seminar on capsule camera

Seminar on Capsule Camera

Prepared by: Ronak vasava

Endoscopy

GI TractEndoscopy—Using an instrument to visually examine the interior of a hollow organ or cavity

Gastrointestinal Endoscopy

Methods of GI Endoscopy

Upper Intestinal EndoscopyColonoscopyX-RaysCT ScansMRISurgery

Capsule Camera is the Solution

Patient feel discomfort by above mentioned techniques

Difficult to diagnose the small intestine disorders

Capsule camera can easily diagnose the small intestine disorders

Introduction“The capsule containing camera used for endoscopy.”It is the noninvasive type device known as M2A capsule endoscopy developed by Israel’s Given Imaging Company for the diagnostic purpose.A small capsule which is not a medication, but rather a single use video color-imaging capsule that hold a microscopic camera gives doctors with better picture of the small bowel than standard X-rays.

Examination Set

Capsule

Sensor Array

Data Recorder

Belt

RAPID Workstation

FeaturesSize:2.5 cm long and 1.1 cm wide

Dimension :11 mm * 26 mm

Weight: 4 gm

Frame Rate: 2 images/second50,000 images are obtained during an 8 hour exam

Magnification: 8x

Capsule coating: non-adherent Disposable

Price: US$450/ each

Power Source:Battery

Made in : ISRAEL

Inside the capsule

Schematic diagram

Functions

Optical Dome:Allows tissue to be in focus even if they are to be in contactLens:Used to increase the Depth of the fieldCMOS Image Sensor:Detects the images White LEDS:To illuminate the area around the capsuleBatteries:Power the capsuleASIC:Allows the integration of video transmitter of sufficient Power output ,Efficiency,bandwidth of small size into capsule

Block Diagram

LIGHT SOURCE (LED)

DATA RECO-RDER

BATTERY

CMOS

IMAGE SENSOR

VIDEO DAC

MICRO-CONTROLLER

RF TRANSMITTER

Continue

Combination of 3 technologies: Improvement of signal to noise ratio,White LED development, ASIC circuits developmentCMOS Detectors: Active Pixel Resolution ,Each pixel is equipped with a buffer amplifierWhite Color LEDS distinguish disease tissue by colorAnalog Transmission:Requires high data rate with lower frequency , so DAC is usedAnalog Video transmitter transmits signal at a 30-800 MHz frequency

Sensor Array

Several Wires are attached to the abdomen like ECG leads to obtain images by radio frequency.These wires are connected to a lightweight data recorder worn on a belt.Used to calculate and indicate the position of capsule in the body.

Data RecorderData recorder receives and records signals transmitted by the camera to an array of sensor placed on the patient’s body.It is of the size of walkmanIt recieves and stores 50000 to 60000 JPEG images on a 9 GB hard driveImages take several hours to download through serial connection.

Belt

A patient wear a receiver belt around his or her waist over clothingA belt is applied around the waist and holds a recording device and a battery pack

RAPID WorkstationReporting and Processing of Images and Data Image data from the data recorder is downloaded to a computer equipped with software called RAPID Application softwareHelps to convert images into a movie and allows the doctor to view the color 3D images .

Fantastic Voyager

Fantastic Voyager

Clinical Image

Small Intestine Imaging in

3 Easy Steps1. Ingesting the M2A® capsule1. Ingesting the M2A® capsule

2. Undergoing the procedure2. Undergoing the procedure

3. Viewing the results3. Viewing the resultsClick on images to view movieClick on images to view movie

ProcedureOver night 12 hour fast Sensors placed on patientPatient wears a belt that contains a battery pack and data recorder. Patient ingests capsule around 8amPatient may have clears two hours after ingestionPatient may have a light lunch 4 hours after ingestionThe patient goes about his or her daily routine while the capsule passes painlessly through the GI tract. Patient returns 7-8 hours laterAfter Downloading images,doctor can view the 3D images and diagnose the problemCapsule Exerts in a normal way,so it is disposable

Average Transit Times

Stomach : 30 to 60 minutes

Small Intestine :4 hours

Capsule Passage: 2- 3 days

Limitations

Capsule Endoscopy does not replace standard diagnostic endoscopy.It is not a replacement for any existing GI imaging technique,Generally performed after a standard endoscopy and colonoscopy.It cannot be controlled once it has been ingested,can not be stopped or steered to collect close-up details It cannot be used to take biopsies, apply therapy or mark abnormalities for surgery.

Continue

It should not be used in people who have A Cardiac pacemakerOther implanted electronic devicesAn intestinal blockageA Significantly narrowed small bowelAn abnormal connection between the bowel and another organ patient

Conclusion

This device is a marvel of microelectronics , which is the emerging and advance technology in the modern medical Science.The Given video capsule endoscopes that does take gastroenterologist on a fantastic voyage in a far away land that has previously not been well explored.New models:1cm *2 cm endoscopes capsule can capture

Discussion

Questions ?Questions ?