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Terms to know• Conception (Fertilization): The union of an ova and sperm• Embryo (Zygote): Developing cluster of cells after fertilization• Fetus: The unborn developing baby• Umbilical Cord: Cord that transfers nutrients and oxygen

from mother to the embryo/fetus. Attached to body and placenta

• Placenta: Blood, artery and vein sac connected to uterine wall where the umbilical extends from

• Prenatal: Time from conception to birth • Ectopic Pregnancy: Growth of a zygote in a part of the body

other than the uterus. Primarily occurs in fallopian tubes• Identical Twins: Same ova, Same sperm, 1 placenta• Fraternal Twins: 2 different ova, 2 different sperm, 2 placenta

Ovulation - Fertilization - Implantation

How to Determine Pregnancy1. Menstrual Cycle Stops

– Progesterone continues to be produced– HCG hormone is released stimulates growth of placenta

2. Early Physical Signs– Morning sickness (regurgitation), nausea, fatigue– Frequent urination, enlarged breasts, darkening of nipples

3. Early Pregnancy Test– Test to see if HCG hormone is in urine– Get what you pay for

4. Physician’s Diagnosis– Test to see if HCG hormone is in urine – Can be detected as early as one week after missed cycle– Reliable after 6 weeks

5. RIA Test– Test to detect HCG hormone in the blood (Most Accurate)– Can detect HCG hormone in blood 5 days prior to missed cycle

In Illinois, abortion is a choice until the 24th wk of pregnancy After 24 wks, abortion can be performed only if a medical need exists

Fetal development at 28 weeks• The fetus weighs about 2 pounds 6 ounces. • It changes position frequently at this point in pregnancy. • There's a good chance of survival if your baby was born prematurely now.

Fetal development at 32 weeks• Often on the move, the fetus weighs almost 4 pounds. • The baby's skin has less wrinkles as a layer of fat starts to form under the skin. • It will gain up to half its birth weight between now and delivery. • May start leaking colostrum from your breasts (yellowish fluid that precedes milk production). • Visits to the doctor generally occur every two weeks at this stage of pregnancy.

Fetal development at 36 weeks• Babies differ in size, depending on many factors (such as gender, the number of babies being carried, and size of the parents)• On average, it's about 12.5 inches and weighs 5.5 pounds. • The brain has been developing rapidly. • Lungs are nearly fully developed. • The head is usually positioned down into the pelvis by now. • A pregnancy is considered 'at term' once 37 weeks has been completed; baby is ready!

Birth!• A mother's due date marks the end of her 40th week. • A pregnancy begins with implantation and the delivery date can be calculated using the first day of the last period. • Based on this, pregnancy can last between 38 and 42 weeks with a 'full term' delivery occurring around 40 weeks. • For safety reasons, most babies are delivered by 42 weeks, inducing labor if necessary.

Last Trimester typical fetal position