shared conservation, management and use of sea turtles in nicaragua, costa rica and panama lic....
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SHARED CONSERVATION, SHARED CONSERVATION, MANAGEMENT AND USE OF MANAGEMENT AND USE OF
SEA TURTLES IN NICARAGUA, SEA TURTLES IN NICARAGUA, COSTA RICA AND PANAMACOSTA RICA AND PANAMA
Lic. Nikolas Sánchez EspinoPaulino Madrigal Rodriques, Lic. CandidatoSekita Grant, LLM Candidate
A Synthesis For Policy Makers
Project OverviewProject OverviewDomestic Law: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama
Local management and protection of nesting and foraging beaches
Regional Laws: The SPAW protocol to the Cartagena Convention, SICA, The Central American Biodiversity Convention, The Western Hemisphere Convention, DR-CAFTA
International Law: CITES, Biodiversity Convention, Bonn Convention on Conservation of Migratory Species of Wild Animal, RAMSAR, Law of the Sea Convention
Recommendations
Introduction to Sea Introduction to Sea TurtlesTurtles
Species of Species of SignificanceSignificance
Loggerhead
Big Crustaceans
Green Turtle
Sea grass beds
Leatherback
Jelly Fish
Hawksbill Turtle
Sponges on coral
Key: N = Nesting; F = Foraging
Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
Loggerhead F N, F? N, F
Green Turtle N, F N, F N, F
Leatherback N N N
Hawksbill Turtle
N, F N, F N, F
Hatchlings
Juvenile
MatingPhoto:CCC file
Egg-laying
Photo:CCC file
Photo:S. Troëng
Photo:CCC file
Photo:CCC file
Adult feeding grounds
Inter-nesting
Photo:CCC file
LifecycleLifecycle
Caribbean Sea
Tortuguero
Green & Short (2003), Photo/fotoGreen & Short (2003), Photo/foto Marjo Vierros Bermuda Turtle Project Marjo Vierros Bermuda Turtle Project
Turtle Grass Species Range (Green Turtles)Turtle Grass Species Range (Green Turtles)
Brazil (one return)
Caribbean Sea
Tortuguero
Carr Carr et al.et al. (1978), Troëng (1978), Troëng et al.et al. (In press, en prensa) (In press, en prensa)
Green Turtle Tag ReturnsGreen Turtle Tag Returns
Brazil (one return)
<20 m
Threats to Sea TurtlesThreats to Sea TurtlesTourism and Coastal Development
Lighting
Coastal Erosion
Consumption
Beach Mining
Climate Change: sea level rise, elimination of food sources, change in ocean currents
Fishing: direct capture (food, trade), incidental capture
Domestic LawDomestic LawNicaragua ~ Costa Rica ~ Panama
NicaraguaNicaraguaDomestic Law
Constitution - fundamental legal basis for natural resource protection and management
Dichotomy
Article 60 - obliges State preservation, conservation and restoration of the environment and natural resources and to establish the appropriate structures and measurees to fulfill this mandate
Article 89 - recognizes the rights of Caribbean coastal communities to preserve and develop their cultural identity
Ley de Pesca y Acuicultura - requires use of TEDs, establishes penalties, allows non-commercial subsistence fishing
Loggerhead, Leatherback, Hawskbill protected (Green Turtle can be taken for subsistence purposes during an open season)
Others: Ley de Caza, Reglamento de Explotación y Prohibición de la Destrucción de las Tortugas (1958), Decreto Ejecutivo Relativo a la Veda de Tortugas en el Océano Atlántico (1972), Decreto de Prohibición de Aprehensión y Caza de Toda Clase de Animales Silvestres y Exportación de Huevos de Tortugas (1977), Ley N 2 (1983) (prohibits hunting of Loggerheads and Hawksbill Turtles), Ley General del Medio Ambiente y los Recursos Naturales, Ley de Normalización Técnica y Calidad, Resolución Ministerial que Establece el Sistema de Vedas de Especias Silvestres Nicaraguenses, Acuerdo Ministerial para el Uso de los Aparatos Exclusores de Tortugas
Responsible Organizations - MARENA
Local Management
Costa RicaCosta RicaDomestic Law
Ley de Protección, Conervación y Recuperación de las Poblaciones de Tortugas Marinas (2002)
Applied international commitments into national law
Penalties for takes
Reiterates TED requirements
Ley de Conservación de Vida Silvestre - protects on land
MINAE Decreto Ejecutivo 26435 (1997) - lists all six marine turtle species occurring in Costa Rica as threatened with extinction
MINAE Decreto Ejecutivo 30364 (2002) - revises penalties for wildlife violations provided by the Wildlife Law 7317
Responsible Organizations - MINAE, SINAC, INCOPESCA, Ministerio de Seguridad Pública and Servicio Nacional de Guardacostas
Local Management
PanamaPanamaKuna Yala People have placed a ban
for 5 years on turtle foraging even when they depend on these resource
The ban last until november 19, 2011; but according to the resolution it might be extended if necessary.
International LawInternational Law
Nicaragua Costa Rica Panama
Protocol Concerning Specifically Protected Areas and Wildlife (SPAW)
No No R
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) R R R
Convention on International Trade of Endangered Species (CITES)
E E E
Convention on Migratory Species (CMS) No No E
Inter-American Convention for the Protection and Conservation of Sea Turtles (IAC)
S R R
Convention on Wetlands of International Importance (Ramsar)
E E E
Key: Ratified (R); Entry into Force (E); Signed (S)
Significant Significant International International AgreementsAgreementsCITES
CMS
Inter-American Convention On The Protection and Conservation Of Sea Turtles
CBD
Ramsar
DR-CAFTA
RecommendationsRecommendationsTripartite Agreement: Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama; or if the case, bi-national agreement between CR and PTY due to their demonstrated will to comply with it
Work with local communities
Awareness: development industry and local communities
Implementation of regional management plans based on nesting and foraging sites
Take into account all applicable domestic, regional and international laws
Economical and ecological sea turtle value identified, measured and accounted to developed a base line for resource management and development.
Questions...Questions...
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