selection of slides green building summit, istanbul
Post on 09-May-2015
5.615 Views
Preview:
DESCRIPTION
TRANSCRIPT
New York City’s Energy Efficiency PoliciesAn In-Depth Look at NYC’s Greener, Greater Buildings Plan
February 20, 2012
By 2030, nearly one million more people will live in NYC
New York City also faces challenges from climate change
NYC Projected Mean Annual Temperature NYC Projected Sea Levels
Source: NYC Panel on Climate Change
Open Space
Brownfields
Housing1
Water Quality
PlaNYC focused on nine issues:
In 2007, Mayor Bloomberg released a comprehensive sustainability plan to create a greener, greater city
Water Network
Water Quality
Energy
Transportation
Air Quality
Climate Change
Buildings dominate NYC’s carbon footprint…
New York City has launched three major energy efficiency policies
• The most comprehensive energy efficiency policy launched by any American municipality
• The City launched a task force to “green” the city’s codes. 51 of the 111 regulatory proposals would result in reduced energy use in buildings
• NYC has issued requirements for progress inspections in ramping up Energy Code enforcement
30 x 17 & The Mayoral Challenges
to Hospitals & Universities
• Impacts properties over 50,000 sf, and includes required benchmarking and disclosure; audits and retro-commissioning, lighting upgrades and sub-meters
• Will reduce citywide CO2 emissions by at least 5%
• Accelerated energy efficiency in sectors poised to move more quickly: municipal operations, universities, and hospitals
• All pledged 30% CO2 reductions in 10 years
The central policy addresses existing buildings
The next three laws address the largest buildings
New York has 1 million buildings,
But the largest 16,000 properties (less than 2%) account for almost half of the city’s overall emissions
Large buildings will measure their efficiency annually
Why Benchmark?
• Transparency• Market Transformation• Large scale source of data on building efficiency
Requirements
• All buildings over 50,000 square feet• Annually submit energy and water • Annually submit energy and water consumption using EPA’s Portfolio Manager
Public Disclosure
• September 1, 2011 – City government buildings• September 1, 2012 – Non-residential buildings• September 1, 2013 – Residential buildings
And perform an energy audit and retro-commissioning every 10 years
Why conduct an energy audit or perform retro-commissioning?
• To identify cost effective energy efficiency upgrades• Re-tune systems in an existing building to achieve better performance, energy savings, and quick paybacks
Requirements
• ASHRAE Level 2 Energy Audit• Retro-commissioning according to check-list provided by the City• Retro-commissioning according to check-list provided by the City• Include all “base” building systems – HVAC, electrical and lighting, domestic hot water, building envelope and conveying systems
Schedule
• Every 10 years starting in 2013 on a staggered schedule
Non-residential space will have to upgrade lighting and install sub-meters
Why upgrade lighting or install sub-meters?
• Lighting accounts for over 22% of energy use in buildings citywide and upgrades have proven to pay for themselves within 6-18 months
• Since many tenants are unaware of how much energy they are consuming, sub-metering and providing information can help tenants take action to reduce their energy consumption
Requirements
• Upgrade lighting systems in all space types, except residential, to meet the requirements of the energy code
• Install sub-meters on all floors over 10,000 square feet and for all tenants, except residential, over 10,000 square feet
• Submit monthly electrical statements to tenants
Schedule
• To be completed by January 1, 2025
Impacts of Greener, Greater Buildings Plan by 2030
• Reducing citywide carbon emissions • The laws will cut greenhouse gas emissions by more
than 5% -- the greatest impact of any individual policy
• Job creation • Job creation • 20,000 skilled, local jobs, and making NYC a knowledge
center for energy efficiency
• Cost savings • Reduced annual energy costs of $750 million citywide
Lighting Phase-In eere.energy.gov
1
Buildings in the 21st Century:Innovative Technologies and Strategies to Significantly Increase Building Related Energy Efficiency
Roland RisserProgram ManagerBuilding Technologies ProgramFebruary 21, 2012
Building Energy Use in the U.S.…
28%22%
40%
Total U.S. Energy ConsumptionProjected Total U.S. Energy Use
Buildings in the 21st Century Buildings.energy.gov
2
32%18%
40%
Buildings also account for 73% of U.S. Electricity Consumption and 55% of Natural Gas Consumption
Industrial / Transportation
Source: Building Energy Data Book Source: Energy Information Agency
DOE Building Technologies Program (BTP) Pursues an Overarching Goal
Reduce Building-Related Energy Use 50% by 2030
25.000
30.000
35.000
40.000
2030
ann
ual e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
nPr
imar
y TB
TUs
CommercialMELs
Commercial Lighting
CommercialWashing & drying
Commercial Cooking
Commercial Refrigeration
Commercial Water Heating
CommercialVentilation
Commercial Space Cooling
80%70%50%30%
Buildings in the 21st Century Buildings.energy.gov
3
-
5.000
10.000
15.000
20.000
BAUconsumption
Current economic potential
Our goal(with R&D)
Technicalpotential
Thermodynamiclimit
2030
ann
ual e
nerg
y co
nsum
ptio
nPr
imar
y TB
TUs
Commercial Space Cooling
Commercial Space Heating
ResidentialMELs
Residential Lighting
ResidentialWashing & drying
Residential Cooking
Residential Refrigeration
Residential Water Heating
Residential Space Cooling
Residential Space Heating
Source: BTP Prioritization tool, NAS, McKinsey.
• Research & Development– Develop technology roadmaps– Solicit/select technology solutions– Solve technical barriers and test
innovations to prove effectiveness
• Market Stimulation– Identify barriers to adoption– Increase product/service use– Work through policy, adoption, and
The Building Technologies Program Uses an Integrated Approach to Deliver Value
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
4
– Work through policy, adoption, and financial barriers
– Provide technical assistance and training
• Codes and Standards– Establish minimum energy use– Protect consumer interests– Reduce market confusion– Enhance competitiveness and
profitability – Expand portfolio of energy efficient
appliances and equipment
BTP’s three key approaches interact with each other to make energy efficient technologies and practices widely available and create lasting changes in the market.
DOE’s Portfolio of Research in Advanced Technologies –Whole Building Approach
Window air conditioning
Advanced refrigerator technology
Solid state lightingAdvanced windows
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
6
Heating, ventilating, air conditioning, water heating, and working fluids
Building Envelope: Next generation attic and roof systems
Advanced heat pump technology:
• Air source heat pumps • Ground source heat
pumps • Heat exchangers
Low global warming potential refrigerants
Envelope Technologies Yield Big Energy Savings
Pitched, cool & colored: ~5% air conditioning savings
Pitched & white: ~10% air conditioning savings
Flat & white: ~15% air conditioning savings
Cool Roofs
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
7
Dynamic glass: better day lighting; HVAC energy savings, unobstructed glare control
Windows
Next generation attic/roof system
Next Generation Attics/Roofs
• How much CO2 equivalent is offset if all eligible urban flat roofs were white?
• Answer: 24 Gigatonnes (LBNL)– Equivalent to taking 300 million cars
off the road for 20 years • 600 million passenger cars world
wide (each emit ~4t CO2/year)– Equivalent to emissions from 500
medium-sized coal fired power plants or 1,000 medium-sized gas fired
• Example: Walmart store in Northern California
Opportunity to Reduce Global Warming with White or Cool Roofs
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
8
medium-sized coal fired power plants or 1,000 medium-sized gas fired power plants
Pursuing Transformational Building Integrated Photovoltaic (BIPV)
SOLEXEL SHINGLE
OWENS CORNING ATTACHMENT PANEL
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
11
BIPV roofing membranes, for flat roofs, utilize high efficiency, flexible CIGS or thin-film crystalline-Si cells
BIPV roof shingles that utilize high efficiency (>21%), flexible mono-crystalline-Si cells; very-low-cost distributed circuitry at the cell level; integrated micro-inverters
BIPV roof shingles utilizing high efficiency (28%), thin-film GaAs cells, heat management and recovery, and integrated power electronics
Advanced Windows May Eventually “Produce” Energy
U-factor (W/m2 K)/ SHGC (-)
Energy Loss
Single Glaze4.77/ 0.64
Double Clear2.78/ 0.56
Double Low-e
Cold
Clim
ate
Hea
ting
and
Cool
ing
Ener
gy U
se
Buildings in the 21st Century Buildings.energy.gov
12
Energy Gain
Double Low-e2.1/ 0.53
Triple Low-e1.0/ 0.40
Dynamic Triple0.68/ 0.16-0.44
Triple Low-e Improved Frame
0.68/ 0.44-0+
1960 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020
Cold
Clim
ate
Hea
ting
and
Cool
ing
HVAC, Water Heating, and Working Fluids Make the Push for Big Energy Savings
HVAC Water Heating
50% to 65% Energy Savings
Heat Pump & Non-Vapor Compression
Working Fluids
HVAC (Res Central A/C (Split)): 26 SEER
Low- Global Warming Potential Refrigerants
Buildings in the 21st Century Buildings.energy.gov
14
Savings
Manage Thermal & Dehumidification Loads
Info Technology: Sensors & Controls Systems with Predictive Algorithms and Smart Grid Integration
• Goal: Develop an advanced air-source heat pump system with enhanced heating capacity at low ambient temperatures
• Residential activities:
– Develop a high performance cold climate heat pump with Purdue University and Emerson Climate Technologies
– DOE lab project: High performance
High Performance, Air Source, Cold Climate Heat Pumps
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
15
– DOE lab project: High performance cold climate multi-stage heat pump
– Future activities will focus on Commercial Rooftop Applications
• Goals:
– Lower installation costs up to 36% by 2020
– Increase customer confidence with an installer certification standard
– Reduce energy expenses
• Current Activities:
– Installer certification
Ground Source Heat Pump Projects
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
16
– Installer certification
– Analysis and data collection
– 26 awards for technology demonstrations
• Outcomes:
– Industry knowledge improves predictability of costs for future projects
– 26 projects expected to collectively save more than $4 million in energy expenses annually for the next 25 years
Heat Exchangers will Significantly Impact Many End Uses
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
17
• Crosscutting technology: Heat exchangers are not only used in refrigeration, heating, and air conditioning, but also in nearly every application that generates waste heat
• 30x improvement vs. current technology
• Potential impact: 21 quadrillion BTUs or 53% of building energy use
• First application - data center cooling loadsSource: “A Fundamentally New Approach to Air-
Cooled Heat Exchangers” Sandia National Laboratories
• Goal: maintain or improve the efficiency of the HVAC system while switching to lower global warming potential working fluids
• Evaluation of thermodynamic properties of possible fluids
– Predict the thermodynamic properties based on molecular structure
– Evaluate effect of refrigerant’s
The Global Warming Potential of Working Fluids
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
18
– Evaluate effect of refrigerant’s thermodynamic performance in a variety of refrigeration cycles (by simulation)
1st cut-off criteria
2nd cut-off criteria
• Goal: WAC unit in 1.5 – 3.5 kW cooling capacity range with an energy efficiency ratio (EER) of 13
• 30% energy savings over current U.S. minimum efficiency standard
• Market & Energy Saving Potential
– U.S. has ~57 million units in use
– Current DOE minimum EER is 9.8
A Next Generation Window Air-Conditioner (WAC) that can Deliver 30% Energy Savings
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
19
– Replacement of existing units with advanced WACs could save ~2.5 quads of energy over next 20 years
Solid State Lighting (SSL) Applications will Provide Significant Energy Savings
Energy Savings Potential of SSL in General Illumination Applications,
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
21Source: DOE Report “Energy Savings Potential of Solid-State Lighting in General Illumination Applications” January 2012
Lighting Phase-In eere.energy.gov
High pressure sodium street lighting (left) compared to LED street lighting (right) in a DOE demonstration project. San Francisco, California
Working with Industry to Drive Innovation: The RTU Challenge
• Package units like RTUs use ~ 50% of the cooling energy in commercial buildings
• ~40,000 ten ton RTUs sold/year in the U.S.
• Challenge U.S. manufacturers to build and deliver innovative, competitively priced, energy-saving RTUs that meet high-
Commercial Building Energy Alliance (CBEA) HVAC Roof Top Unit (RTU) Challenge
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
24
energy-saving RTUs that meet high-performance specifications:
– Efficiency from baseline 11.0 EER to 18 IEER
– Decrease air flow by specifying variable over constant air volume
– Increase fan efficiency from 45% to at least 60% with variable volume or multi-stage operation capability
The DOE Building Performance Database (BPD): A National, Comprehensive Standard
Energy Performance Forecasting Tool
External
Financial Risk Management Tool
Data Management
Cleansing, Validation, and Ingestion Processes
2
3
4
31
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
25
– Common taxonomy: a standardized “data model” to organize energy use and building characteristic data
– Data management: processes and tools to support the on-boarding and validation of data from multiple sources
– Applications: web-enabled tools that leverage data to forecast energy savings and related cash flows. As more use-cases are identified, additional tools will be created and released to the market
– 3rd party tool support: API allows 3rd parties to create new applications to use the data in the database
1
2
3
4
External Data Sources
Third Party Tools
4
API
International Cooperation: Super-Efficient Equipment
and Appliance Deployment (SEAD) initiative
Standards and Labeling
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
36
Over 50 countries, collectively representing ~80% of the world’s population, have standards and
labeling.
Harmonized Policy Allows Harmonized and Convergent Energy and Economic Savings
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1994 1999 2004 2009
Life
-Cyc
le C
ost
(20
08
Au
stri
a P
PP
Eu
ro)
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
1994 1999 2004 2009
Life
-Cyc
le C
ost
(20
08
Au
stri
a P
PP
Eu
ro)
Life
Cyc
le C
ost
-2
00
8 E
uro
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1994 1999 2004 2009
An
nu
al E
ne
rgy
Use
(k
Wh
/ye
ar)
200
250
300
350
400
450
500
1994 1999 2004 2009
An
nu
al E
ne
rgy
Use
(k
Wh
/ye
ar)
An
nu
al E
ner
gy U
se (
kwh
) Energy Use Declines Life Cycle Cost Declines
Buildings in the 21st Century – International Green Building Summit Buildings.energy.gov
39
1994 1999 2004 2009
Average Spain Sweden Germany
1994 1999 2004 2009
Average Spain Sweden Germany
0.05
0.10
0.15
0.20
0.25
0.30
1994 1999 2004 2009
Elec
tric
ity P
rice
(200
8 A
ustr
ia P
PP E
uro/
kWh)
Average Spain Sweden Germany
Elec
tric
ity
Pri
ce -
20
08
Eu
ro
Average Spain Sweden GermanyAverage Spain Sweden Germany
Electricity Prices by Country
2
TAIPEI 101
Previously the world’s tallest building
2
BUILDING ENVELOPE
Non-reflective Double Low-E Glass Curtain Wall8
EMCS Energy Management and Control System
Monitoring: - VAC Related- Lighting- Fire Management- Generators- Tenant Power
Ventilation Air-Con System - Ice Storage Tank- AHU w/ CO2 sensor on mechanical fls- VAV boxes on each floor
9
Rainwater Harvesting / Grey Water System
WATER CONSERVATION
10
Off hour toilet lights by pushing button at lift lobby
Public area lighting 7:30 am till 7:30 pm, motion sensor for basic lighting for off hours
Garbage chute inlet
Window blinds provided
Pantry with drinking water / boiler
TYPICAL FLOOR
T5 light tubethroughout
11
Garbage Collection System
Garbage Sorting / Recycling Station55% Recycle ratio
WASTE PROGRAM
13
ENERGY SAVING EFFORTS
System 2007 2008 2009VAC systems
52% 51% 52%
Lighting 31% 33% 34%
Elevators 11% 10% 8%
Others 6% 6% 6%
• Focus: VAC System & Lighting• Goal: 5% saving every year
14
SAVING FROM AIR-CON• Adjust public area temperature to 25-26℃
• Adjust AHU cool air temperature to 13-14℃
• Fix VAV thermostat to 23-25℃
• Modify chiller plant operating schedule (for ice storage/melting)
• Modify chilled water distribution according to actual tenant requirements
• Regular cleansing of AHU valves
• Re-fix door frame to keep doors shut or add air curtain
15
SAVING FROM LIGHTING• Review all public lighting, no. of tubes
and schedule• Mechanical floors changed to two way
switch• Parking lot lights from halogen to T5
tubes and relocating to proper location
• Refuge room installed motion detector• Staircase floor indicator lights changed
to T5 tubes and reduced no. of tubes
• Service lift lobby installed switch
16
17
Compared to 2007 EUI, 2008-2011 4 years Saved 54.23 mil KWH power = US$4.4 millions Reduced 36,877 tons carbon emission
*EUI – Energy Use Intensity
ENERGY SAVING – whole complex
Year 2007 2008 2009Consumption(KWH) 95,820,200 96,048,000 90,993,080Area in Use M2 318,372 339,707 344,915
EUI (KWH/M2) 300.97 282.74 263.81
Saving from previous year 6.1% 6.7%
2011/2007 20% saving
2008 & 2009 Total Investment US$391,000; Saving: US$1.5 million
2010 201189,858,598 85,103,600
346,396 351,929
259.41 241.82
1.7% 6.8%
18*EUI – Energy Use Intensity
ENERGY SAVING – Office Tower
Year 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011Consumption(KWH) 41,140,800 41,548,800 41,167,280 41,058,398 41,880,000Area in Use M2 141,094 162,866 170,395 171,064 178,131
EUI (KWH/M2) 291.59 255.11 241.60 240.02 235.11
Saving from previous year 12.5% 5.3% 0.7% 2.1%
2011/2007 19% saving
• Public power saving from 2007 to 2011 is 26% !• Energy Star performance rating for 2010 reached 86 !
• LEED – Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design• CS – Core and Shell• NC – New Construction• EBOM – Existing Building Operation and Maintenance
2009 version• Commercial Interior• Neighborhood• Hotel
USGBC LEED SYSTEM• LEED is US Green Building Council’s standard• LEED has been for 12 years and took off in 2008• LEED is the most recognized rating system in the world
19
LANDLORD’S CONSIDERATION
Benefits:- Actual Cost Saving- Third party verification / health
checkup- Competitive Advantage in Leasing- Corporate Image- Corporate Social Responsibility
Challenges:- Shareholders Endorsement- Allocate Sufficient Funding - Staff Commitment- Tenant Participation- Quality of Consultants
20
FOR LEASING
Tenant’s Benefits:- Actual Operational Cost
Saving- Better Indoor Environment
good for work efficiency- Good PR and feel good for
employees
Current Status in Asia:- Governments have yet to
request such standards- Tenants love the idea - MNCs have yet to make it a
relocation criteria - Landlords need to sell the
benefits to tenants better
21
LEED EBOM POINTS
1. Sustainable Site 262. Water Efficiency 143. Energy and Atmosphere 354. Materials and Resources 105. Indoor Environmental Quality 156. Innovation in Operations 67. Regional Priority Credits 4
Total: 110
Category and Points
- Platinum 80-110- Gold 60-79- Silver 50-59- Certified 40-49
Level
- Prerequisites 9 331K- Low / no cost 32 13K- Moderate cost 4 600K- High cost 6 909K
Total: 51 projectsActual cost: < US$2,000,000
Projects Identified
22
PROJECT EXAMPLESEnergy and Atmosphere- VAV sensors calibration- Chiller plant optimization program- Sub-metering plants and equipment- Implement energy audit and
verificationWater Efficiency - Replace toilet flush valve, urinal
flush valve, install aerators in sink- Alter irrigation system and utilize
rain waterIndoor Environment Quality- Air flow measurement - Install humidity sensors- Install more CO2 sensors
23
PERFORMANCE
Energy and Atmosphere (EA)- Over 30% better in energy performance
than average building- Monitoring and recording 40% of total
energy usageWater Efficiency (WE)- Decrease potable water usage by 30% - 625 SM of on-site landscape uses 100%
rainwater
Sustainable Site (SS)- All parking spaces are in basement- 84% building occupiers take public
transportation to work every day.
24
Material and Resources (MR)- Waste management program recycle rate
up to 71% - Low-mercury and no-mercury lamp
fixtures with only 58.5 picograms (standard is 90)
Indoor Environment Quality (IEQ)- Utilizes CRI* approved vacuum
cleaners for better cleaning efficiency and healthier environment, an average score of 1.61 Orderly Spotlessness.
- Over 65% of tenant occupied space enjoy exterior view
- Smoke free and applies high levels of outdoor filtered air
PERFORMANCE
25
LEED - EBOM
June 2009 LEED Registration Whole 2010 Alteration projects and documentation Nov. 2010 – Jan. 2011 Performance Period April 2011 Submission July 2011 Achieved LEED EBOM Platinum
26
27
Platinum 59 5%Gold 421 38%Silver 365 33%Certified 255 23%
Total: 1100
Existing Building Operation & Maintenance
TAIPEI 101 LEED Certification
- Only 5% are Platinum- Only 2 Platinum buildings are over 100,000 s.m.
LEED EBOM is the trend!
top related