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SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market
Harry Mason - Director Industry Marketing, LSI CorporationMarty Czekalski - Interface & Emerging Architecture Program Manager, Seagate Technology
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 22
SNIA Legal Notice
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This presentation is a project of the SNIA Education Committee.
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 3
Abstract
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage MarketSerial Attached SCSI (SAS) allows systems to be built that accommodates large numbers of either SAS and/or SATA hard disk drives. This presentation, intended for OEM, System Builders and End-Users, describes the capabilities of the SAS interface, how it’s designed to interoperate with SATA drives and when combined, how these technologies can be combined to deliver some very compelling storage solutions.
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 4
SAS: The Evolutionary Tale….
Evolution:
- Replaces Ultra320 - Preserves Legacy
SCSI Software- Renews the SCSI
Roadmap- Continues the
Market Transition to Serial Interfaces
CPU
Storage
Interface
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 5
Ultra320 SCSI Replacement?
Customer Choice
ScalableFuture Architected
Preserve Legacy SCSI
Cost Equivalence w/SCSI
Performance
3.5” & 2.5” Form Factors
1000’s of Connections
Every-unit-ItemEconomics
Multi-protocolPlug Compatible
Preserves 20+ Years of SCSI Middleware
●Dual-ported●Point-to-Point
Wide-Ports
Reliability
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 6
Blind Mating and Hot Pluggable
SATA Disk Connectors:• Suitable for Both 3.5” and 2.5” Storage Devices • Includes data and voltage connections• Hot-Pluggable (staggered pins)• Blind Mating
Enclosure
~3msec
Drive
Vcc
VccStaged Power
3.3V 5V R 12VRx TxData Voltage Pins
Grounds
Pre-charge
Key
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 7
SAS/SATA Compatibility
Disk Drive Connectors
SAS
SATA Port B
SAS Connector Flip Side
Accommodates both SAS & SATA Drives
Pluggable
☻SAS Backplane Connector
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 8
World-wide HDD Shipments:
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
FC
SCSI
SAS
SATA
FC/SAS <10K RPM
E n t e r p r i s e A p p l i c a t i o n s (2 0 0 8 -2 0 12 )A l l F o r m -F a c t o r s b y I n t e r f a c e
(M’s)
Source:IDC
A significant percentage of SATA in the enterprise will be deployed on SAS
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 9
Storage Growth & Innovation Drives Customer Choices
Application intelligence driving applications back to DAS to reduce cost and complexity
Virtualization & Live Migration drive Networked Storage
Prevailing wisdom: ‐> Storage Consolidation was accomplished through networked storage solutions (NAS and SAN)
Virtualization
Application Intelligence
Direct Attached Storage
Networked AttachedStorage
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 10
Applications Get SmarterApplications gaining intelligence
Applications growing new capabilities without requiring SAN storage modelHigh-availability clustering through application based local replicationDisaster recovery through application based remote replicationGreater performance through tight integration with storage subsystems
Messaging Applications:Reduced I/O load profile reduces per user spindle count requirements,
Reduce costs and/or enabling greater per server capabilities (user count/mailbox size)
Clustering techniques, like Cluster Continuous Replication (CCR) and Standby Continuous Replication (SCR), enable robust fault-tolerant deployments for DAS deployments
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 11
The Direct Attached Storage (DAS) Revival
New DAS technologies are more powerful than everSerial Attached SCSI (SAS) and Serial Attached ATA (SATA) deliver a new level of performance and costImproved application architectures coupled with these interfaces, improves economics of storage
SAS based storage deliver high performance and high capacity storage for messaging deployments.
SAS JBODs coupled with CCR and SRC capabilities, deliver a new level of price performance for messaging environments
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 12
Who Consumes Enterprise Drives?DAS deployments
(Drive Interfaces by volume)
SAN & NAS deployments(Drive interfaces by volume)
2001 approximately 70%(SCSI, P-ATA)
approximately 30%(FC, SCSI, P-ATA)
2007 approximately 70%(SAS, SCSI, SATA)
approximately 30%(FC, SAS, SATA)
2013 XX% (TBD)
(6Gb/s SAS, SATA)YY% (TBD)
(6Gb/s SAS, SATA)
Market Drivers
Application Intelligence,Price, Power, PerformanceDAS & S/W Improvements
Flash
VirtualizationEase of Use
Pervasive Networks
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 13
SAS’s Unique Attributes
CompellingSolutions
Performance
Density (power)
Scalability
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 14
SAS: Bandwidth Aggregation
Wide-Port (x4) yields 48Gb/s Full Duplex!
Each SAS Link (Rx and Tx)3Gb/s 6Gb/s (full-duplex)6Gb/s 12Gb/s (full-duplex)
Wide PortsCombine SAS links (6Gb/s SAS)
2 ports – 24Gb/s (full duplex)4 ports – 48Gb/s (full-duplex)
Concurrency Brings Higher PerformanceMultiple concurrent I/O’s
(lots of drives operating concurrently)
Performance
Theoretical Bandwidth DOUBLES with 6Gb/s SAS!
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 15
Performance – 6Gb/s SAS
SAS Bus
3Gb/s 6Gb/sMB/s MB/s
X1 280 550
X2 560 1100
X4 1120 2200
Host Side Bus
PCIe 1.1 PCIe 2MB/s MB/s
PCIe - x4 800 1600
PCIe – x8 1600 3200
Performance
6Gb/s SAS Improves Scalability
Drives to saturate a x4 SAS Connection3Gb/s SAS 6Gb/s SAS
SAS 2.5” 20 13SAS 3.5” 10 13SATA 2.5” 25 25SATA 3.5” 15 19
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 16
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012
2.5"
3.5"
Form Factor TransitionDensity
Source: IDC
(M’s)
SAS: Enterprise Form Factor Transition
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 17
Industry Compacts Storage
SAS & Small Form Factor (SFF)SFF increases density
Scale & expand in same spaceIdeal for Blade System Deployment
SFF Drives Consume 50% less Power than 3.5”counterparts
Save on volatile energy costsGrowth without pulling in extra power dropsLower heat loads & air-conditioning costs at equivalent performance
– Caution – Power per rack can still increase due to density increase
Higher Performance and Potentially Lower CostMultiple concurrent I/O’s (lots of drives operating concurrently)Lower TCO through common infrastructure
Additional AdvantagesRAID 5 or 6 on a 1U serverImproved Hard Disk Drive reliabilitySAS & SATA Drives in Common Drive Carrier
Density
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 18
Connector Types
SAS 4X ConnectorMini SAS 4X Connector
InfiniBand Style
Preferred External Connection Scheme
Density
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 19
Scaling outside the Server
SASController
and/or
SAS Cables
Expand Your DAS Capabilities
Cascaded Enclosures
Density
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 20
SAS: Improving Density and Airflow
Dramatically Improves Connectivity, Density & Airflow
Up to 160 SAS Links per 1u Rack!
SATA/SAS CableVS Parallel
External & Internal SAS 1.1 Mini SAS
(4x & 4i)
Highly Scalable ArchitectureConnectivity and Bandwidth
Density
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 21
Self Configuring Expanders Extend SAS
1st Gen SAS DiscoveryVendor Unique ZoningLimited to 128Discovery Executed by Initiator end-devices
Complicated large topologies Problematic for zoning
2nd Gen SAS DiscoveryStandardized ZoningExpanded to 256Discovery executed by SAS Expanders
Reduces time to discover large topologiesEnables zoning of the topologyAllows table-to-table routing
Enables Richer SAS Topologies
Hosts(Initiators)
Expanders
Serial Attached SCSI or SATA disk drives
(Targets)
Scalability
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 22
w
Expanders – Scaling SAS Architecture
SASHBAs
SAS Expander Complex(packaged view)
SAS Expander Complex (internal view)
Scalability
Various JBODs
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 23
Cascading Enclosures
= Universal Connection (required at both end points)
= IN – Connects to universal or OUT port
= OUT – Connects to Universal or IN port
JBOD Enclosure
IN OUT
JBOD Enclosure
IN OUT
Server
End Device
Server
End Device
/ /
SASExpander
SASExpander
SAS HBA
SAS HBA
/Scalability
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 24
SAS Expander(s)
Shared Storage Example SAS Zoning
Greenis Zone 1
Redis Zone 2
4
4
2
4
2
Sees a total of 16 drives
Sees a total of 20 drives
8 - 2.5” Drives
12 - 3.5” Drives
8 - 2.5” Drives
Solutions
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 25
Traditional DAS model creates islands of storageTraditional DAS does not allow sharing and pooling of the storage
Solves the problem of routing multiple servers to multiple independent storage devices (JBOD or RAID systems) creating “Sharable DAS”The expander complex allows sharing & pooling of storage – fewer, larger storage arrays
Scalable, Sharable DAS
High-Port Count SAS Expanders support 32 Ports or Greater
Solutions
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 26
Scalable, Sharable DASSAS Value Proposition & Positioning
Performance Low Cost Distance
Fibre Channel X X
GbE iSCSI X X
10 GbE iSCSI X X
SAS X X
Significant market segment underserved by SAN alternativesSame room, modest scale (to few 10s of server & storage endpoints)Compliments Application Intelligence and Application MessagingEnhances Clustered Applications
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 27
Switched SAS ApplicationsRAID Array Drive Expansion
Blade Storage Mid-plane I/F
Lower Cost
Higher Bandwidth
Shareable DASSolutions
LSI
SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SAS1068
LSI SASx36
RAID Ctlr
LSI
SAS1068
LSI SASx36
RAID CtlrLSI
SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
Blade Server
Daughter Card
External Storage
LSI
SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SASx36SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SAS1068
LSI SASx36
RAID Ctlr
SAS ROC SASx36
RAID Ctlr
LSI
SAS1068
LSI SASx36
RAID Ctlr
SAS ROC SASx36
RAID CtlrLSI
SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SASx36SASx36
SAS Switch
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064
LSI
SAS1064
RaleighBlade Server
Daughter CardLSI
SAS1064
Blade Server
Daughter Card
LSI
SAS1064SAS
controller
Blade Server
Daughter Card
External Storage
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 28
3Gb/s SAS Demonstration
System ComponentsDual-Core processorsPCI-Express 2 - SAS RAID Controllers1 - SAS Switch82 Drives – (mixture of 2.5” & 3.5” & mixture of 10 & 15K RPM)5 JBODs -Various SuppliersSize: 15U Rack
Up to 500K IOPS (512 Byte Blocks)!
Solutions
PerformanceSQLIO Throughput Benchmarks
64KB sequential reads of 3.2 GB/s64KB sequential writes of 2.7 GB/s256KB random read of 2.0 GB/s256KB random writes of 2.1 GB/s
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 29
Demonstrates the extremely high throughput available with
standard high‐volume components
6Gb/s SAS Demonstration
System ComponentsOne Quad-Core processorPCI-Express 2.03 – 6Gb/s SAS Controllers30 Drives – (2.5” 6Gb/s 15K RPM, JBOD)Workstation motherboard using latest CPU & chipsetWindows 2003
Solutions
PerformanceIometer Throughput Benchmarks
2KB sequential read or write
– 1,000,000 IOPs
256KB sequential read or write
– 6.5 GB/s
i7
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 30
What’s coming?
High Capacity SAS - Simplifies SAS ArchitectureSAS interface on High Capacity Drives, 2 TB and higherArchitecturally more efficient, Improves Enterprise System Integrity Minimizes impact of Multi-host emulation
6Gb/s SAS - Double transfer rate Decision Feedback Equalization Improves 6Gb/s SignalingData Integrity Initiative (DII)
Expands SAS Usage into the EnterpriseExpander Zoning
Enhanced multi-host supportAlready available on some 3Gb expanders
Spread spectrum clockingReduces EMI
Multiplexing (Optional)Less Significant with the advent of 6Gb/s SAS Drives
Solid State Disks (SSD)Random performance improves read performance (10x to 100x)Early stages of market adoption
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 31
Additional Info Available at:
T10 (Serial Attached SCSI Spec development)http://www.t10.org
SCSI Trade Associationhttp://www.scsita.org
Serial Storage Wirehttp://www.serialstoragewire.com
SATA I/Ohttp://www.sata-io.org
SAS & SATA Combine to Change the Storage Market© 2008 Storage Networking Industry Association. All Rights Reserved. 32
Q&A / Feedback
Please send any questions or comments on this presentation to SNIA: tracknetworking@snia.org
Many thanks to the following individuals for their contributions to this tutorial.
SNIA Education Committee
SCSI Trade Association (STA) Marty Czekalski SATA I/O Working Group David So Rich Johnson Howie Goldstein Chris Lionetti Joe White Jay Neer Bruce Grieshaber Tom Hammond-Doel Nancy Clay
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