semantic web intro - st. patrick's day 2016 update

©2016 Eric Axel Franzon

Introduction to Semantic Web(Meets St. Patrick’s Day)

Eric FranzonSmart Data SEO


Semantic Webis like the harmonica


Easy to play; takes work to master.


What we’ll discuss•What is Semantic Web?•Who’s using it?•What makes it work?•What can you do with it?


What is Semantic Web?

• A Web-scale architecture• A metadata technology• A layer of meaning on the Web• In use TODAY!


What is it not?• A software package

• Something that will ever be “done”

• A replacement for the current Web$19.99


What is it not?• Limited to the public WWW

• A pipe dream

• A silver bullet

• HAL 9000 or Skynet $19.99


• Globally• Inexpensively• In Real-Time

Behind the Firewall

(public)WorldWideWeb

HTTP

HTML

Based on W3C Standards


• Globally• Inexpensively• In Real-Time

Behind the Firewall

SemanticWeb

RDF

SPARQL

OWL

Based on W3C Standards


History…

©2016 Eric Axel FranzonIoT Enhancements by Eric Franzon

IoT


• to connect DATA• to make information interpretable by machines

Semantic Web Standardsare used…


Machine Interpretationas the Web Evolves…


Web 1.0 – Linking Documents


Web 1.0

“I see: characters + formatting + images” --my Computer


Web 1.0 – Linking DocumentsWeb 2.0 – Linking People


Web 2.0

“I see: characters + formatting + images” --my Computer


It’s hard to interpret meaning when all you see are characters,

images, and formatting.

Context is critical.


Web 1.0 – Linking DocumentsWeb 2.0 – Linking PeopleWeb 3.0 – Linking Data


Web 3.0 – Linking DataTitle

Price

Format

Cover

Band“I see: things + relationships. This is about a collection of music.”


Linking Open Data


Linking Open Data ProjectMay, 2007


September 2011


August 2014


Data from these trusted sourcesis available for you

to use in your applications TODAY.

Data you can LINK to.


Semantic Data that is machine READABLE.

…and machine INTERPRETABLE!


Who’s Using Semantic Web Standards?


• Healthcare / Life Sciences• Financial Services• Manufacturing / Retail• Marketing, Advertising• SEO/SEM• Libraries• Archives• Museums • Governments• Enterprise Software Vendors

Who’s Using Sem Web?


Who’s Using Sem Web?


What is schema.org?

“…A collection of schemas, i.e., html tags, that webmasters can use to markup their pages in ways recognized by major search providers.”


e.g. Product Markup


What is schema.org?



What it looks like


What is schema.org?



What it looks like


e.g. TV Episode Markup


What it looks like


What makes SemWeb work?


The Technologies of RDBMS

• Data• Schemas• Query Language


RDBMS Datat_people

Name

City State

Post code

Sean Bozeman MT 59715Erika Missoula MT 59801


RDBMS Schema


RDBMS Query Language: SQL

SELECT isbn, title, price, price * 0.06 AS sales_tax FROM Book WHERE price > 100.00 ORDER BY title;


The Technologies of SemWeb



The Data Language

ResourceDescriptio

nFramewor

k


“RDF is good for distributing dataacross the Web and pretendingit’s in one place.”-Dean Allemang, Author, Semantic Web for the Working Ontologist


• to connect DATA• to make it interpretableby machines

RDF is used…


1. By uniquely identifying THINGS2. By uniquely identifying

RELATIONSHIPS3. By using TRIPLES

Machine Interpretable - How?

(RDF is made up of triples!)


So, what’s a THING?

1. By uniquely identifying THINGS



A THING is anything that can be uniquely identified by a URI or a literal (string)

MeMy postal codeThe White HouseL.A. County’s sales tax rate

http://about.me/eric.franzon#mehttp://www.city-data.com/zips/59801.html

Lat: 38.89859 Long: -77.0359719.750 %

http://ericfranzon.com/harpcase.jpg


This is a collection of THINGS:

t_peopleName

City State

Post code

Sean Bozeman MT 59715Erika Missoula MT 59801


Who’s your daddy?


RELATIONSHIPS



Is Father of

<owl:ObjectProperty rdf:ID="isFather"> <rdfs:domain rdf:resource="#Person"/> <rdfs:range rdf:resource="#Person"/></owl:ObjectProperty>

http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf#me ns:isFather

ns:isFather

SPOILER

ALERT!!



RELATIONSHIPS3. By using TRIPLES

What’s a triple?



The Building block of RDF

The Triple


Subject ObjectPredicate

Triples? It’s Elementary! (School)

song has title.

This a

Thing ThingRelationshipThat is a Triple!


“This band recorded a song.”

“This recording is part of a collection.”

“This item has a barcode.”

“I like blues.”

“I like B.L.U.E.S.”

“This image can be used non-commercially.”

“My email address is [email protected].”

Triples? It’s Elementary!


Song

Author Wrote

Written by

Title

Has Title

Publisher

Has PublisherLyrics Has Lyrics

A Simple Graph


Visualization of graph from Pharma space- Cytoscape.org


Where does one store triples?

In a “triple store”• Native Semantic Web stores• RDBMS databases• As native files (.rdf)• Woven into documents (RDFa)• Generated on the fly


Just so you know…There are many ways of representing RDF:

• RDF/XML• N3• JSON-LD

• N-Triples • Turtle• RDFa

Each has pros and cons, but they all connect THINGS and RELATIONSHIPS into TRIPLES


The Schemata

Linked Data schemas consist of:

Your RDF relationships (predicates)+

Relationship descriptions


SemWeb Schemataid First Name Last Name

1 Tom Stockburger

SchemaData

Initial Schema

hasIDhasFirstName hasLastName

Tom Stockburger1

owl:sameAs

hasSurnameRelationship description


1. Resource Description Framework Schema (RDFS): Simple, hierarchical classes

2. Simple Knowledge Organization System (SKOS): Port taxonomies to the Semantic Web

3. Web Ontology Language (OWL): Complex logical relationships

Relationship Descriptions


Worldcat.org

• A project of the OCLC


Vocabulary Combination “in the wild”



• Data• Schemas• Query Language(…or “What can you do with it?”)


The query language

SPARQLProtocolAndRDFQueryLanguage

SPARQL


SPARQL allows us to:• Pull values from structured & semi-structured data• Explore data by querying unknown relationships• Perform complex joins of disparate databases in a single, simple query• Transform RDF data from one vocabulary to another--Lee Feigenbaum, Cambridge Semantics


Eric


<hasDepiction>

Eric


<hasLicense>

<hasDepiction>

Eric


<hasLicense>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

Eric


<hasLicense>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric


<hasLicense>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric


Chicago, Illinois

On the shores of Lake Michigan, Chicago is one of the major…

<hasLicense>

<wrote><hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>

<wrote>

<isAbout>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>

<wrote>

<isAbout>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric

Ann<hasLicense>


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>

<hasLicense> <wrote>

<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric

Ann


What can we ask of a system like this?


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>


<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>


<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

What does Eric Like?

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>


<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

What has a Creative Commons License?

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>


<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

What license does THIS document have?

Eric

Ann


Chicago, Illinois


<hasLicense>


<isAbout>

<livedIn>

<hasDepiction>

<likes>

<likes>

<likes>

What is liked by anyone who has lived somewhere

that is the subject of a document Ann has written?

Eric

Ann


A quick note about database types…


Trees and Tablest_people

Name City State Post codeBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

Monte Missoula MT 59801people

MonteBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

CityState Post

codeMissoula MT 59801

CityState Post

code


Trees and Tables – Problem 1

t_peopleName City State Post

codeflag

Bob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715 1

Monte Missoula MT 59801people

MonteBob Cat

Bozeman MT 59715

CityState Post


CityState Post

code

flag1

Adding partial data totables leads to sparseness


Trees and Tables – Problem 2

t_peopleName

City State

Post code

Monte

Missoula MT 59801

Erika Missoula MT 59801people

ErikaMonte

Missoula MT 59801

CityState Post


CityState Post

code

Common data leads to (lots!) of duplication


Graphspeople

ErikaMonteCity

State

Postcode

Missoula

MT

59801

City

State

Postcode

flag1


SPARQL Queries


SPARQL Example #1(specific endpoint – dbPedia)

Artists/Albums produced by PharrellPREFIX d: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>SELECT ?artistName ?albumNameWHERE { ?album d:producer :Pharrell_Williams . ?album d:musicalArtist ?artist . ?album rdfs:label ?albumName . ?artist rdfs:label ?artistName . FILTER ( lang(?artistName) = "en" ) FILTER (lang(?albumName) = "en" )}


SPARQL Example #1



Musical artists who were born in or have a hometown in Irelandand the acts they performed with.



PREFIX dbo: <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/>

SELECT DISTINCT ?name ?person ?artist WHERE { ?person foaf:name ?name . ?person rdf:type <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/MusicalArtist> . ?person <http://dbpedia.org/ontology/associatedMusicalArtist> ?artist . { ?person dbo:hometown <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> . } UNION { ?person dbo:birthPlace <http://dbpedia.org/resource/Republic_of_Ireland> . }}ORDER BY ?name


SPARQL Example #2


SPARQL Example #2

A major retailer ran this query…

associated it with the catalog of albums it sells…

and delivered a set of recommended purchases for St. Patrick’s Day!


• Show me all landlocked countries• With populations > 50,000• Display the country names in English• Eliminate duplicates

PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>SELECT ?country_name ?populationWHERE { ?country a type:LandlockedCountries ; rdfs:label ?country_name ; prop:populationEstimate ?population . FILTER (?population > 15000000 && langMatches(lang(?country_name), "EN")) .} ORDER BY DESC(?population)

SPARQL Query #3


SPARQL Query #3 Results


• Show me all landlocked countries• With populations > 50,000• Display the country names in English• Eliminate duplicates

PREFIX type: <http://dbpedia.org/class/yago/>PREFIX prop: <http://dbpedia.org/property/>SELECT ?country_name ?populationWHERE { ?country a type:LandlockedCountries ; rdfs:label ?country_name ; prop:populationEstimate ?population . FILTER (?population > 15000000 && langMatches(lang(?country_name), "RU")) .} ORDER BY DESC(?population)

SPARQL Query #3

Russian


SPARQL Query #3 Results


• 8 KB text file with the .rdf extension• Hosted on my website• Information on me, my interests, and people I know

My FOAF Profile


SPARQL Example #4(generic endpoint)

FOAF (some people that Eric Franzon knows) PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>SELECT ?nameFROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>WHERE { ?knower foaf:knows ?known . ?known foaf:name ?name .}


SPARQL Example #4


Example #4 - Results


2 Disparate Data Sources:2 FOAF Profiles


SPARQL Example #5Querying two FOAF Profiles

PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/>PREFIX rdf: <http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#>SELECT ?nameFROM <http://ericaxel.com/eric.rdf>FROM <http://bosatsu.net/foaf/brian.rdf>WHERE { ?x rdf:type foaf:Person . ?x foaf:name ?name .}


Where’s the Data?

What’sThe

Question?


Another Benefit of querying Linked Data…

Data link to other data!

SPARQL Example #6


1. Find these pieces of information:• Episode number• Airdate • Guest star • Chalkboard gag • Couch gag

2. Order them by Episode number

SPARQL Example #6


Bart Simpson's Linked Data (DBPedia)

SELECT ?epnum ?airdate ?guest_star ?chalkboard_gag ?couch_gag WHERE { ?s dbpedia2:airdate ?airdate . ?s dbpedia2:blackboard ?chalkboard_gag . ?s dbpedia2:guestStar ?guest_star . ?s dbpedia2:episodeNo ?epnum . ?s dbpedia2:couchGag ?couch_gag . } order by ?epnum

SPARQL Example #6


SPARQL Example #6


Following the Trail…


And that is how you get from The Simpsons to the

London School of Economics.


Wikidata


One More Thing…


A little bit can be powerful!


Questions? Operators are standing by.

THANK YOU!

[email protected]@EricAxel http://linkedin.com/in/ericfranzonhttps://plus.google.com/+EricFranzon


Resourceshttps://flic.kr/p/6krdsMhttps://flic.kr/p/p9jiDKhttps://flic.kr/p/3q8afLhttps://flic.kr/p/brJs4Ghttps://flic.kr/p/78rsTchttps://flic.kr/p/bpSeR2https://flic.kr/p/pQcWQthttps://flic.kr/p/daKwMLhttps://flic.kr/p/8bpMhFhttp://www.flickr.com/photos/dawnmanser/3532853278/http://www.flickr.com/photos/artolog/3983764041/http://www.flickr.com/photos/97964364@N00/59780745/http://www.flickr.com/photos/starwarsblog/http://aldobucchi.comhttp://www.addletters.com/pictures/bart-simpson-generator/3024046.htmhttp://richard.cyganiak.de/2007/10/lod/

semantic web intro - st. patrick's day 2016 update

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