simulation modeling upscaling process

Reservoir Characterization StudyReservoir Characterization Study

Upscaling &

Simulation Model Initialization

Reservoir Characterization WorkflowReservoir Characterization Workflow

Structure framework& 3D Modeling

Petrophysical Modeling

Facies Modeling

Simulation GridDesign & Upscaling

SW Modeling& OIP Estimation

Simulation ModelOptimization &

PreliminaryHistoryMatch

Reservoir Characterization WorkflowReservoir Characterization Workflow

Petrophysical Modeling

Facies Modeling

Simulation GridDesign & Upscaling

SW Modeling& OIP Estimation

Simulation ModelOptimization &

PreliminaryHistoryMatch

Structure framework& 3D Modeling

Upscaling Validation ApproachesUpscaling Validation Approaches

Visualization & Cross-Section Plots. Histograms Analysis and Plots. Streamline Simulator.

Eclipse Design : Area GridEclipse Design : Area Grid

1600x1600m2

1600x1600m2

200x200m2

200x1600m2

200x1600m2

200x400m2

1600x400m2

1600x400m2

1600x200m2

80

0x

20

0m

2

40

0x

20

0m

2

40

0x

20

0m

2

200x400m2

X = 160

Y =

10

2

Producer Injector

Eclipse Design : Vertical GridEclipse Design : Vertical Grid

layer K.H RT Ø.H Option-A Option-B

3

4

5

6

7

8

9

65 Layers 54 Layers264 Subgrid Layers

Upscale Model, Grid-Blacks Dimensions

ModelDetailed Model

264 layersUpscaled Model

54 layers

Grid Size 100x100 m2 200x200m2 min 1600x1600m2 max

Zone-A 466 x 296 x 70 160 x 102 x 19

Zone-B 466 x 296 x 71 160 x 102 x 18

Zone-C 466 x 296 x 123 160 x 102 x 17

Total 36,415,104 881,280

70

71

123

Z=265

X=466 Y=296

19

18

17

Z=54

X=160 Y=102

Simulation Grid Design and UpscalingSimulation Grid Design and Upscaling

Upscaled Porosity ModelUpscaled Porosity Model

Detailed Model (264 layers)

Upscaled Model (54 layers)

Upscaled Permeability ModelUpscaled Permeability Model

Detailed Model (264 layers)

Upscaled Model (54 layers)

Upscaled Rock Type ModelUpscaled Rock Type Model

Detailed Model (264 layers)

Upscaled Model (54 layers)

Simulation Grid Design and Upscaling (Well-KXX)Simulation Grid Design and Upscaling (Well-KXX)

PorosityDetailed Upscaled

PermeabilityDetailed Upscaled

Rock TypeDetailed Upscaled

Porosity HistogramPorosity Histogram

Detailed Model (264 layers) Upscaled Model (54 layers)

Model Detailed Upscaled

Min 0.5 0.5

Mean 8.2 8.4

Max 27.9 26.4

St.Dev 4.9 4.3

Permeability HistogramPermeability Histogram

Detailed Model (264 layers) Upscaled Model (54 layers)

Model Detailed Upscaled

Min 0.001 0.001

Mean 5.19 5.13

Max 1205.2 511.8

St.Dev 16.3 12.1

Cells with K > 500are less

than 0.07 %

Permeability Upscale ValidationPermeability Upscale Validation

Vertical Permeability Model UpscaleVertical Permeability Model Upscale

Harmonic averaging for horizontal permeability at the well block level and kriging distribution in between wells

In the detailed geological model

Vertical Permeability Model UpscaleVertical Permeability Model Upscale

(264 layers)

(54 layers)

Streamlines from Well-XX1 (Injector) Well-XX2 (Producer)

Streamline ModelStreamline Model

Location map showing Producers (green)and Injectors (red)

C

E

B

xx

A

xx

D

xx

c

b

axx

e

d

Streamline ModelStreamline Model

Location map showing Producers (green)and Injectors (red)

C

E

B

xx

A

xx

D

xx

c

b

axx

e

d

Time of Flight "TOF" from Injectors to Producers

0

20000

40000

60000

80000

100000

120000

140000

160000

180000

ZK-082 ZK-188 ZK-236 ZK-303 ZK-310

Wells

TOF,

day

s

Detailed Model (264 layers)

Upscaled Model (54 layers)

“TOF” at detailed and upscaled models

A B C D E

Streamline ModelStreamline Model

Detailed Model Upscaled Model

Flow lines between injectors and producers