semantic web intro - st. patrick's day 2016 update

Introduction to Semantic Web(Meets St. Patrick’s Day)

Eric FranzonSmart Data SEO

Semantic Webis like the harmonica

Easy to play; takes work to master.

What we’ll discuss•What is Semantic Web?•Who’s using it?•What makes it work?•What can you do with it?

What is Semantic Web?

• A Web-scale architecture• A metadata technology• A layer of meaning on the Web• In use TODAY!

What is it not?• A software package

• Something that will ever be “done”

• A replacement for the current Web$19.99

What is it not?• Limited to the public WWW

• A pipe dream

• A silver bullet

• HAL 9000 or Skynet $19.99

• Globally• Inexpensively• In Real-Time

Behind the Firewall

(public)WorldWideWeb

Based on W3C Standards

• Globally• Inexpensively• In Real-Time

Behind the Firewall

SemanticWeb

SPARQL

Based on W3C Standards

History…

• to connect DATA• to make information interpretable by machines

Semantic Web Standardsare used…

Machine Interpretationas the Web Evolves…

Web 1.0 – Linking Documents

Web 1.0

“I see: characters + formatting + images” --my Computer

Web 1.0 – Linking DocumentsWeb 2.0 – Linking People

Web 2.0

“I see: characters + formatting + images” --my Computer

It’s hard to interpret meaning when all you see are characters,

images, and formatting.

Context is critical.

Web 1.0 – Linking DocumentsWeb 2.0 – Linking PeopleWeb 3.0 – Linking Data

Web 3.0 – Linking DataTitle

Format

Band“I see: things + relationships. This is about a collection of music.”

Linking Open Data

Linking Open Data ProjectMay, 2007

September 2011

August 2014

Data from these trusted sourcesis available for you

to use in your applications TODAY.

Data you can LINK to.

Semantic Data that is machine READABLE.

…and machine INTERPRETABLE!

Who’s Using Semantic Web Standards?

• Healthcare / Life Sciences• Financial Services• Manufacturing / Retail• Marketing, Advertising• SEO/SEM• Libraries• Archives• Museums • Governments• Enterprise Software Vendors

Who’s Using Sem Web?

What is schema.org?

“…A collection of schemas, i.e., html tags, that webmasters can use to markup their pages in ways recognized by major search providers.”

e.g. Product Markup

What is schema.org?

What it looks like

What is schema.org?

What it looks like

e.g. TV Episode Markup

What it looks like

What makes SemWeb work?

The Technologies of RDBMS

• Data• Schemas• Query Language

RDBMS Datat_people

City State

Post code

Sean Bozeman MT 59715Erika Missoula MT 59801

RDBMS Schema

RDBMS Query Language: SQL

SELECT isbn, title, price, price * 0.06 AS sales_tax FROM Book WHERE price > 100.00 ORDER BY title;

The Technologies of SemWeb

The Data Language

ResourceDescriptio

nFramewor

“RDF is good for distributing dataacross the Web and pretendingit’s in one place.”-Dean Allemang, Author, Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist

• to connect DATA• to make it interpretableby machines

RDF is used…

1. By uniquely identifying THINGS2. By uniquely identifying

RELATIONSHIPS3. By using TRIPLES

Machine Interpretable - How?

(RDF is made up of triples!)

So, what’s a THING?

1. By uniquely identifying THINGS

A THING is anything that can be uniquely identified by a URI or a literal (string)

MeMy postal codeThe White HouseL.A. County’s sales tax rate

http://about.me/eric.franzon#mehttp://www.city-data.com/zips/59801.html

Lat: 38.89859 Long: -77.0359719.750 %

http://ericfranzon.com/harpcase.jpg

This is a collection of THINGS:

t_peopleName

City State

Post code

Sean Bozeman MT 59715Erika Missoula MT 59801

Who’s your daddy?

RELATIONSHIPS

Is Father of

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="isFather"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Person"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Person"/></owl:ObjectProperty>

http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf#me ns:isFather

ns:isFather

SPOILER

ALERT!!

RELATIONSHIPS3. By using TRIPLES

What’s a triple?

The Building block of RDF

The Triple

Subject ObjectPredicate

Triples? It’s Elementary! (School)

song has title.

This a

Thing ThingRelationshipThat is a Triple!

“This band recorded a song.”

“This recording is part of a collection.”

“This item has a barcode.”

“I like blues.”

“I like B.L.U.E.S.”

“This image can be used non-commercially.”

“My email address is eric@smartdataseo.com.”

Triples? It’s Elementary!

Author Wrote

Written by

Has Title

Publisher

Has PublisherLyrics Has Lyrics

A Simple Graph

Visualization of graph from Pharma space- Cytoscape.org

Where does one store triples?

In a “triple store”• Native Semantic Web stores• RDBMS databases• As native files (.rdf)• Woven into documents (RDFa)• Generated on the fly

Just so you know…There are many ways of representing RDF:

• RDF/XML• N3• JSON-LD

• N-Triples • Turtle• RDFa

Each has pros and cons, but they all connect THINGS and RELATIONSHIPS into TRIPLES

The Schemata

Linked Data schemas consist of:

Your RDF relationships (predicates)+

Relationship descriptions

SemWeb Schemataid First Name Last Name

1 Tom Stockburger

SchemaData

Initial Schema

hasIDhasFirstName hasLastName

Tom Stockburger1

owl:sameAs

hasSurnameRelationship description

1. Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS): Simple, hierarchical classes

2. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS): Port taxonomies to the Semantic Web

3. Web Ontology Language (OWL): Complex logical relationships

Relationship Descriptions

Worldcat.org

• A project of the OCLC

Vocabulary Combination “in the wild”

• Data• Schemas• Query Language(…or “What can you do with it?”)

The query language

SPARQLProtocolAndRDFQueryLanguage

SPARQL

SPARQL allows us to:• Pull values from structured & semi-structured data• Explore data by querying unknown relationships• Perform complex joins of disparate databases in a single, simple query• Transform RDF data from one vocabulary to another--Lee Feigenbaum, Cambridge Semantics

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Chicago, Illinois

On the shores of Lake Michigan, Chicago is one of the major…

<likes>

Chicago, Illinois

<wrote>

<likes>

Chicago, Illinois

<wrote>

<likes>

Ann<hasLicense>

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

What can we ask of a system like this?

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

What does Eric Like?

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

What has a Creative Commons License?

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

What license does THIS document have?

Chicago, Illinois

<likes>

What is liked by anyone who has lived somewhere

that is the subject of a document Ann has written?

A quick note about database types…

Trees and Tablest_people

Name City State Post codeBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

Monte Missoula MT 59801people

MonteBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

CityState Post

codeMissoula MT 59801

CityState Post

Trees and Tables – Problem 1

t_peopleName City State Post

codeflag

Bob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715 1

Monte Missoula MT 59801people

MonteBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

CityState Post

Adding partial data totables leads to sparseness

Trees and Tables – Problem 2

t_peopleName

City State

Post code

Missoula MT 59801

Erika Missoula MT 59801people

ErikaMonte

Missoula MT 59801

CityState Post

Common data leads to (lots!) of duplication

Graphspeople

ErikaMonteCity

Postcode

Missoula

Postcode

SPARQL Queries

SPARQL Example #1(specific endpoint – dbPedia)

Artists/Albums produced by PharrellPREFIX d: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>SELECT ?artistName ?albumNameWHERE { ?album d:producer :Pharrell_Williams . ?album d:musicalArtist ?artist . ?album rdfs:label ?albumName . ?artist rdfs:label ?artistName . FILTER ( lang(?artistName) = "en" ) FILTER (lang(?albumName) = "en" )}

SPARQL Example #1

Musical artists who were born in or have a hometown in Irelandand the acts they performed with.

PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?person ?artist WHERE { ?person foaf:name ?name . ?person rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalArtist> . ?person <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/associatedMusicalArtist> ?artist . { ?person dbo:hometown <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> . } UNION { ?person dbo:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> . }}ORDER BY ?name

SPARQL Example #2

A major retailer ran this query…

associated it with the catalog of albums it sells…

and delivered a set of recommended purchases for St. Patrick’s Day!

• Show me all landlocked countries• With populations > 50,000• Display the country names in English• Eliminate duplicates

PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>SELECT ?country_name ?populationWHERE { ?country a type:LandlockedCountries ; rdfs:label ?country_name ; prop:populationEstimate ?population . FILTER (?population > 15000000 && langMatches(lang(?country_name), "EN")) .} ORDER BY DESC(?population)

SPARQL Query #3

SPARQL Query #3 Results

• Show me all landlocked countries• With populations > 50,000• Display the country names in English• Eliminate duplicates

PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>SELECT ?country_name ?populationWHERE { ?country a type:LandlockedCountries ; rdfs:label ?country_name ; prop:populationEstimate ?population . FILTER (?population > 15000000 && langMatches(lang(?country_name), "RU")) .} ORDER BY DESC(?population)

SPARQL Query #3

Russian

SPARQL Query #3 Results

• 8 KB text file with the .rdf extension• Hosted on my website• Information on me, my interests, and people I know

My FOAF Profile

SPARQL Example #4(generic endpoint)

FOAF (some people that Eric Franzon knows) PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>SELECT ?nameFROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>WHERE { ?knower foaf:knows ?known . ?known foaf:name ?name .}

SPARQL Example #4

Example #4 - Results

2 Disparate Data Sources:2 FOAF Profiles

SPARQL Example #5Querying two FOAF Profiles

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>SELECT ?nameFROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>FROM <http://bosatsu.net/foaf/brian.rdf>WHERE { ?x rdf:type foaf:Person . ?x foaf:name ?name .}

Where’s the Data?

What’sThe

Question?

Another Benefit of querying Linked Data…

Data link to other data!

SPARQL Example #6

1. Find these pieces of information:• Episode number• Airdate • Guest star • Chalkboard gag • Couch gag

2. Order them by Episode number

SPARQL Example #6

Bart Simpson's Linked Data (DBPedia)

SELECT ?epnum ?airdate ?guest_star ?chalkboard_gag ?couch_gag WHERE { ?s dbpedia2:airdate ?airdate . ?s dbpedia2:blackboard ?chalkboard_gag . ?s dbpedia2:guestStar ?guest_star . ?s dbpedia2:episodeNo ?epnum . ?s dbpedia2:couchGag ?couch_gag . } order by ?epnum

SPARQL Example #6

Following the Trail…

And that is how you get from The Simpsons to the

London School of Economics.

Wikidata

One More Thing…

A little bit can be powerful!

Questions? Operators are standing by.

THANK YOU!

eric@smartdataseo.com@EricAxel http://linkedin.com/in/ericfranzonhttps://plus.google.com/+EricFranzon

Resourceshttps://flic.kr/p/6krdsMhttps://flic.kr/p/p9jiDKhttps://flic.kr/p/3q8afLhttps://flic.kr/p/brJs4Ghttps://flic.kr/p/78rsTchttps://flic.kr/p/bpSeR2https://flic.kr/p/pQcWQthttps://flic.kr/p/daKwMLhttps://flic.kr/p/8bpMhFhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dawnmanser/3532853278/http://www.flickr.com/photos/artolog/3983764041/http://www.flickr.com/photos/97964364@N00/59780745/http://www.flickr.com/photos/starwarsblog/http://aldobucchi.comhttp://www.addletters.com/pictures/bart-simpson-generator/3024046.htmhttp://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

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