short course on user-centered product definition for...

Short Course on

User-Centered Product Definition for Creative

Engineering Design

SSSA Pontedera 5 March – 16 April

Design short course 2013

Course objectives, approach

Objectives: Introduce participants to some Stanford Design Group/d.School and Silicon Valley design methods used in early stages of designing a new product. Content: Mix of introduced ideas and techniques + hands-on sessions Schedule: Tuesday/Thursday, with break during last week of March + Easter Expectations: Modest “compiti” between classes, to gather information, build prototypes. Some tools, materials are provided for class. Student teams are expected to add to these on their own.

Design short course 2013

http://bdml.stanford.edu/Main/PisaShortCourse2013

Context: 50 years of project-based design

1960! 1970! 1980! 1990! 2000! 2010!

Learning Lab with Wallenbergs of Sweden!

Learning Design & Technology with Education!

Product Design Program with Fine Arts Department!

Micro Electro Mechanical Systems Design (MEMS) with EE!

Robotic Systems Design with Computer Science and Aero!

Team-Based Systems Design (210/310) with Corporate Partners!

Manufacturing Systems Design with GSB and MS&E!

Smart Product Design (218) with EE and CS!

d.school with HPI and IDEO!

BioDesign with Biology & Medicine!

Human Computer Interaction Design with CS!

Center for Design Research (CDR) with Industry Partners!

Creative Design with John Arnold and GSB!

venture design with India & Nigeria!

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Immersion Inc.

Context: entrepreneurial design connections

IDEO

Enterprise Systems Integration

Design short course 2013

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Background: Two kinds of project courses • Projects specified by instructor • Pedagogically inspired • Everybody does same project • Content introduced Just in Time • Results:

–  Effective content injection –  High enthusiasm –  Potential for overload –  Organized –  Sometimes unclear if

“real world”

• Projects taken from outside (e.g. industry) • Every project is different • Process introduced Just in Time.

• Results: –  Real world –  Mixed enthusiasm –  Potential for overload –  Sometimes seen as

“not organized”

Design short course 2013

MarkCutkosky

Je!Manian

AdritLath

SanthiElayaperumal

Larry Leifer

MarkSchar

MannyHundal

GeorgeToye

VikasAgrawal

KatNguyen

AliceBrooks

JaimeMayoral

Andres Mercado

AlejandroLopez

AprilAlexander

KellyJohnson

TrevorClark

CarolinaGomez

JuanRuiz

HectorCuellar

DanielJaramillo

XiaoGe

TravisBow

JessicaJi

RafaelMayani

Isaac Castaneda

Claudio Hansberg

JennPeterson

RyanBrooks

JoulesGould

AnthonyZhu

Francisco Acosta

Florencia Denti

FernandoGonzalez

OlmoVillegas

Tobias Rawald

Christoph Thiele

FalkBenke

ShashankSharma

QuinLai

Min MingLo

MattKandler

JoshGa!ord

AaswathRaman

KatiePlaney

GuillaumeThrierr

KeijirohNagano

MarwanKhiat

RaphaelDidier

JackNg

Yukino Jodai

RafatMehdi

EsaNummijoki

Tuukka Laurila

TiiaSuomalainen

Henrik Amberla

AlexGranieri

PeterKardassakis

Abhishek Shiwalkar

Lassi Laitinen

LauraTimosaari

Sakari Castren

TomZhuang

ShantanuGarg

RyanAnderson

YairKollmann

Tiziana Mauchle

Manuel Schoeni

JaimeAguilar

MariaCamacho

Carlos Serrano

DanielGarcía

AndrésCuellar

Andrés Torres

Stephany Fernández

Sara Delgado

Andrea DelgadoMarco Antonio

Cruz

Miguel Ángel Velázquez

Arturo Treviño

Alejandro Ramirez

MarceloLopez

PhilippDobrigkeit Thomas

Kowark

Matthias U"acker

Alexander Zeier

MichaelKarsch

Keven Richly

Ole Rienow

Stefan Hampel

TomoyaYamamoto

Sarah Fathallah

Paul Mauduit

Khaled Sellami

VéroniqueHillen

AminaAlaoui

AmineBellakrid

JohnGedge

SushiSuzuki

Roukaya El Houda

Julien Mauroy

Chakib EL Haouzia

Shogo Suzuki

Mikelis Studers

Susanna Ollila

Tuukka Kingelin

Vesa Lindroos

Youssef Ahizoune

MathieuChabasse Kenji

Nishito

Aurélien Sibiril

Svante Suominen

Pauliina Tenho

Heikki Säteri

PanuKeski-Pukkila

AnttiSonninen

Maria Kulse

Harri Toivonen

TuuliUtriainen

LauriRepokari

Heikki SoininenJulia

Pettersson Hakava

Tuomas Sahramaa

Mamiko Nagao

Haruna Kawashima

Petra Monn

Fabian Bischof

Marc Schlegel

Caroline Dohle

Christian Haueter

Rico Rinderknecht

Tiziana Aiol#

Pascal Kappeler

Pasqual Vossberg

Friederike Ho!mann

Christophe Vetterli

FalkUebernickel

Philipp Skribanowitz

Marco Brunori

Dominic Widmer

Amanda Bachmann

Andreas Stockburger

Patrick Keil

Deborah Schaub

Stephanie Petersen

Matthias Huebner

Dominic Schlegel

2010 - 2011

ME310 network

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ME310 Project-based learning I hear and I forget. I see and I remember. I do and I understand. Confucius

Me310 is about forming and running creative, productive, engineering design teams."

It is also about “the Design Division philosophy” of engineering design."

It is the quintessential project-based learning (PBL) course:

•  see and hear"•  do and experience"•  reflect and introspect"•  document for the future

Design short course 2013

Spring deliver a

functional product

Autumn explore the

problem space

Winter explore the

solution space

Paper Bike Design

Exercise

Benchmarking Prototypes

Critical Function Prototype

Functional System

Prototype

Darkhorse Prototype

Funky System Prototype

Whatever it takes to get it done (testing, refinement, manufacturing)

Autumn Winter Spring

Presentations & Documentation

Corporate Projects Start

1/'K""C#(short course focus

Fall: Make it up Winter: Make it Real Spring: Make it Happen

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tangible access to each other

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maker space

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Successful but limited innovation!

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! Technology Push -- A solution looking for a problem!''“L"'(2;"'+($#'$&+"*"#M&%'&"K'#"&#)*'D)*'2,+-2+)*8')*'B2+"*$2=8')*'3$#>=258')*NE'+",(&)=)%5'2&3'K"'()>"'+(2+'5)-',2&'3"#$%&'#)B"+($&%'+(2+'K$=='B2C"'-#"')7'$+'2&3'("=>',*"2+"'2'B2*C"+'7)*'$+:”'

Innovative, but limited success!

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! Needs Pull: “We think there may be an opportunity to design something that improves the experience of!”!

Successful and innovative!

Establish needs

Define: Requirements Assumptions Opportunities

design

refine

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Symbiosis( Driving better all the time...

!  The car adapts, so that from the driver’s perspective it is better after one year than when he bought it.

!  The car helps the driver to drive better, with greater safety, skill and enjoyment.

!  Like a prized horse and rider, they are a symbiotic team, driving better all the time.'

310 project example #1

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get requirements analyze design build

test refine

Needs-based Design requires a new design process

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investigate needs

But wait! What are needs? How do we investigate them?

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Stanford ME310 - Fall quarter topics (topics especially useful in the early stages of design projects)

6

user testing andconcept analysis,

experiencebenchmarking

1managing creativedistributed teams

2need-finding andconcept development

4

defining, discoveringand refiningrequirements

3physical andfunctional prototypingfor design discovery

5

documenting andclarifying the designand its rationale

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Opportunities for Market Discovery and Creation

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determine requirements analyze design build

test refine

investigate needs

build

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So how does it really work?

possible solutions

Establish needs

Define: Requirements Assumptions Opportunities

design

refine

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Example #1: Intel IntelliCare

•  Intel Corp. has microprocessor solutions for wireless applications.

•  What groups of people have needs that might create market opportunities for such devices?

•  What products and markets might develop around these needs?

•  What designs could help define a market?

Design short course 2013

Design short course 2013

3

5

Phases of Aging – iCare Focus

UnmonitoredLiving

MonitoredLiving

Constant CareFacilities

Cost

CaregiverEffort

Ease ofSocial

Interaction

Independence

6

Phases of Aging – iCare Vision

UnmonitoredLiving

iCare-MonitoredLiving

Constant CareFacilities

Cost

CaregiverEffort

Ease ofSocial

Interaction

Independence

Prolonged Period

IntelliCare: persona development

Design short course 2013

from exploring general devices to convey information between elders and

caregivers, to focusing on the specific need of caregivers. To further investigate

the new project direction a scenario driven solution emerged (See section 5.2) as

a result of the Stanford team’s efforts.

5.2. Scenario-Driven Solution

5.2.1. Introduction

To explore the possibilities for helping caregivers and elders, Team INTELiCare

developed a system aimed at extending both the duration and quality of the

monitored living phase of life for an elder, illustrated in Figure 4. This is to be

achieved by focusing on two important factors faced by elders and caregivers

during this period of life: improving and simplifying access to information

regarding an elder for caregivers, and amplifying the social connectedness

between an elder and his / her friends and family. To best describe the principles

of the proposed iCare system, a specific user scenario was used:

Figure 11: Mary and her son Jeff

This scenario was developed by the members of team INTELiCare. It serves as a

situation that the team used to design around. The situation is intentionally

designed to be simple, so the initial system design may be straightforward and

less prone to complication.

Meet Mary and Jeff. Mary is an 88-year old widow who lives independently at her

home. She is in good physical health, but is becoming more forgetful as her age

increases. Additionally, she has become more isolated, resulting in decreased

physical and social activity levels. Mary’s son Jeff becomes increasingly

concerned as he notices decline in her activity levels and mental sharpness.

When the need arises, Jeff will act as Mary’s primary caregiver, since he is her

How: Based on user interviews, benchmarking (literature + social services, etc.) Why: promotes attention to detail that makes a design truly meet users’ needs

IntelliCare: context framing, benchmarking

4

7

iCare Project Statement

! Prolonged elder independence by supporting:

" Caregiver on the go

! Make it easier to maintain a career, family, and be aneffective caregiver

" Evaluate non-medical criteria

! Answer the question – “How are you doing?”

" Social connectedness

! Foster social interaction among an elder’s primarycaregiver and social network

8

CAREGIVERUNIT

Jeff

OTHERSYSTEMS

Friends

ELDER UNIT

conversation physical activity

shower

CENTRALSERVER

data logging& logic

MoteNetwork

IN-HOME SENSORS

foodcupboard

WEARABLE SENSORS

Design short course 2013

Various prototypes from Stanford and Sweden (KTH)

Design short course 2013

20

39

Penultimate Prototype! Manufacturing methods

"Lightweight plastic construction

"Two activation buttons

! Results – Functional, needs improvement

"Electrical connections are poor

"Friction, solder, and wires interfere with

movement

Activation

button

Actuating

buttonSMA

assembly

40

Ultimate Prototype! Manufacturing methods

" Refined hard plastic case

" Plastic arms with teflon sheets

24

47

Luleå – Elder Connectedness

! Wearable

! Receives feedback when

caregiver checks on elder

! Interacts with a social network

"Shares and displays availability of

users in the social network

48

Need StatementMary

! 78 year old widow

! Good physical health

! Suffers mild cognitive decline

Jeff – Mary’s Son

! Busy Executive

! Concern for Mary increases over time

! Wants to frequently check on Mary, but time

does not permit

prototypes of caregiver ambient display (shape change & vibration)

prototype of elder unit (pendant)

13

25

! Unobtrusive tactile method of conveying information" Relay information on “How are you doing”

" Conveys information only when prompted

! Tri-Lobe Information Delivery" Convey three major factors of well-being

! Social Activity! Daily Routines! Physical Activity

! Long-range portable device that fits in a pocket / purse" Current realizations are portable, but not fully wireless

Caregiver Unit

26

Prototype History! First functional prototype

" Fully functional! Short-range wireless actuation

" Large scale

! Texture testing" Understand user perception

! Second prototype" Correct size / shape" Integrated textures

13

25

! Unobtrusive tactile method of conveying information" Relay information on “How are you doing”

" Conveys information only when prompted

! Tri-Lobe Information Delivery" Convey three major factors of well-being

! Social Activity! Daily Routines! Physical Activity

! Long-range portable device that fits in a pocket / purse" Current realizations are portable, but not fully wireless

Caregiver Unit

26

Prototype History! First functional prototype

" Fully functional! Short-range wireless actuation

" Large scale

! Texture testing" Understand user perception

! Second prototype" Correct size / shape" Integrated textures

Example #2: Panasonic

Develop innovative “hands free” solutions for interacting with personal devices (smartphones, MP3, bluetooth headset, etc.) •  Team identified problem: unobtrusive

control of devices, calls, etc. •  Team identified solution: use “teeth click”

and head tilt as control inputs

Design short course 2013

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Creating personas helps to ensure that user needs and desires are addressed

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Based on interviews at Lockheed and Loral: Enthusiastic, active. Likes space domain. Detail oriented, neat. Doesn’t like documentation Doesn’t like disassembly and rework!

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Revisiting those “tools for early stage design” (What have we seen examples of?)

6

user testing andconcept analysis,

experiencebenchmarking

1managing creativedistributed teams

2need-finding andconcept development

4

defining, discoveringand refiningrequirements

3physical andfunctional prototypingfor design discovery

5

documenting andclarifying the designand its rationale

Design short course 2013

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Team Analysis (Wilde*/Jung/Myers-Briggs )

Perceiving Judging

Introverted Extroverted

Any of these modes can be used in two ways:

<Cutkosky,Richter,Dorn,Scheinman>

At any moment a person can be

Perception can be through

Sensing Intuition

Feeling Thinking

Judging can be based on

Design short course 2013 *Wilde, D.J., Teamology: The Construction and Organization of Effective Teams, Springer-Verlag (2009)

When faced with a design challenge my first preference is to…

take some time to think about the problem, perhaps sketching ideas, or making notes. My best ideas often come to me when I’m in this reflective mode.

talk to people, look things up, go places, and get as much input as I can. I find that my best ideas are often triggered by external interactions.

Design short course 2013

Example #5: Getting closer to the inspiration of this short course… Design something that will represent a new potential market for Gorilla Glass