smart Wire
Actuators, linear, angular and rotary
Anthromorphic actuation – human like robotic motion
•Smart Link Silicone
Allows rotary motion between shafts up to 3600•Smart Fluids
Motion control gel – CD tray opening/closing, camera lenses
Ferro fluids – earthquake dampers in buildings, hard disks•Piezoelectric Materials
Sensors, musical cards, motors, actuators, clocks•Chameleon Colours
Car paints, printing inks, packaging
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10 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart materials as actuators and sensors
Piezoelectric crystals shape changes when voltage applied
Shape memory materials shape changes at a specific temperature alloys = SMA .... polymers = SMP
Magneto-rheological (MR) fluids viscosity changes with magnetic field
Electro-rheological (ER) fluids viscosity changes with electric field
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11 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Advantages
No moving parts High reliability Low power requirements Provide new capabilities that are presently not possible
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12 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Piezoelectric Materials
Expand and contract with the application of voltage Piezoceramics are the most widely used smart material Applications Ink Jet Printers Sonar Medical Diagnostics High frequency stereo-speakers Computer Keyboards Microphones
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13 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
An Agfa Graphics example:MPress, the fastest high volume digital inkjet printer based on an array of 64x762 piezo activated inkjet nozzles
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14 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Example of system integration approach
INK – printhead interactionsExample: ink / waveform for piezo printhead
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15 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Agfa’s Solutions in Wide Format and Single Pass
1000
500
400
100
50
10
Single Pass
Wide Format
II. The products
Productivitysqm/hour
Flexible packaging and niche markets
Billboard & Posters
Poster & Photos
1
2 :Dotrix
:M-Press
:Anapurna family
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16 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Shape Memory Alloys
Are metals that can be deformed and then returned to their original shape by heating
Applications Aeronautical applications Surgical tools Muscle wires
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17 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Magnetostrictive Materials
Expand and contract with the application of magnetic fields.
Applications High-power sonar transducers Motors Hydraulic actuators
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18 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Active Fluids
Respond to an electric (electrorheological) or a magnetic (magnetorheological) field with a change in viscosity
Applications Tunable dampers Vibration-isolation systems Clutches Brakes Resistance Controls
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19 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Optical Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors
Respond to strain and temperature by a shift in their optical wavelength
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20 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart materials : other examples
X-chromic materials /optically changing materials Thermo-Photo-Mechano-Chemo-Electro-
Some inspiration from nature…Selfcleaning coatings
Smart fabrics
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21 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Thermochromic effect
•Thermocolour Sheet
This is a self adhesive sheet whose colour changes according to the temperature. Used for thermometers, heat warning patches and novelty advertising of products
Inactivated Sheet
Finger placed on sheet
Sheet changes colour according to temp
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22 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Phosphorescent effect
Other more modern examples of smart materials include :
•Phosphorescent Sheet
This is a sheet that absorbs light energy and re-emits it as white light for up to eight hours. Used extensively for emergency lighting in the event of a power cut
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23 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
An Agfa Graphics example:Photochromic inkjet inks
Development by Agfa/IIS: Photochromic inks
+UV +UV
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24 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
An Agfa Materials example:Lighting: OLED & EL-lighting OLED: thin film device on glass / foil
Electroluminescent lighting
New technology with potential of:
• Flexible, thin film technology• High brightness (5000-7000 Cd/m2)• High efficiency (70-100 lm/W)• Long lifetime• Flexible colors• Low cost
Existing (older) technology:
• Flexible ‘thin’ film technology• Low brightness (100-300 Cd/m2)• High efficiency• Limited lifetime• Flexible colors but ‘pink’ white• Moderate cost
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25 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Biomimetics: innovations from understanding nature
The concept of taking ideas from nature to implement in another technology
Lotus effect self-cleaning surfaces Drag reduction by shark skin Smart-fabric
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26 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Biomimetics: Lotus effect most efficient self-cleaning plant
= great sacred lotus(Nelumbo nucifera)
mimicked in paints andother surface coatings
pipe cleaning in oil refineries (Norway) Images from
http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm http://www.villalachouette.de/william/lotusv2.gif http://www.nees.uni-
bonn.de/lotus/en/vergleich.html
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27 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Biomimetics
Lotus effect self-cleaning surfaces
surface of leaf water droplet on leaf
Image from http://library.thinkquest.org/27468/e/lotus.htm
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28 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Biomimetics
Drag reduction by shark skin imitation Special alignment and grooved structure
of tooth-like scales embedded in shark skindecrease drag and thusgreatly increase swimming proficiency Airbus fuel consumption down 1½%
when “shark skin” coating applied to aircraft
o Image from http://www.pelagic.org/biology/scales.html
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29 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart-fabric
Pine-cone model Adapts to changing
temperaturesby opening when warm or shutting tight if cold
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30 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Challenges From discovery to innovation…from material to system From smart material to market innovation (extra functionality vs
customer value) Self healing coatings (holy grale) Self cleaning windows Smart windows Antimicrobial coatings and fabrics Smart sensing packaging
Process Integration and integrated smart productdesign Textiles, and fabrics Structures
Multi technologies on multiscale Advanced materials Nano- and micro structured systems Nano designed materials important technology enabler for smart
products Printing as a low cost high volume deposition structuring technique
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31 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Advanced product development
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32 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Remarks Atlas Copco Sofie Deprez
"Smart materials is a very interesting concept. Are, at this moment, already applications which are also low cost - high number - easy producable- long life? (Not all this parameters must be present at the same time). Reputation of high cost is correct? What are the expectations for the future?
Flanders' FOOD Steven Van Campenhout "Use of smart materials for application in food industry: technological
applications/opportunities (printable RFID, anti-microbial materials, applicability in food handling systems, other?) . Also keeping in mind food contact, cleanability, hygiene guidelines “
OCAS Arcelor Mittal Vincent Stone Most self stratifying coatings systems described in the literature are solvent
or water based. The heterophase polymer structure is obtained through phase separation of polymers dissolved in a common co solvent. We are facing the challenge to extend this self stratifying concept to systems (e.g. 100%, UV curable systems) that could further improve the economics and environmental performance of the coating process.
VITO Dirk Vangeneugden I would like to evaluate to what extend the expertise within VITO's Materials
Unit could contribute to the realization of some applications in the field of Smart Materials.
Mikrocentrum Jan van Moorsel To find an easy way for solutions in nanomaterials and coatings for SMEs.
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33 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
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34 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Bronnen [1] Gosselink, L., Vries, J.C.A. de, Beurden, K.M.M. van (2008).Smart
Materials, “book of ideas”. Enschede: Saxion KenniscentrumDesign & Technologie. Dit boekje is te downloaden viahttp://saxion.nl/designentechnologie/downloads
[2] Kort, H., Cordia, A., Witte, L. de (2008). Langdurende zorg entechnologie. Den Haag: Uitgeverij LEMMA.
[3] Buchaca, J. (2005). Smart Materials: A Technology and MarketAssessment. Verkregen op 18 juni 2009 viahttp://www.bccresearch.com/report/AVM023C.html
[4] Hooper, A. Smart Materials. Verkregen op 22 juni 2009 via http://smartextiles.co.uk/overview/smart-materials/
[5] Oricalco - thermal shape memory fabric. Verkregen via http://www.gzespace.com/new/eng/Sto_Oricalco.html
[6] A Braille e-Book Reader Concept. Verkregen via http://www.gottabemobile.com/2009/04/22/a-braille-e-bookreader-concept
[7] Impactx Photochromic lenses. Verkregen via http://www.rudyprojectusa.com/technology/impactx.htm
[8] Impactx Polarized Photochromatic. Verkregen via
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35 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
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36 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Biomimetics
Velcro small hooks enable seed-bearing burr
to cling to tiny loops in fabric
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37 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Gecko tape
image fromhttp://www.netcomposites.com/news.asp?3922
Inspiration from the remarkable hairs that allow geckos to hang single-toed from sheer walls and walk along ceilings researchers at the University of California - Berkeley,
created an array of synthetic micro-fibres that uses very high frictionto support loads on smooth surfaces.
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38 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Classification of Materials (Smart Materials)Other more modern examples of smart materials include :
•Magnetic Sheet
This is a flat polymer magnetic sheet as used in fridge magnets. Also available in thin A4 sheets that can be printed on
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39 R. De Keyzer Agfa MTC – 29/04/2010
Smart materials and display markets (billion USD)
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