sensation & perception - introduction to psychology

Psychology 101

Sensation & Perception

Sensation

 is the process that allows our brains to take in information via our five senses, which can then be experienced an interpreted by the

brain.

Perceptioncan be defined as our recognition and interpretation of sensory information.

Perception also includes how we respond to the information.

Is the primary process by which we obtain knowledge about the world we live in. it involves the taking in of information, through the activity of our sense organs responding to external stimulation (Sensation), followed by the processing of that information to make sense of what we see, hear, smell, taste, and touch.

Perception

PerceptionIs an active process of extracting information from the impingements of energy on our sense organs. When we perceive we interpret, organized, and often elaboration on the raw materials of sensation.

Short ActivityDirection:

Say a word what comes first from your mind when you see this picture

Localization

Constant

RecognitionDiscerning what objects are.

Keeping the appearance of the objects, even if their images in the eye are changing.

To locates objects or determining where objects are.

Major Functions of the Visual Perceptual System

Gestalt Principles of Grouping

Gestalt- A group of influential German Psychologist among them Max Wertheimer, Kurt Koffka and Wolfgang Kohler. They theorized that we perceive figures and forms as whole patterns that are more than simple sum of individual sensation

Localization

4 Laws of Perception

Depth PerceptionKnown as pictorial cues because they are widely used by artist to show three dimensional images on a flat surface.

Relative Size

If an image contains an array of similar objects that differ in size, we interpret the smaller objects as being farther away. This phenomenon works particularly well when we know the true sizes of the objects.

Superimposition

If one is positioned so that it obstructs the view of another, we perceive the overlapping object as near.

Relative HeightAmong similar objects, those that appears higher are perceived as being farther away. The “higher” column perceived as farther behind the “lower” column.

Linear Perspective

When parallel lines appear to meet. They are perceived as vanishing in the distance.

Motion Parallax

Refers to the relative movement of objects at different distances from the observers.

Motion Perception

Localizing an object sometimes requires determining the movement of objects.

Template Theory

When the teacher writes letter “E” on the blackboard, we read it as such after comparing this stimulus to the templates of alphabet forms in our memory to produce the closest match.

Recognition

Prototype Theory

The theory argues that every member of a particular category shares certain key visual attributes.

Feature Theory

These features are extracted from the present stimulus and combined and compared with a bank of such features in permanent memory.

Perceptual ConstanciesConstant

Size Constancy Lightness Constancy Color Constancy

Shape Constancy Location Constancy

Last Activity

SAY the Color but don’t READ the Color

Red

Blue

Green

Yellow

Violet

Black

White

Orange

Thank You once again!!!