session #23 abcds fall arrest (harel)
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02/05/2016
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The Worldwide Experts
in Fall Protection
Patrick HarelPh- 920-418-2714
pcharel@mmm.com
a 3M Company
62-594 Rev. B
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Do I really need Fall Protection?
•You know what you're doing, its what you've been
trained to do your whole life.
•Nothing could possibly go wrong and it wouldn’t
happen to me anyway.
•You've done it a thousand times.
•You've carefully thought out all the angles.
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Think Again!
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Standards
Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) 29 CFR
1910 and 1926
• Governing Body
• Sets and enforces laws
American National Standard Institute (ANSI) Z359 series various
dates
• Voluntary compliance board
• Sets guidelines for th e manufacture of equipment
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OSHA Definitions
Qualified Person
One who, by possession of a recognized degree, certificate, or professional
standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training and experience, has
successfully demonstrated his ability to solve or resolve problems relating to
the subject matter, the work, or the project.
One who is capable of identifying existing and predictable hazards in the
surroundings or working conditions which are unsanitary, hazardous, or
dangerous to employees, and who has authorization to take prompt corrective
measures to eliminate them.
A person approved or assigned by the employer to perform a specific type of
duty or duties or to be at a specific location or locations at the jobsite.
Authorized Person
Competent Person
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TRIVIA1: Where was the first use of Fall Protection?
1933- Golden Gate Bridge - Netting
4: How many people died during the actual
construction of the Hoover Dam? ( First concrete
poured in June 1933)
1st was J.G Tierney. Coincidentally, his son, Patrick
Tierney, was the last man to die on the dam, 13 years
to the day later.
2: What is the “ Half way to Hell Club”?
Created by the workers who fell into the net
3: How many members where there?
19. 11 workers died from
falls
96
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Fall Protection in the 21st Century
Motivators
• OSHA 1926.502 Sub-part
M
• 29 CFR 1910 Sub-part D
& I
• ANSI
• Liability & Due Diligence
• Insurance
• Ensuring every worker
gets home safely!
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Statistics2014 OSHA Violations
1. Fall Protection = 7,515
2. Hazard Communication = 6,148
3. Scaffolding = 4,968
4. Respiratory Protection = 3,147
5. Powered Indus. Truck = 3,147
2015 OSHA Violations
1. Fall Protection = 6,721
2. Hazard Communication = 5,192
3. Scaffolding = 4,295
4. Respiratory Protection = 3,305
5. Lockout/Tagout = 3,002
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Census of Fatal Occupational Injuries Summary, 2013
Fatal falls, slips, or trips took the lives of 699 workers in 2013
Falls to lower level
Slips/Trips
Falls to a lower level accounted for 574 or about 82% of those fatalities
1 in 4 occurred 10ft or lower and 1/5th occurred over 30ft.
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Hierarchy of Fall Protection
1. Eliminate the Hazard
2. Passive Systems
(Guardrails/Netting)
3. Fall Restraint/ Work Positioning
4. Fall Arrest
5. Administrative Controls
Engineering out the Hazard
62-594 Rev. B
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Passive Fall Protection
Railing 30” to 37”
Guardrail 42”
+/- 3”
62-594 Rev. B
Ladder 24’ and
Higher need Cage
or FP
Fall Restraint
62-594 Rev. B
Fall restraint system
means a fall protection
system that prevents
the user from falling
any distance
Work Positioning System
OSHA 1926.502 (e)
• 2 ft. Free fall limit
• Anchorage
requirement 3000 lbs.
• OSHA considers decent
control/rescue systems
same as work
positioning
62-594 Rev. B
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Fall Arrest
62-594 Rev. B
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Fall Arrest Considerations/Concerns
Clearance
Freefall
Rescue
Energy Absorption
Obstructions
Total Weight ( person + equipment)
Understanding the Equipment and it’s Limitations
Site
Personal
62-594 Rev. B
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Anatomy of a Fall
It takes most people about 1/3 of a second to become aware.
It takes another 1/3 of a second for the body to react.
A body can fall up to 7 feet in 2/3 of a second.
fee
..67 sec./7 feet
1 sec./16 feet
2 sec./64 feet
.33sec./2 feet
.67sec./7 feet
1 sec./16 feet
2 sec./64
feet
10ft – 17MPH
20ft – 24MPH
30ft - 30MPH
40ft – 35MPH
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Components of a Fall Arrest System
ANCHORS
BODY
SUPPORT
CONNECTORS
DESCENT/RESCUE
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Anchorages
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Anchorage Classes
2 to 1 safety factor
As low as 1800 lbs. for OSHA & ANSI Requires 5000 lbs
Non-Certified (Improvised)Certified (Engineered)
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Impact Force M.A.F.Maximum Arresting Force
Anchors<.5000
lbs.
Strength and Stability
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Anchorage Connectors
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Body Support
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Belt vs. Harness
OSHA 1926.502 (d):
“Effective Jan. 1, 1998,
body belts are not
acceptable as part of a
personal fall arrest
system...”
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Proper Use of Belts
Work Positioning Fall Restraint
OSHA
1926.502
(d):
NThe use of a
body belt in a
positioning
device system
is acceptableN
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Full Body Harness
ANSI
Fall Arrest
(always must have)
OSHA 1926.502 (d)
(16) (ii):
Personal fall arrest
systems shall limit
the maximum
arresting force on an
employee to 1,800
pounds (8 kN)
when used with a
body harness.
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Connectors
Connectors include lanyards, snap-
hooks, carabineers, deceleration devices
such as SRD’s, ladder climbing systems,
vertical & horizontal lifelines and rope
grabs
OSHA says�“ [1926.502(e)(5)]:
Connecting assemblies shall have a
minimum tensile strength of 5,000 lbs.
(22 kN)."
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Hardware
Snaphooks Carabineers
(ANSI)-Must be double acting, auto-locking, have 3600 rated
gate, rated for 5000 lbs.
(OSHA)-Must be double acting, Front Load 220lbs, Side
Load 330lbs rated for 5000 lbs.
AND REMEMBER, you cannot connect a SNAPHOOK
to a CARABINER!!
Incompatible Connections
62-594 Rev. B
NOTE: Large throat snap hooks should not be
connected to standard size D-rings or similar
objects which will result in a load on the gate
if the hook or D-ring twists or rotates, unless
the snap hook complies with ANSI Z359.1-
2007 or ANSI Z359.12 and is equipped with a
3,600 lb (16 kN) gate. Check the marking on
your snap hook to verify that it is
appropriate for your application.
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Lanyards
• Many different
types of lanyards
• Needs to be able to
reduce energy from
5000 lbs force toN • 1800 lbs for OSHA
and
• 900 lbs for ANSI
• less is very
common with
shock absorber
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Shock AbsorbersRemember:
• Always connect the shock
pack to the Dorsal D-ring
• Make sure you are not
exceeding the weight limit of
the lanyard
• Never connect two lanyards
together
• Always workout Fall
Clearance
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Fall Clearance
Lanyards
• Measure from anchor point
• Formula – LL + DD + HH + C = RD
• LL= Lanyard Length 6 FT
• DD= Deceleration Distance 3 ½ FT (36”)
• HH= Height of Suspended Worker 7 FT
(Including Harness Stretch)
• C= Safety Factor 1 FT
• RD= Required fall clearance 17 ½ FT
• Some competitors measure from
working surface
• Conservative calculation
62-594 Rev. B
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Self Retracting Devices
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SRD/SRLs
SRL - Self Retracting Lanyard SRD - Self Retracting Device
Classes
Class A: A class A SRD will stop the fall within 24” and ensure the forces are below 1350 lbs.
Class B: a class B SRD will stop the fall within 54” and ensure that the forces are below 900 lbs.
Types
SRL-R: An SRD with some sort of rescue capability, this could be an incorporated winch or automatic descent capability.
SRL-LE: An SRD that has been designed for a worker falling over an edge.
• Will have an integral external shock absorber.
• Will have a cable that can withstand a sharp edge.
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Fall Clearance
•Self Retracting Devices (SRD’s)
(Class B)
• Measured from working surface
• Most SRD’s use 6 ft. as the required
fall clearance distance
• RD= TFD+HS+C = 3.5’+1’+1.5’= 6’
Swing falls will add to required
clearance. As you swing below
anchor point, you get closer to the
level below. PENDELUM
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Fall Clearance
Nano
Starts
at 4 ft.
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Fall Considerations
Swing Fall
Obstructions
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New ANSI Sharp Edge Requirements
Adhering to the most stringent safety standard - ANSI
Z359.14
• Must have an integral shock absorber.
• Must be tested to ensure the cable will not cut on
an edge that is .005” in thickness.
• Must still retract and extend after a fall
• Locking function must still work after a fall
• Must maintain an average arresting force below
900 lbs. And a peak force below 1800lbs.
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SRD - SHARP EDGES
DEFEAT SHARP EDGES EVERY TIME
Sharp edges are found in many leading edge applications
where a traditional lifeline may be cut, shred or snap upon
contact.
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Rescue Plan?
Some Days all
you can do is
smile and wait
for some kind
soul to come
pull your butt
out of the bind
you ’ve gotten
yourself into!
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Rescue Systems
Rollgliss™
R350™ Rescue Positioning
Device (RPD)
RescueMatic™ Evacuation System
Rollgliss™
R550™ Rollgliss™ SRL
Rescue Device
Rollgliss™ Rescue
Ladder
SelfRescue
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Suspension Trauma Straps
DOES NOT
REPLACE
RESCUE!!
•1910.151 – Medical Aid suggested in a letter of interpretation
•4 to 15 minutes
•“if it is potentially life threatening” – 4 minutes
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LETS LOOK AT THE NUMBERS AND MYTHS
6Feet
Authorized???
Qualified??
2Fleet
Fall Clearance???
Weight???
Service Life??
CapacityENERGY ABSORBING
LANYARDS
STANDARD / REGULATIONMAXIMUIM ARRESTING
FORCE PERMITTED
AVERAGE ARRESTING
FORCE PERMITTED
DECELERATION or
MAXIMUM ARREST
DISTANCE
WEIGHT RANGE CLASS/TYPE
OSHA 1910/1926 1800 lbs (8kN) N/A 42” (1.07m)
310 LBS. or if the combined
tool and body weight is 310
pounds (140.62 kg) or
more, systems that meet
the criteria and protocols
contained in appendix B will
be deemed to comply with
the provisions of paragraph
(b)(6) only if they are
modified appropriately to
provide protection for the
extra weight of the
employee and tools.
Re: 1915.159(b)
Criteria for lifelines,
lanyards, and personal fall
arrest systems.
ANSI 359.13 1800 lbs (8kN) 900 lbs (4kN) 54” (1.37m) 130 – 310 LBS.
ANSI 359.13 1800 lbs (8kN) 1350 lbs (6kN) 60” 130 – 310 LBS.
CSA Z259.11-05
4.0 kN - (900 lbs)
(Ambient Dry) or (6kN
1350 lbs Wet and
Frozen)
N/A 1.2m (3.9 ft)45 kg (100 lbs) - 115 kg
(254 lbs)CLASS E4
CSA Z259.2.2-98
6.0 kN - (1300 lbs)
(Ambient Dry) or (8kn
1800 lbs Wet and
Frozen)
(8kN) 1800 lbs
N/A 1.75 m (5.7 ft)90 kg (200 lbs) - 175 kg
(386 lbs)CLASS E6
CapacitySELF RETRACTING DEVICES
STANDARD / REGULATIONMAXIMUIM ARRESTING
FORCE PERMITTED
AVERAGE ARRESTING
FORCE PERMITTED
DECELERATION or
MAXIMUM ARREST
DISTANCE
WEIGHT RANGE CLASS/TYPE
OSHA 1910/1926 1800 lbs (8kN) N/A 42” (1.07m)
310 LBS. or if the combined
tool and body weight is 310
pounds (140.62 kg) or
more, systems that meet
the criteria and protocols
contained in appendix B will
be deemed to comply with
the provisions of paragraph
(b)(6) only if they are
modified appropriately to
provide protection for the
extra weight of the
employee and tools.
Re: 1915.159(b)
Criteria for lifelines,
lanyards, and personal fall
arrest systems.
ANSI 359.14 1800 lbs (8kN) 900 lbs (4kN) 54” (1.37m) 130 – 310 LBS. CLASS B
1800 lbs (8kN) 1350 lbs (6kN) 24" (610mm) 130 – 310 LBS. CLASS A
CSA Z259.2.2-98 (8kN) 1800 lbs N/A (1372mm) 55” (141kg) 310 LBS. TYPE 2 & 3
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Each Manufacture will give there own restrictions
in there Instruction Manuals.
Even though OSHA does not give some of the
restrictions in there standards they will always
say you MUST FOLLOW MANUFACTURES
GUIED LINES
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*If using Diablo with rebar hook configuration, Diablo must
always be worn at harness dorsal D-ring. Rebar
hook must ONLY be connected to compatible structural rebar.
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We have now added an “E” to the A,B,C,D of Fall Protection
Fall Protection for “EQUIPMENT/Tools”
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Were these accidents preventable?
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THANK YOU!
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