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Cellular Communication Systems Page 1 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Organization in LTE
Prof. Dr.-Ing. habil. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
M.Sc. Nauman Zia
M.Sc. Stephen Mwanje
Cellular Communication Systems Page 2 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Outline
• Introduction
• Functionalities of Self-Organizing Networks (SONs)
• Architectures of SONs
• Use Cases
• Coordination
• References
Cellular Communication Systems Page 3 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Introduction
Cellular Communication Systems Page 4 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Organizing Systems
C S3
C S5
C S1
C S4
C S2
Local
interactions
(environment,
neighborhood
)
Local
system
control
Simple
local
behavior C S6
Cellular Communication Systems Page 5 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
TOTal EXpenditures (TOTEX)
• TOTal EXpenditures (TOTEX)
– CAPital EXpenditures (CAPEX) determine the direction and
level of investment telecommunications carriers make (in
network equipment as well as services)
• CAPEX is based on a combination of two primary factors
– Number of customers served
– Volume of services provided
– OPerational EXpenditures (OPEX): running cost
• Growing wireless markets imply growing OPEX
Cellular Communication Systems Page 6 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Wireless TOTEX Allocations (2007, USA)
39 %
5 % 12 %
9 %
4 %
17 %
14 %
Cell sites Backhaul Switching
Towers/scheletrs DC power gensets ESI
Billing, OSS
Cell site investments:
BSs radios, RF subsystem
(antennas, coaxial cable,
filters) and RF power
amplifiers (no tower and
equipment shelters)
Network operation,
maintenance, training, etc. Site location, RF interference
studies, site acquisition, and
site engineering activities
OPEX
ESI: Enhanced Service Initiative
Cellular Communication Systems Page 7 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Drivers For Self-Organization
• High complexity and high number of parameters
• Operation of heterogeneous networks
• Expanding number of Base Stations (BSs)
– Introducing of home evolved NodeBs (eNBs) leads to a huge
number of nodes to be operated in multi-vendor scenarios
OPEX is expanding
• Reduction of OPEX requires reducing human
interactions by
– Configuring and optimizing the network automatically while
allowing the operator to be the final control instance
• High quality must be ensured SONs are essential
Cellular Communication Systems Page 8 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Functionalities Of SONs
Cellular Communication Systems Page 9 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Functionalities Of SONs
Self-Configuration
(plug and play)
Self-Optimization
(auto-tune)
Self-Healing
(auto-repair)
Se
lf-Pla
nn
ing
(dynm
ic re
-com
puta
tion)
• Auto-setup
• Auto- neighbor
detection
• ...
• Coverage & capacity
• Mobility robustness
• Load balancing
• ...
• HW/SW failure
detection
• Cell outage detection
• ...
Cellular Communication Systems Page 10 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Configuration
• Definition
– “The process where newly deployed eNBs are configured by
automatic installation procedures to get the necessary basic
configuration for system operation”
• Works in preoperational state
• How
– Create logical associations with the network
– Establishment of necessary security contexts (providing a secure
control channel between new elements and servers in the
network)
– Download configuration files from a configuration server (using
NETCONF protocol)
– Doing a self-test to ensure that everything is working as intended
Cellular Communication Systems Page 11 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Configuration
eNB
eNB
eNB
1. IP address allocation, self-
configuration subsystem detection GW
4. Transport and radio configuration
Self-configuration
subsystem
Normal
OAM subsystem
OAM subsystem
Cellular Communication Systems Page 12 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Optimization
• Definition
– “The process where User Equipments’ (UE) and eNBs’
performance measurements are used to auto tune the network”
• Works in operational state
• How
– Optimizing the configuration while taking into account regional
characteristics of radio propagation, traffic and UEs mobility
– Analysis of statistics and deciding what are optimal parameters
– Detecting problems with quality, identifies the root cause, and
automatically takes remedial actions
• Examples: neighbor list optimization, coverage
optimization, etc.
Cellular Communication Systems Page 13 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Self-Healing
• Definition
– “The process enabling the system detecting the problems by
itself and mitigating them whilst avoiding user impact and
reducing maintenance costs”
• Works in operational state
• End-to-end service recovery time should be < 1 sec
• How
– Automated fault detection
– Root cause identification
– Recovery actions application
– If fault cannot be resolved, do some actions to avoid
performance degradation
Cellular Communication Systems Page 14 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Architectures Of SONs
Cellular Communication Systems Page 15 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Requirements & Taxonomy
• Support of network sharing between network operators
• Providing an easy transition from operator controlled
(open loop) to autonomous (closed loop) operation
• Three architecture
– Centralized SON
– Distributed SON
– Hybrid SON
Cellular Communication Systems Page 16 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Centralised SON
• SON algorithms are executed in the
OAM System
• SON functionalities reside in a
small number of locations at a high
level in the architecture
• Pros
– Easy to deploy and to manage
• Cons
– OAM is vendor specific (multi-vendor
optimization is problematic)
– Not applicable for situations where self-
organization tasks should be fast
eNB eNB
OAM OAM
Centralized OAM
Itf-N
SON
SON SON
Cellular Communication Systems Page 17 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Distributed SON
• SON functionalities reside in the
eNB at the lower level of
network architecture
• Fully autonomous distributed
RAN optimization
• Pros
– Applicable for situations where self-
organization task should be
achieved fast
• Cons
– Hard to deploy and manage
– X2 interfaces should be extended
eNB eNB
OAM OAM
Centralized OAM
Itf-N
SON SON
Cellular Communication Systems Page 18 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Hybrid SON
• Idea is to push some of the SON
functionalities on the eNB itself
and some on OAMs
• Pros
– Best exploit of the benefits of SONs
– Allowance for a high degree of
automation guarantee, control and
inspection
• Cons
– Hard to deploy and manage
– Requiring of multiple interfaces
extensions
eNB eNB
OAM OAM
Centralized OAM
Itf-N
SON
SON SON
SON SON
Cellular Communication Systems Page 19 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Use Cases
Cellular Communication Systems Page 20 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
What Are The Use Cases Defined In 3GPP?
• Physical cell-ID automatic configuration (PCI)
• Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR)
• Coverage and capacity optimization (CCO)
• Energy saving
• Interference reduction
• Inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC)
• Random Access Channel (RACH) optimization
• Mobility load balancing optimization (MLB)
• Mobility robust optimization (MRO)
Cellular Communication Systems Page 21 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Physical Cell-ID Automatic Configuration
• Goal
– Automatically configure the physical Cell-ID (collision and
confusion free assignment of physical Cell-ID)
• Works in preoperational state
– A part of self-configuration procedure
• Main limitation is that there are only 504 physical Cell-
IDs available
• Solution
– eNB-based solution (distributed solution)
– OAM-based solution (centralized solution)
Cellular Communication Systems Page 22 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Physical Cell-ID Automatic Configuration
• eNB-based solution (distributed solution)
– eNB chooses an arbitrary Cell-ID
– eNB instructs UEs to do measurements, collects and analyses
measurements results
– eNB starts communicating with neighbors using X2 interfaces
– In case the eNB has detected a conflict, a new Cell-ID is
assigned and the procedure is repeated again
• OAM-based solution (centralized solution)
– eNB instructs UEs to do measurements, collects and sends the
results to the OAM
– The OAM assigns a Cell-ID to the eNB
– Cell-ID assigning procedure may require doing updates to other
eNBs in the network
Cellular Communication Systems Page 23 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR)
• Relations between neighbor eNBs should be carefully
determined since they affect the network performance
– Handoff performance, call dropping probability, etc.
x2 x2 x2
eNB1
eNB2
eNB3
eNB4 The mobiles residing in
the range of eNB2 may
move to either eNB1 or
eNB3 an in advance
actions maybe done to
optimize the performance
(resources reservation)
Cellular Communication Systems Page 24 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Automatic Neighbor Relation (ANR)
• ANRs covers following steps
– Neighbor cell discovery
• eNB instructs UEs to do measurements
• New joined eNBs are detected based on the analysis of measurment
results
– Configuration of X2 interfaces between eNBs
– Connection setup with neighbor eNBs
– ANR optimization
• Update as new eNBs join/disjoin the network
• How to accurately optimize the neighbor relation is still an open
issue till now
• Some steps work in preoperational state, while some
others work in operational state
Cellular Communication Systems Page 25 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Coverage & Capacity Optimization
• Goal
– Maximizing the capacity while ensuring coverage requirements
• Holes free coverage
• Improved capacity with given resources
• Works in operational state
• 3 Cases
LTE coverage holes within
other Radio Access
Technologies (RATs)
• QoS degradation due to
frequent inter RAT handoffs
Non LTE coverage LTE coverage
LTE cell smaller
than planned
Cellular Communication Systems Page 26 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Coverage & Capacity Optimization
– LTE coverage holes and no alternative RAT
• Significant call drops due to coverage holes
Cellular Communication Systems Page 27 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Coverage & Capacity Optimization
– Isolated LTE cells
• Coverage blackouts in network’s border areas
Cellular Communication Systems Page 28 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Coverage & Capacity Optimization
• Solution
– Update the BS parameters
such as height, azimuth, tilt
and Tx power
Cellular Communication Systems Page 29 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Energy Saving
• Goal
– Reduction of OPEX by saving energy resources
• Works in operational state
• How can energy be saved
– Tx power optimization
• Minimal saving but possible throughout the day
– Switching off some of the Tx of a cell
• Possible where antenna diversity is not required
– Complete eNB switch off
• Maximum saving but possible only during low load times
• Also if users are away from home eNB and closed subscriber group
cells
Cellular Communication Systems Page 30 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Interference Reduction
• Goal
– Improving the network performance by means of reducing the
interference between its equipments
• Works in operational state
• Many limitations due to the applied frequency band
– Interference depends on frequency band characteristics
• Solutions
– Decrease eNBs density
• Hard to apply due to the capacity decrease and the existence of
home eNBs that are not under the control of the network operator
– Power control and/or reconfigure the wireless setup
– Interference cancellation, coordination and randomization
Cellular Communication Systems Page 31 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Inter-Cell Interference Coordination
• Soft frequency reuse
Cellular Communication Systems Page 32 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
RACH Optimization
• RACH is an uplink unsynchronized channel for initial
access or uplink synchronization
• RACH is involved in many situations
– Connection setup, radio link failure, handover, etc.
• Delay to access to RACH influences many other tasks
– Call setup/handoff delay and success rate
– Capacity of the whole network (due to physical resources
reserved for RACH)
Cellular Communication Systems Page 33 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
RACH Optimization
• Delay to access to RACH depends on current network
parameters
– Transmission power, handover threshold, etc. changing
networks parameters requires optimizing the RACH
• Solution
– eNB does measurements
• For instance, random access delay, random access success rate,
random access load, etc.
– Based on measurements results, RACH is optimized
• Optimization is done by configuring parameters like RACH physical
resources, RACH persistence level and backoff control, RACH
transmission power control, etc.
Cellular Communication Systems Page 34 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Load Balancing
Overload
Normal load
Cellular Communication Systems Page 35 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Load Balancing
Overloaded Cells
Cellular Communication Systems Page 36 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Load Balancing Strategies
1. Downlink (DL) power modification, i.e. pilot power
and/or antenna tilt
- Degrades indoor coverage in reduced power cells
- Requires over provisioning of power amplifiers in increased
power cells
2. Handover (HO) parameter modification
+ Overcomes the cons of DL power modification method
- Load balancing (LB) can only be achieved if neighbors have
free resources
Cellular Communication Systems Page 37 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Mobility Load Balancing (MLB)
• LB optimization by modifying HO parameters
– Advance HO in case of overloaded cell
– Delay HO in case of normal loaded cell
Cellular Communication Systems Page 38 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Handover Algorithm
RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power
Hys: Hysteresis
CIO: Cell Individual Offset
TTT: Time to Trigger
P: Preparation time
CIOS
CIOt
(RSRPt+CIOt) – (RSRPs+CIOs) > Hys
Source
Cell s
Target
Cell t
Hys
HO
Command
HO
Decision
Start of
TTT
P
RSRP
[dBm]
Time
Cellular Communication Systems Page 39 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
MLB Optimization
Cell Load
information
CIO RSRP
information
MLB
Algorithm
RSRP: Reference Signal Received Power
CIO: Cell Individual Offset
Cellular Communication Systems Page 40 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Handover Optimization
Hys
Filtered RSRP
[dB]
• Optimize HO performance
amidst mobility
– Hence Mobility Robustness
Optimization
• Control
– Hysteresis (Hys)
– Time to Trigger (TTT)
• A3 entry condition [1]
[1] 3GPP “E-UTRA Radio Resource Control (RRC) Protocol specification (Release 8)” TS 36.331 V8.16.0 (2011-12)
(RSRPt+CIOt) – (RSRPs+CIOs) >
Hys
Cellular Communication Systems Page 41 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
MRO • Aim: Maintaining few HOs and HO
oscillations (Ping-Pongs), minimize Radio
Link Failures (RLF) due to [2]:
– Late HOs: UE leaves coverage cell before HO is
complete
– Early HOs: island coverage of cell B inside cell A’s
coverage or UE handed over before cell B is steadily
better than cell A
– HO to wrong cell: improper settings between cells A
and B → UE handed to cell C when should have been
handed to cell B
• E.g. due to PCI confusion
HO
Triggering
RLF
[2] 3GPP TR 36.902 V0.0.1, “Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access Network (E-UTRAN); Self-configuration and self-optimizing
network use cases and solutions”
RLF
HO Triggering
RLF
Cellular Communication Systems Page 42 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
MRO: Approaches in Literature • Studies have applied expert knowledge control loops to search through the
Hys-TTT parameter space [3,4,5,6]
[3] T Jansen, I Balan, I Moerman, T Kürner, “Handover parameter optimization in LTE self-organizing networks”, Proceedings of the
IEEE 72nd Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2010-Fall) (Ottawa, Canada, 2010).
[4] I. Bălan, B. Sas, T. Jansen, I. Moerman, K. Spaey and P. Demeester, “An enhanced weighted performance-based handover
parameter optimization algorithm for LTE networks” EURASIP Journal on Wireless Communications and Networking 2011, 2011:98.
[5] Gao Hui and Peter Legg, “Soft Metric Assisted Mobility Robustness Optimization in LTE Networks”, Proceedings of the 9th
International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2012), August 2012, pp.1-5.
[6] S. Mwanje, N. Zia, A. Mitschele-Thiel, “Self organised Handover parameter configuration for LTE”, Proceedings of the 9th
International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2012), August 2012, pp.26-30.
A typical search through parameter space by
evaluating HO performance for different
configurations [6]
Two possible Hys-TTT parameter search
strategies – Diagonal & Diagonal - zigzag
[4]
Cellular Communication Systems Page 43 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
MRO Alternative Approach: Q-Learning • Challenge: Network Mobility changes with time
– configurations should keep track
• Multiple Configurations for different mobility states.
1.State
Network Q-MRO 2. Action
3.Reward
According to No. Radio Link
Failures, Ping-Pongs, HO
successes
Change Hys
and/or TTT
Mobility in cell –
mean, spread, ….
• HO Aggregate Performance
(HOAP) converges [7]
[7] Stephen S. Mwanje, Andreas Mitschele-Thiel, Distributed Cooperative Q-Learning for mobility sensitive
Handover Optimization in LTE SON , Proceeding of 2014 IEEE Symposium on Computers and Communications
(ISCC 2014) , Madeila, Portugal, Juni 2014
Cellular Communication Systems Page 44 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Impact of MLB on HO Performance
• MLB leads to worse link conditions for HO signaling
because of advanced HOs
• HO performance optimization might counteract by
changing HO parameters
• May lead to instabilities and oscillating behavior
Cellular Communication Systems Page 45 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Coordinating SON Use Cases
Cellular Communication Systems Page 46 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
SON Design and Operational Challenge • Use Cases (UCs) conflict within and across cells
CELL 1A
MRO
CC
O
MLB
ICIC
….
CELL 2C
MRO
CC
O
MLB
ICIC
….
CELL 1B
MRO
CC
O
MLB
ICIC
….
Base
Station 1
Base
Station 2
MLB: Mobility Load balancing (MLB)
MRO: Mobility Robustness (Handover) Optimization
CCO: Coverage and Capacity Optimization
ICIC: Inter Cell Interference Coordination
Possible Conflicts / dependencies
Intra-cell
Inter cell, intraBS - same UC
Inter cell, intraBS - different UCs
NB: Inter BS == inter cell
Cellular Communication Systems Page 47 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Example: Load Balancing vs. MRO
• Metric Value Conflict (MVC)
Load
Metric MLB
CIO
HO
Metrics MRO
Hys
TTT
HO Aggregate Performance
Radio Link Failure rates
oLate HO (FL)
oEarly HO (FE)
Ping-Pong rate (P)
HO rate (H)
Overload leads to
→ Reduced throughput
→ user dissatisfaction
QMRO
QL
B
Cellular Communication Systems Page 48 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Example: Need for Coordination • Both No. Unsatisfied users and HOAP performance degrade
Post learning: HO degradation vs. change in no. of Unsatisfied users [8] C
ha
ng
e in
Change
[8] Stephen S. Mwanje „Coordinating Coupled Self-Organized Network Functions in Cellular Radio Networks“,
Doctoral Thesis, submitted Sept. 2014.
System Description
Ref Reference System with
good HO performance
QMRO Q-learning MRO solution
QLB Q-learning LB solution
QMRO+
QLB
Both solution
simultaneously active
Cellular Communication Systems Page 49 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Proposed Approaches
• Functional parameter Groups [9,10]
– Many parameters belong to a single group
• Coordination and Control [9,10]
– Rules required for each set of UCs and
relationship
• Temporal separation [11,12]
– Suboptimal performance in disallowed UCs
[9] T. Jansen, et al, “Embedding Multiple Self-Organization Functionalities in Future Radio Access Networks”, 69th Vehicular
Technology Conference, VTC2009-Spring, Barcelona, Spain, 2009
[10] SOCRATES Deliverable D5.9: “Final Report on Self-Organization and its Implications in Wireless Access Networks”, EU
STREP SOCRATES (INFSO-ICT-216284), Dec2010
[11] Tobias Bandh , Lars Christoph Schmelz, “Impact-time Concept for SON-Function Coordination”, in Proceedings of the
9th International Symposium on Wireless Communication Systems (ISWCS 2012), August 2012, pp.16-20.
[12] Kostas Tsagkaris, et al, “SON Coordination in a Unified Management Framework”, in Proceedings of the 77th Vehicular
Technology Conference, VTC2013-Spring, Dresden, Germany, 2013
Cellular Communication Systems Page 50 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Alternative: Spatial-Temporal scheduling
• Spatio-Temporal scheduling with “ UC accounting for effects to
others”
• Avoid Concurrency among cells - Cluster cells in a Multi-frame
• Avoid Concurrency among UCs - Allocate UCs Time slots in a frame
1
1
1
2 3
4
5
6
7
1 in very 7 cells is
active
frame
cluster
1
Cluster
3
Cluster
1
Cluster
2
cluster
2
multi-frame n multi-frame n+1
Cluster
1
multi-frame n+2
MRO
CCO
MLB
ICIC
cell a
cell a
multi-frame n
Cluster 1 frame
multi-frame n+1 multi-frame n+2
cell b
cell b
cell b
cell a
Cellular Communication Systems Page 51 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
Conclusions
• Future mobile communication networks will be much more dynamic and hard to manage SONs are a necessity – Optimize the performance
– Reduce OPEX
• Three Architecture for SON – Centralized, distributed and Hybrid
• Algorithms for SON Functions & UCs are active problems – New solutions/approaches are required and expected
• Very important: SONs should allow the network operator to be the instance capable of doing any required changes
Cellular Communication Systems Page 52 Prof. Dr.-Ing. Andreas Mitschele-Thiel
Integrated Communication Systems
www.tu-ilmenau.de/ics
References
• LTE self-organizing networks (SON): network management automation for operational efficiency, edited by Seppo Hämäläinen et al.
• Self-organizing networks: self-planning, self-optimization and self-healing for GSM, UMTS and LTE, edited by Juan Ramiro et al.
• Self-Organizing Networks (SON):Concepts and Requirements, 3GPP TS 32.500 V0.3.1 (2008-07)
• LTE Operations and Maintenance Strategy, white paper http://www.motorola.com/staticfiles/Business/Solutions/Industry%20Solutions/Service%20Providers/Network%20Operators/LTE/_Document/Static%20Files/LTE%20Operability%20SON%20White%20Paper.pdf
• OAM Architecture for SON, 3GPP TSG SA WG5 & RAN WG3 LTE Adhoc, R3-071244 ,13th – 14th June 2007
• Self-X RAN, http://www.wiopt.org/pdf/WiOpt09_Keynote_Speech3.pdf
• Self-Organizing Networks, NEC's Proposals For Next-Generation Radio Network Management, http://www.nec.com/global/solutions/nsp/mwc2009/images/SON_whitePaper_V19_clean.pdf, February 2009
• Self Organizing Networks: A Manufacturers View, ICT Mobile Summit Santander, Spain, June 2009
• S. Feng, E. Seidel, Self-Organizing Networks (SON) in 3GPP Long Term Evolution, http://www.nomor.de/uploads/gc/TQ/gcTQfDWApo9osPfQwQoBzw/SelfOrganisingNetworksInLTE_2008-05.pdf
• Next Generation Mobile Networks Beyond HSPA and EVDO, NGMN Alliance, December 2006
• NGMN Recommendation on SON and O&M Requirements, NGMN Alliance, December 2008
• NGMN Use Cases related to Self Organizing Network, Overall Description, NGMN Alliance, December 2008
• E. Bogenfeld, I. Gaspard, “Self-X in Radio Access Networks”, end-to-end efficiency FP7 Project, December 2008
• Self-organizing Networks (SON) in 3GPP Long Term Evolution, Nomor Research GmbH, May 2008
• Self-configuring and Self-optimizing Network Use Cases and Solutions. 3GPP TR36902 v1.2.0, June 2009
• SOCRATES, http://www.fp7-socrates.org/
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